面向本地市场的目的地旅游发展研究——以香港为例

通过对香港居民本地旅游消费行为的调查与访谈发现,家庭群体是本地旅游市场的消费主力,因此,本地居民虽然在单次旅游消费上表现为中低水平,但旅游活动的频率次数、人数规模都相当可观,同样成为了旅游目的地消费群体的主力构成。同时,居民本地旅游活动表现出自助活动为主、意愿偏好明显等消费行为特征,由此对旅游产品开发、公共交通设施、市场宣传营销以及旅游发展的社会公平都提出了不同于外地游客的要求,目的地的旅游发展必须在上述方面进行针对性地组织安排,才能实现对本地旅游消费市场的开拓发展,从而促成目的地旅游发展经济性和公平性的共同实现。     

Efficient encoding and spatial operation scheme for aperture 4 hexagonal discrete global grid system

Discrete global grid systems (DGGSs) are considered to be promising structures for global geospatial information representation. Square and triangular DGGSs have had the advantage over hexagonal ones in geospatial data processing over the past few decades. Despite a significant body of research supporting hexagonal grids as the superior alternative, the application thereof has been hindered partly owing to the lack of a hierarchy. This study presents an original perspective to combine two types of aperture 4 hexagonal discrete grid systems into a hierarchy. Each cell of the hierarchy is assigned a unique code using a linear quadtree that constructs the hexagonal quaternary balanced structure (HQBS). The mathematical system described by HQBS addressing and the vector operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, are defined. Essential spatial operations for HQBS cell retrieval, transformation between HQBS codes and other coordinate systems, and arrangement of HQBS cells on spherical surfaces were studied and implemented. The accuracy and efficiency of algorithms were validated through experiments. The results indicate that the average efficiency of cell retrieval using the HQBS is higher than that using other schemes, thus proving it to be more efficient.     

退耕还林还草工程对黄土高原植被总初级生产力的影响

采用Landsat解译的2000年和2015年土地利用/覆盖数据和VPM模型(Vegetation Photosynthesis Model)模拟的2000～2016年总初级生产力(Gross Primary Productivity, GPP)数据,识别出了近16 a黄土高原退耕还林还草的空间范围,并估算了GPP的年际变化趋势。在此基础上,对比分析了退耕区和未退耕区GPP年际变化的差异,从而揭示退耕还林还草工程对GPP年际变化的影响。结果显示,2000～2015年,黄土高原退耕还林还草面积约3.5万km2,占2000年耕地面积的16.8%。期间,GPP呈增加趋势,GPP显著上升区域占全区面积的67.3%,平均增速24.1 g/(m²?a)(以C计,下同)。虽然退耕区多年平均GPP低于未退耕区,但退耕区GPP年际增速和相对变化率明显高于未退耕区,分别提高了5.9 g/(m²?a)和1.5%。     

柴达木盆地西南缘新月形沙丘移动特征及其影响因素

柴达木盆地西南缘新月形沙丘连片分布、数量丰富、大小各异、形态多样,是开展沙丘动态演化研究的理想区域。基于2013年和2021年两期高分一号卫星影像和气象资料,分析了柴达木盆地西南缘沙丘区537个新月形沙丘移动、形态和区域风况特征,探讨了沙丘移动的影响因素。结果表明：(1)该区域新月形沙丘移动速率1.43～22.37 m·a^-1,平均移动速率7.23 m·a^-1,沙丘移动方向109.22°～171.28°,平均移动方向142.86°,整体呈NW-SE方向移动。(2)受低风能环境和西北偏西风的影响,该区域新月形沙丘移动速率相对其他沙漠较慢,移动方向与盛行风向基本一致。(3)受沙丘尺度的影响,该区域新月形沙丘越大,移动越慢,呈幂函数递减的关系。(4)该区域新月形沙丘分布密度、植被状况、地形起伏等在一定程度上影响沙丘移动速率。     

Spatio-temporal analysis of the human footprint in the Hengduan Mountain region: Assessing the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts

Mapping the human footprint(HF) makes it possible to quantify human influence, which has had an unprecedented impact on the global ecosystem. Using five categories of human pressure data, this study mapped the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region and assessed the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts. The results showed that the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region was generally higher in the south and lower in the north. The HF increased by 11.24% over the past 25 years, with faster growth in the southeast. The HF growth rate in nature reserves was much lower than that across the region, which indicated that nature reserves played an important role in reducing the impact of human pressure. A study of Baimaxueshan nature reserve found that establishing nature reserves could effectively reduce the impact of human activities, and no "leakage" occurred. Population growth was an important reason for the increased HF in nature reserves. The development of ecotourism in nature reserves must be based on ecological protection. Strengthening the long-term monitoring, evaluation, and management of nature reserves is a basic requirement for their long-term development.     

越南阮朝顺化皇城嵌瓷装饰景观特征及影响机理分析

采用实地考查、信息采集、测绘数据、文献整理等研究方法,以越南阮朝顺化皇城修复的主要宫殿为例,从文化地理学和设计学的角度提取识别越南顺化皇城空间格局、装饰题材、色彩配置的景观特征,揭示其与中国岭南嵌瓷装饰的内在关系及影响机理。结果表明：顺化皇城嵌瓷在岭南建筑装饰中融入本土文化,之所以形成越南官署嵌瓷样式,是因为相似的自然地理环境、中国建筑陶瓷的区际辐射和阮朝统治阶层的青睐等因素共同作用的结果,嵌瓷装饰的文化表征集巧丽繁缛于一体的,彰显出宗法礼教与国家意志的皇权空间特质,成为东南亚王宫建筑景观的典范。为推进“一带一路”的建设,活化中外文明交流互鉴的文化遗产提供参考。     

A Study of the Qianyanzhou Mode in a Subtropical Red Soil Hilly Region of China

Qianyanzhou is located in the heart of Jitai Basin in Guanxi town, the county seat of Taihe county in Jiangxi province. Qianyanzhou has a subtropical humid climate and exemplifies the geographic and geomorphologic characteristics of red soil hilly regions in southern China. In the early 1980s, to control soil and water loss and problems with grain yields, Qianyanzhou’s researchers proposed an innovative, comprehensive stereoscopic agriculture development mode known as the “Qianyanzhou mode”. This mode included a forest-livestock-food ecosystem, a forest-fruit-economy ecosystem, and a land-water compound stereoscopic system, all located within a watershed. In the Qianyanzhou mode, soil and water loss were completely controlled, thereby promoting environmental conservation and economic development. The state and the society as a whole supported this mode thanks to its far-reaching social impact. In the 21^st century, given new societal concerns and continuing economic development, Qianyanzhou mode has been restructured as two ecosystems of forest-fowl and planting-raising circular economies at landscape level, based on an increase in vegetation coverage from 4.3% to more than 80%. These improved modes can significantly enhance the ecosystem, reduce poverty, and to promote the construction of local ecological civilization. This study introduces the Qianyanzhou mode and summarizes its characteristics in different phases. We hope that the information in this study supports improvements to and promotion of the Qianyanzhou mode. We believe the Qianyanzhou mode can play an important role in efforts to modify the agriculture industrial structure, alleviate poverty, and construct ecological civilization.     

我国近期移动地图与互联网地图发展综述

我国移动地图与互联网地图逐渐成为地理信息与电子地图应用的主流趋势.该文从地图数据的组织与传输机制、可视化技术、在线地图服务以及导航各行业拓展应用等方面,总结了我国近期移动与互联网地图的研究进展,点评了目前发展中存在的若干问题,结合我国实际情况展望了其发展前景.     

基于分形的冰塔林形态模拟初探

冰塔林在低纬度高海拔地区的大型冰川上发育广泛, 如何评估其对冰川总体积的贡献意义显著.对冰塔林的形态特征进行了初步探讨, 结果表明: 东绒布冰川冰塔林呈现出分形特点, 其盒维数在1.3～1.9之间, 无标度区间约为40～160 m. 通过构建冰塔林消融模型, 认为冰塔林区域的整体消融率(约50%)不依赖于其地形参数的变化; 估计珠峰东绒布冰川冰塔林体积对冰川总体积的贡献率约为3.7%, 可以忽略.     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗地区古生界疑源类化石及其时代

内蒙古东部科尔沁右翼中旗地区出露一套古生代浅变质地层,长期以来在缺少大化石依据的前题下,仅依据岩性组合的区域对比,将其划归二叠系。近年结束的1∶5万区调,在该套地层中发现9属疑源类化石。将该9属疑源类化石与国内外已知时代地层的疑源类化石进行了对比研究,认为研究区发现的疑源类化石组合显示早寒武世的生物组合面貌,地层时代应厘定为早寒武世。研究区下寒武统的确定,为进一步研究大兴安岭中南段古生代地质构造演化提供了新的资料。