AN ECOSYSTEM MODEL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF MINE TAILINGS ON THE EUPHOTIC ZONE OF A PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM

A computer analysis was performed on experimental results obtained when mine tailings were added to seawater. The Mixed Upper-Layer Ecotrophie Simulation (MULES) model was tested by changing the extinction coefficient and the abundance of heterotrophic zooflagellates. Increasing the extinction coefficient resulted in a delay of phytoplankton growth, an increase in zooplankton standing stock and better growth of autotrophic flagellates compared with diatoms. Zooflagellates in the ecosystem influence the growth of zooplankton; secondary production by zooplankton was markedly depressed at low levels of zooflagellates. These results are believed to be of general significance for the diagnosis of suspended sediment effects on planktonic ecosystems.     

九龙江口铜、铅化学形态的研究

一引言随着环境科学的发展,重金属存在形态的研究已日益为环境科学工作者所重视。重金属在环境中分布、迁移和转化等化学行为都与它的存在形态密切相关,对生物的毒性效应也取决于它的存在形态。离子态铜的毒性远大于络合态铜,并且铜的络合物越稳定,其毒性越小。因此,如果只测定重金属的总浓度,就难以对环境质量作出正确的评价。环境科学的深入研究,更需要人们了解污染物在环境中的存在形态。Florence和Batley(1976)及Florence(1977)提出了较详细的重金属存在形态分类图式。这个形态分类图式利用阳极溶出伏安法(ASV)将溶存天然水中铜、     

海气相互作用的随机-动力理论

在长期天气过程和气候形成的理论中,海洋起着重要的作用。但是海洋是一种缓慢流动的介质,比热也远比大气的比热大,从大范围运动角度来看,大气运动特别大尺度天气过程,相对说来比较活跃和变化速度较快,这种较快的天气起伏,将影响海水的潜热和感热输送,使海温发生变化,然而海温的气候变化是一个缓慢过程,而且是一个大范围现象,因此可以将天气过程的起伏看成一种随机强迫,从这一观点出发,Frankignoul and Hasselman采用简单的随机模型,探讨了海温异常的成因与变化,得到了引人注目。     

Assessing degradation capability of aerobic indigenous microflora in PAH-contaminated brackish sediments

A study was conducted to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) distribution and microbial population changes in brackish sediments from an Italian lagoon included in the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. The presence and level of PAH-degrading bacteria were estimated by the most probable number (MPN) enumeration technique, whereas degradation capability towards target compounds was checked against loss of spiked PAHs (Phenanthrene, Anthracene and Fluoranthene) in MPN tubes after incubation in optimal conditions. Chemical analyses and microbiological counts suggested a potential for PAHs biodegradation by natural occurring populations of sediment microorganisms, thus indicating an "optimal range" in sediment PAHs concentrations, outside of which the natural selection of the indigenous microflora did not occur. The MPN procedure here described, provided an effective and reliable way to simultaneously determine microbial population densities and subsequent confirmation of the biodegradation capability of sediment indigenous microflora when exposed to laboratory and environmental concentrations of PAHs.     

Measuring and modelling temporal trends of 226Ra in waters of a Spanish estuary affected by the phosphate industry

The presence and temporal evolution (1990-2001) of (226)Ra in a tidal estuary affected by the phosphate industry has been investigated. Water samples collected in the course of four separate sampling campaigns were analysed for (226)Ra content using a gas flow proportional counter following Ba coprecipitation. Two (226)Ra sources have been identified: direct discharges from the industrial complex and run-off from a phosphogypsum pile. Although activity levels are similar, or even higher, than those found in other environments affected by the phosphate industry, there has been a general decrease in contamination since direct discharges ceased in 1998 due to new regulations from the EU. However, sediments are now acting as a source of Ra to the water column due to redissolution processes. A numerical model of the estuary has been developed to describe quantitatively the experimental results. The model solves the hydrodynamics and the dispersion equation of (226)Ra including interactions with sediments. Model results are, in general, in good agreement with observations.     

利用马尔可夫链理论建立波高相关性模式

以台湾海峡之国光钻油平台上新竹海气象浮标的有效波高为分析对象，通过移转机率矩阵建立马尔可夫链波高相关性模式，研究结果显示，利用马尔可夫链相关性模式推估之波高的不确定程度低于传统回归相关分析所得，而波高之估算误差受当时海况影响，在恶劣的海况下，本文模式之推估误差低于20%。     

从粗沉积物组份与粘土矿物资料看始新世至晚渐新世威德尔海的古海洋与古气候演化

本研究基于ODP113航次水深2080m处的689站位所钻取的位于毛德海隆之上的沉积物．毛德海隆是位于威德尔海东部，孤立的无震洋脊，比大洋盆地高出了2500m．沉积序列由中始新世的有孔虫一超微化石软泥与晚始新世的超微化石软泥组成，其上为渐新世的台硅藻超微化石软泥与超微化石软泥．     

Patterns of heritability of decreased EROD activity and resistance to PCB 126-induced teratogenesis in laboratory-reared offspring of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a creosote-contaminated site in the Elizabeth River,VA, USA

Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a highly contaminated site on the Elizabeth River are resistant to the acute toxicity and the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-inducing activity of both the sediments from the site and chemically pure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These effects are highly heritable for one generation, but heritable to a lesser degree by subsequent generations, in clean conditions in the laboratory. We show that offspring of this population of Elizabeth River killifish are also resistant to the teratogenicity and P4501A-inducing activity of PCB congener 126, a prototypical coplanar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (HAH). Furthermore, the pattern of greater resistance to acute toxicity and P4501A-inducing activity in the first generation and less in subsequent generations is also observed upon exposure to PCB-126.     

海上石油钻探,采油及其溢油事故的回顾

海上石油钻井平台乃是２０世纪末的技术奇迹，仅波斯湾，墨西哥湾，北海三个海域就有钻井平台１０００多座，目前钻探深度可达到１２ｋｍ，能够沉入海底或水中的钻井平台已经投入使用，８０年代海上石油，天然气的勘探和开采总投资已达７５００亿美元，海上石油开采总量已超过同期世界石油总开采量的１／３。重要的是海上石油开采比陆上石油开采更经济，可为人们提供更廉的石油，但是海上石油设施增多，钻井平台，油井等造成的石油泛