多星混合资料的定轨

在空间目标光学观测资料定轨中常常会遇到多个目标的观测被标记为同一个目标的情况,由于包含了多个目标的数据,定轨过程无法收敛或者完全错误.从极大似然估计角度,采用EM(Expectation Maximum)方法提出一种将轨道改进和识别过程相互融合的处理方法,并在具体实现过程中给出一种稳健估计方法.数值模拟表明方法简便、有效、可行.采用站间差历元差的手段,对当前电离层变化值进行求解与预测,可以将电离层延时误差的变化控制在一定范围,满足频率传递的要求.     

A new lunar absolute control point: established by images from the landing camera on Chang'e-3

The establishment of a lunar control network is one of the core tasks in selenodesy, in which defining an absolute control point on the Moon is the most important step. However, up to now, the number of absolute control points has been very sparse. These absolute control points have mainly been lunar laser ranging retroreflectors, whose geographical location can be observed by observations on Earth and also identified in high resolution lunar satellite images. The Chang'e-3(CE-3) probe successfully landed on the Moon, and its geographical location has been monitored by an observing station on Earth. Since its positional accuracy is expected to reach the meter level, the CE-3 landing site can become a new high precision absolute control point. We use a sequence of images taken from the landing camera, as well as satellite images taken by CE-1 and CE-2, to identify the location of the CE-3 lander. With its geographical location known, the CE-3 landing site can be established as a new absolute control point, which will effectively expand the current area of the lunar absolute control network by 22%, and can greatly facilitate future research in the field of lunar surveying and mapping, as well as selenodesy.     

Data processing and initial results from the CE-3 Extreme Ultraviolet Camera

The Extreme Ultraviolet Camera(EUVC) onboard the Chang'e-3(CE-3)lander is used to observe the structure and dynamics of Earth's plasmasphere from the Moon. By detecting the resonance line emission of helium ions(He+) at 30.4 nm, the EUVC images the entire plasmasphere with a time resolution of 10 min and a spatial resolution of about 0.1 Earth radius(RE) in a single frame. We first present details about the data processing from EUVC and the data acquisition in the commissioning phase, and then report some initial results, which reflect the basic features of the plasmasphere well. The photon count and emission intensity of EUVC are consistent with previous observations and models, which indicate that the EUVC works normally and can provide high quality data for future studies.     

PCVSAT单收站常见故障分析及处理

多年来,PCVSAT单收站为天气预报、气候研究、气象信息服务等工作作出了重要贡献.     

Research and Test of Real-time Search Algorithm of Fast Radio Bursts Based on GPU Acceleration

In order to satisfy the research need of Nanshan 25 m radio telescope of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory (XAO) and study the key technology of the planned QiTai radio Telescope (QTT), on the basis of the original CPU (Central Processing Unit)-based real-time search algorithm of FRBs (Fast Radio Bursts), we have studied the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)-based real-time search algorithm of FRBs, and built the corresponding real-time search system of FRBs. We have made the comparison and analysis on the GPU system and CPU system, the test result shows that under a given searching accuracy, the speed of the GPU-accelerated algorithm is improved by 35–45 times compared with that of the CPU algorithm.     

The Bootstrap Estimation of the Accuracy of Preliminary Orbit Determination

From the point of view of the non-parametric statistics, a general estimation method of the accuracy and con?dence interval of preliminary orbit determination is proposed for the occasion without any other information but observational data. Based on the bootstrap method, the estimation relies only on the observational data and does not require the precise orbit determination as a reference, or the assumption of normal distribution of observational errors. Numerical experiments show that this method is very simple in implementa- tion, and may serve as an easy accuracy evaluation for the preliminary orbit determination and for the follow-up employments.     

中国黄土高原塬区表层土壤水分盈缺状况的研究

陆地表层水分的盈缺直接关系到局地气候变化.本文利用黄土高原塬区初夏至盛夏期两次陆面过程野外试验(LOess Plateau land surface process field EXperiment 2005,LOPEX05和LOPEX06)的野外试验观测资料,分析了试验期间黄土高原白庙塬区不同下垫面的水分蒸散和表层土壤水分盈缺状况.结果表明:在土壤水分比较充足的条件下,植被蒸腾增加量在正午时的峰值为0.05 mm·h-1,而较大降水发生后的首个晴日.冬小麦地和裸地的蒸散分别可达4.60 mm·d-和3.70 mm·d-1.局地降水是影响陆面蒸散量变化的主要因素,而植被冠层的存在增加了陆面蒸散发量中的植物蒸腾量值.2006年4月下旬到7月中旬,裸地的水分缺失为16.3 mm·m2,冬小麦地的水分缺失为39.9mm·m2.其中缺失最严重的时间段为5月下旬到6月上旬,最大旬缺失量达16.5 mm·m2,7月上旬和中旬,由于降水季节来临,土壤水分有少量盈余.在2005年7月中旬至8月下旬,玉米地和裸地的水分盈余分别为17.9 mm·m2和25.3 mm·m2.不同时间尺度的统计均表明,降水不仅是影响陆面蒸散量的主要因素,而且也是表层土壤水分盈缺的决定性因子.     

2008年11月黑龙江省3次较大降雪过程云图对比分析

本文针对2008年11月2日、13日和15日3次较大降雪天气过程,从卫星云图应用等方面分析了3种不同的云系在降雪过程中的演变情况,并结合700 hPa高空网进行分析.初步得出3种不同云系出现大降雪的一些特征.     

基于ROACH的微波全息法相关机设计

基于ROACH开发平台设计了一套适用于微波全息法测量的高性能实时数字相关机,采用了带通采样技术,无需在相关机之前进行基带转换,使全息测量硬件系统更加简洁;采样速率为10 Mbps~1 000 Mbps可调,采用数字混频、数字滤波,信号带宽和频率分辨率都易于调整,具有很大的灵活性和可扩展性。测试结果表明该相关机测量精度高、稳定性好、准确可靠。     

丽江天文观测站全天相机介绍

全天相机作为一个对天文观测台站全天云量信息进行监视的工具,对天文观测的正常进行发挥着重要的作用,目前世界上主要天文台均配备有全天相机,为了满足对全天云量信息进行实时监视的需求,丽江天文观测站正式安装架设了一套全天相机系统。从硬件安装架设、软件调试到实际测试等方面,详细介绍了全天相机系统的设计方案以及遇到的问题,讨论了对问题的解决措施,重点介绍了根据天光亮度数值调整相机曝光时间的方法,这也是主要创新与特色之处。