1976年8月松潘—平武地震的预报

本文由R、E华莱士和邓大亮所著,发表于Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,Vol.70,No.4。原著分绪论、预报、非仪器异常和前兆的解释、评论和结论四部分,现就绪论、评论和结论二部分的译文刊出。)     

澳大利亚元古代主要层状贱金属矿床

前言澳大利亚的元古代的主要贱金属矿床(布罗肯希尔、芒特艾萨、麦克阿瑟河矿床)都是根据地表露头发现的。布罗肯希尔矿床是1883年发现的,其地表露头长大于一公里,宽3—40米的富锰铁帽,铁帽中的少量矿物有白铅矿,银的卤化物,磷氯铅矿和少量方铅矿,锌几乎全都淋失了。芒特艾萨矿床是1923年首次发现。含铅—银矿体的直接围岩为黄铁矿化页岩。在地表氧化后成为厚达3米的碧玉或硅化页岩角砾岩,从氧化带开采出的主要矿物为白铅矿和磷氯铅矿,氧化带厚约60米。1947年又在芒特艾萨北20公里的希尔顿区根据出露的铁     

采用甘多菲X光技术鉴定流体包裹体的子矿物

流体包裹体是主晶从中生长的流体的样品,或是在主品形成后的某个时间但围主晶的流体样品。因为这些包裹体是成矿流体的实际的样品,如果能测定包裹休的组成,则可能得到伴生成矿的化学条件方面的有价值的信息。当然,不仅需要进行流体成分的测定,而且还应该进行所有固体相即从那些溶液沉淀出来的子矿物成分的测定。     

Sorption of radioactive contaminants by sediment from the Kara Sea

The purpose of this study is to quantify some of the parameters needed to perform near-field modelling of sites in the Kara Sea that were impacted by the disposal of radioactive waste. The parameters of interest are: the distribution coefficients (Kd) for several important radionuclides, the mineralogy of the sediment, and the relationship of Kd to liquid-to-solid ratio. Sediment from the Kara Sea (location: 73 degrees 00'N, 58 degrees 00'E) was sampled from a depth of 287 m on August 23/24, 1992. Analysis of the material included mineralogy, grain size and total organic carbon (TOC). Uptake kinetics were determined for 85Sr, 137Cs, 241Am, 99Tc, 1251, 232U and 210Pb and distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined for these radionuclides using batch type experiments. Sorption isotherms, developed for 137Cs, 85Sr and 99Tc, were linear in each case. Increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio strongly increased uptake of 137Cs and moderately increased uptake of 99Tc. Analysis for anthropogenic radionuclides indicated the presence only of 239/240Pu in the sediment with the highest activity (at the top section of the core) being 0.420 Bq kg(-1). Other anthropogenic radionuclides were below detection limits.     

STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF A WATERSHED-SCALE SEDIMENT INFORMATION NETWORK

A "Watershed-Scale Sediment Information Network" (WaSSIN), designed to complement UNESCO’s International Sedimentation Initiative, was endorsed as an initial project by the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. WaSSIN is to address global fluvial-sediment information needs through a network approach based on consistent protocols for the collection, analysis, and storage of fluvial-sediment and ancillary information at smaller spatial scales than those of the International Sedimentation Initiative. As a second step of implementation, it is proposed herein that the WaSSIN have a general structure of two components, (1) monitoring and data acquisition and (2) research. Monitoring is to be conducted in small watersheds, each of which has an established database for discharge of water and suspended sediment and possibly for bed load, bed material, and bed topography. Ideally, documented protocols have been used for collecting, analyzing, storing, and sharing the derivative data. The research component is to continue the collection and interpretation of data, to compare those data among candidate watersheds, and to determine gradients of fluxes and processes among the selected watersheds. To define gradients and evaluate processes, the initial watersheds will have several common attributes. Watersheds of the first group will be: (1) six to ten in number, (2) less than 1000 km2 in area, (3) generally in mid-latitudes of continents, and (4) of semiarid climate. Potential candidate watersheds presently include the Weany Creek Basin, northeastern Australia, the Zhi Fanggou catchment, northern China, the Eshtemoa Watershed, southern Israel, the Metsemotlhaba River Basin, Botswana, the Aiuaba Experimental Basin, Brazil, and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, southwestern United States.     

Subsidence history and forming mechanism of anomalous tectonic subsidence in the Bozhong depression, Bohaiwan basin

The Bozhong depression of the Bohaiwan basin belongs to a family of extensional basins in East China, but is quite different from other parts of the basin. The Cenozoic subsidence of the depression is controlled by a combination of lithospheric thinning and polycyclic strike-slip movements. Three episodic rifts have been identified, i.e. Paleocence-early Eocene, middle-late Eocene and Oligocene age. The depression underwent syn-rift and post-rift stages, but two episodic dextral movement events of the strike-slip faults modify the subsidence of the Bozhong depression since the Oligocene. The early dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault associated with crustal extension resulted in accelerated subsidence during the time of deposition of the Dongying Formation with a maximum thickness of 4000 m. A late reactivation of dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault began in late Miocene (about 12 Ma), which resulted in the intense subsidence of Minghuazhen Formation and Quaternary. In addition, dynamic mantle convection-driven topography also accelerated the post-rift anomalous subsidence since the Miocene (24.6 Ma). Our results indicate that the primary control on rapid subsidence both during the rift and post-rift stages in the Bozhong depression originates from a combination of multiple episodic crustal extension and polycyclic dextral movements of strike-slip faults, and dynamic topography.     

含矿相从酸性熔体中分离出来的条件(英文)

热液学说不能完全解释金属从岩浆 (或岩石 )中分离和富集的自然条件。酸性岩中包体研究表明 ,存在特殊的硅酸盐熔体卤水 (silicate saltmelt brine)相 ,它在熔体结晶早期即从中分离出来 ,其中富含盐类 (质量分数可达 70 %)、金属、水、F、Cl、B等。而实验研究显示 ,原始的酸性熔体在冷却过程中分裂为硅酸盐熔体 (silicatemelt)和熔体卤水 (melt brine) ,熔体卤水还可进一步分离出更多的熔体卤水系列 (melt brines) ,它们也富含金属元素。熔体中高度富集的流体是产生这一过程非常有利的条件。     

EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE CALCULATION GUIDE

1 mTRonvcnox: moareS Aun CoxcmSAJluvial rivers have the pOtenhal to adjust their shaPe and dimensions to all flows that tranSPOrtsediment, but Inglis (l94l) suggested that, for rivers that are in regime, a single steady flow could beidenhfied which would Produce the same bankfll dimensions as the natural sequence of events. Hereferrd to this now as the dondnan discharge.Wolman and Mller (l960) idenhfied that the flow doing most bed material transPort over a period ofyears may be taken tO…     

夏威夷—2观测台为遥测仪器在海洋研究中提供了机会

引言夏威夷-2观测台位于夏威夷和加州之间5000m 深的海底(图1)。它是第一个建在海底的全球地震台网台站。远程控制信号和电源通过一根废弃电话电缆(夏威夷-2)输送到该台站。夏威夷2电缆是美国电话电信公司出于科研目的捐献给美国地震学联合研究协会的。在夏威夷-2观测台的     

球面小波分析技术及在全球重力模型中的应用

在介绍球面小波理论的基础上,推导和比较了几种球面小波,分析了最新地球重力模型-EGM96,以此为依据,把球面小波多分辨分析用于计算全球自由空气异常及重力大地水准面,并对处理结果做出解释。