基于高阶思维的地理综合思维素养的提升途径探讨——以天球坐标解析地球公转的地理意义为例

地理核心素养包括人地协调观、区域认知、综合思维和地理实践力。综合思维是人们运用综合的观点认识地理环境的思维方式和能力。地理科学具有地域性和综合性,因此,在地理教学中提升综合思维素养水平是非常适合的。本文以地球公转运动知识理解为例,借助天球坐标的知识,多角度切入,对地球公转运动进行解析,有助于学习者地理空间思维能力和综合思维素养的提升,从而养成良好的学习和思维习惯,有助于高阶思维的养成。     

国外软骨藻酸的研究概况

软骨藻酸相继从一些海洋红藻和硅藻中被发现并分离出,研究表明其为神经毒素、递质,当它进入中枢神经系统后,会发生胞溶现象,从而破坏边缘系统结构而产生记忆力丧失等症状。目前,检测其含量有化学和生化二类分析方法。     

台西南盆地地质构造特征及油气远景

本文从盆地的基本地质特征入手,分析了台西南盆地的地层、沉积、构造特征及油气条件,在进行盆地的定性分析的基础上,对盆地内的次级构造单元进行了类比,对盆地的含油气远景进行了评价,提出了该盆地的油气勘探方向。     

海水中液-固界面的台阶型动力学曲线 Ⅱ.液膜扩散-递进扩散-界面分级交换反应联合控制的复合模型理论

为定量解释海水中液-固界面的台阶型动力学曲线及其台阶的消长变化规律,在我们已提出的“液膜扩散和递进液膜扩散控制的复合模型”和“海水中液-固界面分级离子/配位子交换理论”基础上,吸取Crank的若干数学处理方法,进而提出适合于非稳态体系的“液膜扩散-递进扩散-界面分级交换反应联合控制的复合模型”。     

CMIP5气候模式下淡水通量变化

基于全球降水气候态计划(GPCP)的降水资料和美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(WHOI)的客观分析海气通量(OAFlux)的蒸发数据,对CMIP5的13个耦合模式的淡水通量历史模拟结果进行评估。结果表明:模式能够模拟出淡水通量的气候态空间分布,但普遍存在双热带辐合带(ITCZ)现象,热带海域是模式模拟不确定性最大的区域。模式能较好模拟出纬向平均的淡水通量的分布特征,但量值较实测偏小,且由于模式对1月10°S附近淡水通量的模拟过低,导致年平均的赤道和10°S之间的淡水通量模拟存在明显的偏差。季节尺度上,模式对北半球淡水通量的变化特征有很好的模拟能力,但对南半球的模拟能力不足。年际尺度上,模式普遍能够刻画ENSO引起的淡水通量在太平洋中部同西太平洋以及印尼贯通流反相变化的空间分布特征,但是时间特征模拟很差。从各个方面评估模式的历史模拟结果,多模式集合的结果都要优于单个模式的结果。全球变暖背景下,未来淡水通量变化最显著的区域位于热带和亚热带区域。原本蒸发(降水)占主导的海域,蒸发(降水)更强。不同气候情景下,淡水通量变化的空间形态没有显著变化,但RCP8.5气候情景下模拟的淡水通量变化幅度及模式间变化的一致性均强于RCP4.5的结果。     

基于COⅠ基因序列的长腹剑水蚤系统进化关系

长腹剑水蚤属（Oithona）是广泛分布于海洋近岸和外海海域的中小型桡足类中最为丰富的类群之一,由于个体小且形态差异微小,通过传统的形态学分类法对其进行准确鉴定难度较大。本文对南海分布的长腹剑水蚤属内的5个种,即瘦长腹剑水蚤（O.tenuis）、羽长腹剑水蚤（O.plumifera）、刺长腹剑水蚤（O.setigera）、伪长腹剑水蚤（O.fallax）和长刺长腹剑水蚤（O.longispina）线粒体COⅠ基因序列以及DNA数据库中长腹剑水蚤属其他地区种类COⅠ基因序列进行比较分析,使用ABGD （Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery）和GMYC （Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent）模型进行物种界定,分析种间种内遗传距离,并构建系统进化关系。结果显示ABGD和GMYC模型均可以很好地对长腹剑水蚤进行种类划分;种内遗传距离为0.0%~1.6%,种间遗传距离为17.7%~44.5%（Kimura 2-parameter双参数模型）,表明种间出现较高的分化;贝叶斯系统树和最大似然树进化树结果均表明,简长腹剑水蚤（O.simplex）与其他种类相距较远,羽长腹剑水蚤和拟长腹剑水蚤（O.similis）中存在隐种的分化,分别是我国南海海域和地中海的羽长腹剑水蚤以及朝鲜海峡和北海的拟长腹剑水蚤,种间遗传距离分别为18.6%、22.9%。     

Role of buffer layer in electronic structures of iron phthalocyanine molecules on Au(111)

We investigate the electronic structures of one and two monolayer iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules on Au(111) surfaces. The first monolayer FePc is lying flat on the Au(111) substrate, and the second monolayer FePc is tilted at ～15° relative to the substrate plane along the nearest neighbour [101^-] direction with a lobe downward to the central hole of the unit cell in the first layer. The structural information obtained by first-principles calculations is in agreement with the experiment results. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the electronic structures of FePc molecules in one-monolayer FePc/Au(111) system are perturbed significantly, while the electronic structures of FePc molecules in the second monolayer in two-monolayer FePc/Au(111) system remain almost unchanged due to the screening of the buffer layer on Au(111).     

EUV and Magnetic Activities Associated with Type-I Solar Radio Bursts

Type-I bursts (i.e. noise storms) are the earliest-known type of solar radio emission at the meter wavelength. They are believed to be excited by non-thermal energetic electrons accelerated in the corona. The underlying dynamic process and exact emission mechanism still remain unresolved. Here, with a combined analysis of extreme ultraviolet (EUV), radio and photospheric magnetic field data of unprecedented quality recorded during a type-I storm on 30 July 2011, we identify a good correlation between the radio bursts and the co-spatial EUV and magnetic activities. The EUV activities manifest themselves as three major brightening stripes above a region adjacent to a compact sunspot, while the magnetic field there presents multiple moving magnetic features (MMFs) with persistent coalescence or cancelation and a morphologically similar three-part distribution. We find that the type-I intensities are correlated with those of the EUV emissions at various wavelengths with a correlation coefficient of 0.7?–?0.8. In addition, in the region between the brightening EUV stripes and the radio sources there appear consistent dynamic motions with a series of bi-directional flows, suggesting ongoing small-scale reconnection there. Mainly based on the induced connection between the magnetic motion at the photosphere and the EUV and radio activities in the corona, we suggest that the observed type-I noise storms and the EUV brightening activities are the consequence of small-scale magnetic reconnection driven by MMFs. This is in support of the original proposal made by Bentley et al. (Solar Phys. 193, 227, 2000).     

野外型断层活动连续监测系统

介绍野外型断层活动连续监测系统的组成、布设及主要技术指标。