海上风机吸力式桶形基础承载特性研究综述

风机基础作为海上风机整体结构的重要组成部分,承受着上部风机所受到的风浪流荷载,并且对风机的安全性及可靠性至关重要。吸力式桶形基础由于其安装简单和可重复利用等优点,在海洋平台基础中得到了广泛应用,并逐步应用于海上风机基础中。但由于海上风机与海洋平台在海洋环境中的荷载工况有一定的差别,仍需要通过对其承载特性研究现状进行全面认识,以实现吸力式桶形基础在海上风机基础中的可靠应用。文中通过总结和评价现有研究对桶形基础在不同土体条件以及荷载条件下进行试验及数值模拟分析得到的研究结果,综述了静荷载和循环荷载作用下砂土和黏土中的吸力式桶形基础的承载特性研究现状,以及海上风机吸力式桶形基础的相关研究。文章展望了目前应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础仍缺乏的研究,为海上风机吸力式桶形基础的可靠应用及后续研究提供重要参考。     

2020年5月山东强对流天气特点及成因

2020年5月山东共出现13次强对流天气过程,其中8次出现冰雹,共15市（93.8%）81站（65.9%）出现降雹,单站最大降雹次数为4次。10次出现10级以上雷暴大风,5次出现短时强降水,强对流次数之多、范围之广、强度之大、灾害之重为近10年少见。其中,“5 ·17”强对流天气过程最为剧烈,其冰雹范围之广非常罕见,最大冰雹直径为4.5 cm,最大风速达36.6 m ·s^-1（12级）,最大雨强达56.9 mm ·h^-1。利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF）第五代大气再分析数据集（ECMWF Reanalysis v5,ERA5）和加密自动气象观测站、多普勒天气雷达、闪电定位等资料,对2020年5月山东强对流天气特点及强对流多发的原因进行分析,并以“5 ·17”强对流天气过程为例,对雷达回波特征和风暴内的垂直运动进行剖析。结果表明：（1）副热带高压强度偏强,一方面有利于其外围的西南暖湿气流到达山东,另一方面阻挡西风带系统,导致前倾槽强度偏强,长时间维持在山东上空;500 hPa异常偏强的暖高压脊前西北气流携带的冷空气叠加在850 hPa偏强的暖温度脊上空,造成山东上空长时间为位势不稳定大气层结。（2）在上述有利的天气背景下,山东上空水汽充沛,对流有效位能偏大,冀鲁豫3省交界处气旋式辐合偏强,鲁中地区稳定存在一条辐合线,容易触发产生强对流天气,造成山东5月强对流天气频发。（3）对流风暴高度组织化、区域性的超级单体群以及一条长度超过500 km的强飑线是造成“5 ·17”强对流的直接原因,对流风暴内部的上升速度高达28 m ·s^-1。     

Variations of methane stable isotopic values from an Alpine peatland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Acta Geochimica - Isotopic signature is a powerful tool to discriminate methane (CH4) source types and constrain regional and global scale CH4 budgets. Peatlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are...     

以用户为导向的交互式预报系统及应用研究

基于近年来涌现的有关新一代气象预报系统发展的认识,本文提出用户导向的交互式预报系统的概念模型。新系统强调在用户信息分析的基础上,发展从用户出发再回到用户不断自我改善的预报流程。系统组成的关键模块包括：用户端风险决策动态需求分析模块、物理预测模块、用户目标量的降尺度模块,用户端专业耦合模块及用户风险决策模块。文中阐述了系统中各模块间的联系、用户端信息在系统中的反馈作用以及具体的“交互式”方式。以临沂地区水文用户为例,以引发洪涝的降水事件为预报对象,利用TIGGE全球超集合预报,初步构建了一个临沂水文用户导向的可能致洪降水交互式预报系统。这个具备迭代式自我完善功能的新型预报系统包含了汛期随时变化的用户决策信息、由前期影响雨量和当前水文条件决定的可变致洪降水阈值以及一个动态的用户端预报水平和不确定性评估模块。初步结果表明,结合用户端信息的预报优于未考虑用户信息的预报结果,从而更直接地帮助用户进行防汛决策。个例研究也为发展更完整的用户导向预报系统提供了参考。     

2015年济南地区雾霾天气过程大气物理量特征初步分析

文中对比分析了2015年29个雾、霾及雾霾混合天气过程中,章丘探空站L波段探空雷达和山东省气象局院内德国14通道地基微波辐射计观测的温度资料。对观测数据实施了质量控制,检验了精度和可信度,统计分析了宏观物理参量特征和日变化规律。针对雾、霾及雾霾天气过程各选取了一个个例进行分析,分析了大气中PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO含量的变化情况,分析了相对湿度、液态水路径和综合水汽含量等的变化情况。结果表明:两种观测数据一致性较好,拟合优度高于0.97;贴地逆温层存在一定的季节变化,悬垂逆温层存在一定的差异,逆温层的变化、污染参量变化与雾霾的形成有密切关系;不同天气背景对大气物理参量有较大的影响,PM₁₀、AQI（空气质量指数）和CO均在相同时间段出现峰值,有明显的起伏;CO峰值雾霾天气中尤为明显,由早到晚随时间峰值逐渐增大,雾天和霾天峰值较小,雾霾天气明显大于雾天或霾天。     

The Influences of NAO and the Hudson Bay sea-ice on the climate of eastern Canada

Sea-ice cover over the Hudson Bay (HB) exhibits large variability in the freeze-up season normally starting in November. Its influence on the climate over eastern Canada has been studied with the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) in three steps. First, a 30-year continuous simulation from 1970 to 1999 was performed as a control run to evaluate the simulated climate variability over eastern Canada, in particularly variability associated with the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Then, 50 additional 1 month experiments were performed with modified sea-surface conditions prescribed over the HB. These integrations allowed us to quantify the contribution of HB sea-ice anomalies versus large scale NAO atmospheric variability (as defined by prescribed lateral boundary conditions) in inducing climate variability over eastern Canada. Results show that the NAO is the dominant factor controlling climate variability over eastern Canada. The contribution of HB sea-ice anomalies is significant only in the immediate coastal region. Under the influence of different phases of NAO, HB sea-ice anomalies do co-vary with temperature and precipitation anomalies downstream of the HB over eastern Canada. The ultimate cause of this co-variability is NAO variability which forces variability in both HB sea-ice cover as well as temperature/precipitation over eastern Canada.     

同位素地球化学在地震监测预测研究中的应用进展

随着新观测技术和理论的进一步发展,同位素地球化学方法在地震监测预测研究中发挥了越来越重要的作用。通过同位素地球化学方法确定地下流体来源,研究地下流体循环特征,分析地震前兆异常的成因,评估地质构造活动的程度,开展地震预测研究。同位素示踪技术还可以结合深源流体监测和地球物理方法,揭示地震孕育、流体与震源之间的关系。此外,同位素地球化学还可以构建断裂带流体地球化学背景特征,用于地震监测点映震效能的评估,提高地震监测预测的准确性,为地震新监测点的布设和震情跟踪提供技术支撑。通过对现今同位素在地震监测预测中所使用的方法、技术及国内外应用情况的总结分析,力图全面认识同位素地球化学在地震监测预测应用中的现状及发展趋势。     

GeoPW: Laying Blocks for the Geospatial Processing Web

Recent advances in Web‐related technologies have significantly promoted the wide sharing and integrated analysis of distributed geospatial data. Geospatial applications often involve diverse sources of data and complex geoprocessing functions. Existing Web‐based GIS focuses more on access to distributed geospatial data. In scientific problem solving, the ability to carry out geospatial analysis is essential to geoscientific discovery. This article presents the design and implementation of GeoPW, a set of services providing geoprocessing functions over the Web. The concept of the Geospatial Processing Web is discussed to address the geoprocessing demands in the emerging information infrastructure, and the role of GeoPW in establishing the Geospatial Processing Web is identified. The services in GeoPW are implemented by developing middleware that wraps legacy GIS analysis components to provide a large number of geoprocessing utilities over the Web. These services are open and accessible to the public, and they support integrated geoprocessing on the Web.     

Deformation characteristics of a large landslide reactivated by human activity in Wanyuan city,Sichuan Province,China

With the rapid urbanization, an increasing number of landslides have been induced by human activities. In this study, a typical human-induced landslide known as the Maobazi landslide, which was triggered by foundation pit excavation in Sichuan Province, China, was analyzed. An emergency investigation was carried out to detect the basic deformation characteristics, followed by implementations of multiple monitoring schemes and emergency control measures to monitor and control reactivated deposits. The reactivated deposits depicted rapid deformations with a maximum deformation exceeding 140 mm from July to September before the emergency control measures were completed. The reactivated deposits gradually settled and were finally controlled in 2019. The results showed that the 2019 Maobazi landslide was a large; reactivated landslide with a scale reached to 520 Mm³, which could result in catastrophic consequences if it slipped down to nearby residential areas.

     

基于外部形态特征的东南太平洋茎柔鱼种群结构研究

茎柔鱼是大洋性重要经济头足类,分布范围广泛,种群结构复杂。本文根据2008年5月～2009年10月对智利、秘鲁2个海区采集的茎柔鱼生物学样本,利用胴宽、鳍长、触腕长等11个外部形态指标与胴长之比,分析东南太平洋茎柔鱼种群结构组成及其差异,并建立相应的判别函数。研究认为,采集的渔获物样本中,初步可分为大型和小型2个种群。2个海区间大型群和小型群的外部形态特征差异显著,2个海区利用外部形态特征对种群判别正确率均在60%以上。研究认为,研究认为,外部形态特征可作为划分茎柔鱼种群结构的有效方法之一。