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社会主义宪法应该代表先进生产力的发展要求

根据“三个代表”的思想 ,社会主义宪法应该代表先进生产力的发展要求。中国的宪法发展说明 ,什么时候代表了中国先进社会生产力发展的要求 ,什么时候中国宪法就能健康发展     

在线地图集发布与服务系统的设计与实现

地图集作为反映一个地区或一种领域研究成果的地图集合,是测绘行业的一个重要组成部分,传统地图集编制与发布的成果多为纸质版,制作与发布周期比较长,更新速度慢。该系统对在线地图集发布与服务系统进行开发,有效地缩短了地图集编制时间,提高了地图集编制与发布的效率。在对整个系统进行了完整的设计后,对相关关键技术进行了研究,最后实现了整个系统的开发,并对系统主要功能做出展示。     

Conflict on the Range: Evaluating Driving Factors of Attitudes Toward Prey Species in Qilianshan

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a global conservation issue of increasing concern, and understanding the factors driving conflict is crucial for preventing or mitigating it. In many parts of China, large human populations and increasing development has led to an escalation in HWC with both carnivore and prey species. In this paper we assess herder attitudes toward blue sheep (Pseudaois nayaur, Hodgson, 1833), white lipped deer (Carvus albirostris, Przewalski, 1883), red deer (Cervus elaphus, Linnaeus, 1758), and marmot (Marmota himalayana Hodgson, 1841) through interview-based surveys conducted in 46 households across 8 villages in Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu, China. We also examine the perceived impact of three ecological-restoration policies (anti-grazing, sustainable grazing, and grass-planting policies) on livelihoods, and how this affects attitudes toward wildlife. Herders reported neutral attitudes toward wildlife species in general, but reported negative attitudes towards blue sheep. Mixed-effects modeling revealed that herder attitudes toward the target species varied significantly across villages, but other socioeconomic variables had limited explanatory power for attitudes. Furthermore, we found that while policy implementation was negatively perceived by herders, anti-grazing policy implementation and total policy implementation were positively correlated with positive attitudes toward wildlife, highlighting a potential gap between perceived threats and actual threats. Finally, we show that the leading cause of reported livestock death is preventable disease, alleviation of which may help improve attitudes toward wildlife.     

Star formation in the Cepheus Flare region – II. A-type stars associated with IRAS sources

In order to reveal the star-forming history of the molecular cloud complex we studied the intermediate mass stellar population in the Cepheus Flare region. (Paper I dealt with the distance and the young stellar object candidates of the region.) Correlating the IRAS Point Source Catalogue and Faint Source Catalogue positions with those of 1214 B8–A8 and 1760 F0–F5 type stars brighter than     and classified during an objective prism survey, we identified 19 stars showing far-infrared excess emission in the Cepheus Flare region. In addition to the 16 stars whose counterparts are given in the IRAS catalogues, we found three more stars with infrared excess not recognized before. In order to identify the young medium-mass stars associated with the Cepheus Flare molecular clouds we observed the optical spectra of the IR-excess stars, and using published optical photometry and the IRAS data we examined their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and IRAS two-colour diagram. The observations resulted in the discovery of a new Herbig Ae/Be star, BD +68°1118, coinciding with IRAS 21169+6842. More evolved HAe/Be stars may be SAO 19953, BD +67°1314 and BD +69°1231, whose H α lines showed weak emission components. Possible β Pictoris- or Vega-type stars may be HD 203854, HD 212826 and HD 216486, whereas the far-infrared fluxes at the positions of BD +72°1018, HD 210806 and HD 217903 can be attributed to the heating of the interstellar environment. We used distances and radial velocities of the stars derived from the spectroscopy and published optical photometry as indicators of their relations to the clouds. Information on the environment of the observed stars deduced from the diffuse interstellar band at λ 6613 is briefly discussed.     

植被生物量高光谱遥感监测研究进展

植被生物量的评估对于研究全球碳循环具有重大意义,而高光谱遥感技术为精确反演地表属性提供了重要的数据支持。针对如何更好地应用高光谱遥感技术进行植被生物量精确反演的问题,该文详细阐述了国内外应用高光谱技术估测植被生物量的研究进展。对反演植被生物量所涉及的数据源、反演模型的构建方法及其模型特点、反演模型应用对象等内容进行了综合评述,并通过分析认为,高光谱遥感技术较传统的多光谱遥感技术在生物量反演精度上有了显著的提高。同时,对建模方法、多源遥感数据融合以及模型通用性等方面的研究进行了展望,以达到在大尺度范围内对植被生物量进行准确反演的目的。     

北京市居民地铁出行出发时间弹性时空分布特征研究

伴随城市转型进程的加快,交通需求不断膨胀,导致大城市交通拥堵日趋严重,以调节出行者的选择行为为核心要素的交通需求管理理念成为相关政策的重要理论基础,但现有研究也表明,交通需求管理对出行弹性较高的出行具有显著调节作用,而对出行弹性较低的出行调节作用并不明显。因此,加强出行弹性等居民出行行为研究日益迫切,而公交刷卡数据等新的时空数据为居民复杂出行行为的挖掘提供了新的契机。本文利用北京市2014年3月地铁刷卡数据,以出行者出发时刻的可变性来测度出发时间选择的可改变程度,对居民地铁出行出发时间选择弹性进行测度,并结合GIS空间分析技术对其时空分布特征进行分析。研究表明：① 北京市地铁出行的居民出行弹性平均值为0.521,出发时间选择弹性整体上较大,表明北京居民出发时间选择相对较为灵活;② 北京市居民地铁出行弹性存在时空差异,居民个体休息日出行弹性高于工作日,一天中高峰时段出行弹性高于非高峰时段;③ 居民出行弹性存在空间自相关,倾向于在空间上发生集聚,存在明显的冷热点区域;内城居民的出行弹性明显高于城市外围居民。     

大型湖库滨岸带蓝藻水华堆积风险评估——以巢湖为例

淡水湖库富营养化与蓝藻水华是全球性的突出水环境问题,尤其是滨岸带严重蓝藻水华堆积甚至造成了水体黑臭、威胁饮用水安全等严重危害,科学评估滨岸带蓝藻水华堆积风险、精准识别蓝藻水华易堆积区域是水环境管理与研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题.本研究以我国长江中下游的大型浅水富营养化湖泊巢湖为研究对象,依托流域水文与湖泊水动力模拟、遥...     

滇西勐库地区退变质榴辉岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

滇西双江县勐库地区退变质榴辉岩呈构造透镜体产于湾河蛇绿混杂岩带内,该发现弥补了东特提斯造山带高压-超高压变质岩在云南境内的空缺。在岩石学观察的基础上,借助激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术,对退变质榴辉岩中的锆石开展了精确的U-Pb年龄测定。所测试的3件样品分别采自3个不同的露头:样品PM011-9-1采自勐库控角剖面,样品PM038-15-4采自勐库地界剖面,样品GH1612-1-1采自勐库根恨大寨。测年结果显示,样品PM011-9-1的23个测点中存在2组较集中的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,分别为801.0±9.8Ma和227.0±12Ma;样品PM038-15-4的26个测点中存在2组较集中的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,分别为447.5±3.6Ma和291.7±6.3Ma;样品GH1612-1-1的30个测点中存在一组较集中的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,为229.0±1.3Ma。结合区域资料及锆石阴极发光图像分析,801.0±9.8Ma应属退变质榴辉岩的原岩年龄,可能代表了Rodinia超大陆裂解早期出现的初始洋壳;而447.5±3.6Ma、291.7±6.3Ma和229.0±1.3～227.0±12Ma这3组年龄可能代表了退变质榴辉岩经历的3期变质作用年龄:分别为峰期硬柱石榴辉岩相的变质作用;中期角闪石榴辉岩相-高压麻粒岩相的退变质作用,为一个降压-增温的"热折返"过程;主期角闪岩相的退变质作用,是一个大幅度的降温-减压过程,奠定了勐库地区退变质榴辉岩的主体面貌。     

GPS RTK技术用于滑坡动态实时变形监测的研究

为了研究GPS RTK技术用于滑坡动态变形监测的精度和可靠性,本文结合某类滑坡的大型物理模型试验,在滑坡体上布设了若干监测点,并用GPS RTK技术、全站仪三维测量技术和GPS单历元定位技术实时跟踪监测了该滑坡在自然状态下从稳定到产生破坏的全部过程。通过对监测数据的处理和分析,获得了RTK技术用于滑坡变形监测的可靠性和精度等技术参数,即在基准站和流动站同步观测到的卫星数在7颗以上且RTK系统的数据链能够正常工作的情况下,RTK测量的平面和高程精度就能分别控制在15mm和20mm以内。研究结果表明,RTK技术在一定条件下完全可用于滑坡灾害的动态实时变形监测。