黔东南暴雨气候特征及其地形影响

利用1960~2000年贵州省黔东南地区降水观测资料,统计分析黔东南地区暴雨时空分布特征,进一步揭示其活动规律及主要影响因素。结果表明:黔东南地区暴雨有显著年代际变化特征,存在准15年的周期变化,并与贵州降水和长江中下游降水呈同位相;存在两个暴雨多发中心,夜间暴雨较多。黔东南暴雨地域分布极为复杂,局地性暴雨较多,这与黔东南特殊地形有着密切关系,地形因素是影响黔东南地区暴雨的重要原因,对形成上述特征的气候学成因做了初步讨论。     

CLIMATE CHANGE: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND SHORT-TERM OSCILLATIONS

Identifying the Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstruction and instrumental data for the past 1000 years shows that climate change in the last millennium includes long-term trends and various oscillations. Two long-term trends and the quasi-70-year oscillation were detected in the global temperature series for the last 140 years and the NH millennium series. One important feature was emphasized that temperature decreases slowly but it increases rapidly based on the analysis of different series. Benefits can be obtained of climate change from understanding various long-term trends and oscillations. Millennial temperature proxies from the natural climate system and time series of nonlinear model system are used in understanding the natural climate change and recognizing potential benefits by using the method of wavelet transform analysis. The results from numerical modeling show that major oscillations contained in numerical solutions on the interdecadal timescale are consistent with that of natural proxies. It seems that these oscillations in the climate change are not directly linked with the solar radiation as an external forcing. This investigation may conclude that the climate variability at the interdecadal timescale strongly depends on the internal nonlinear effects in the climate system.     

一种基于人工免疫的图像分割算法

图像二维熵分割,一直因耗时长而限制了实际应用。本文借鉴生物免疫思想,提出二维熵图像分割的人工免疫算法。在克隆选择算法中引入疫苗的免疫接种,用于优化最优分割阈值对的搜索过程。在遥感高分辨率图像上的实验显示,该算法不仅能准确搜索到最优阈值对,而且计算时间只有传统算法的1.8%。该算法也验证了人工免疫思想用于图像分割的可行性和有效性。     

基于能量分析的地震损伤性能评估

结合能量分析法和文献[1]提出的钢筋混凝土框架结构“三水准”地震损伤性能目标,采用改进的双参数线性组合地震损伤模型,本文提出了基于能量分析的地震损伤性能评估方法;通过算例说明了本文提出的抗震性能评估方法不仅能够准确地分析结构在大震作用下的地震损伤性能,而且思路简洁、计算方便、可用于结构抗震性能评估;另外,本文提出的地震损伤模型具有较强的灵活性,可适用于不同钢筋混凝土构件和结构的抗震性能评估。     

海安地震台新场地的地电阻率广播干扰确定与排除

海安地震台新场地的地电阻率观测于2004年12月初步建成，在试观测期间发现地电阻率东西测向观测数据严重受农村广播干扰，这种干扰国内未见报道，本文初步分析和总结了这种干扰的特征、产生机理及干扰排除措施，对其他台站建设地电阻率观测台站有一定的指导意义。     

Characteristics of China’s oil and gas pool formation in latest geological history

The structural activities took place extensively in the Asia continent during the Cenozoic era owing to the strong continent-to-continent collision and continuous compression between the India Plate and the Eurasia Plate. Huang Jiqing called such structural activities Himalayan movement. China’s sedimentary basins developed and took shape mainly during the Himalayan movement period. It is also the main period for formation and development of the oil and gas reservoirs. Of 366 large and medium-sized oil and gas fields currently found in China, 212 reservoirs were formed in the Neogene-Quaternary period. The proportion is as high as 68.2%. The oil and gas migration and accumulation in the latest geological period, which were controlled by the times, properties, styles and strength of the Himalayan movement, took place mainly in eight regions, such as the low uplift area of Bohai Sea, the onshore faulted sag area of Bohai Bay, anticlinorium zone in Daqing, the foreland fold-and-thrust belt in West China, the tilted structural zone in West China, the cratonic palaeohigh in the Tarim Basin, the zone of fault and fold belt in the East Sichuan Basin, and the biological gas zone in the East Qaidam Basin. The oil and gas pool formations in those regions have their own characteristics. With the great potential and broad prospect, those regions are the main exploration areas in China in the future.     

山西洪洞ML5.0地震前后临潼台流体异常特征

采用滤波、拟合、去周期、五日均值等方法,对临潼台水氡、水温、水溶气资料进行了分析处理,得到以下认识:用提取异常方法对原始曲线进行处理后,地震前兆异常更加明显与突出,这些异常均属于短期和临震前兆异常;临潼台流体对2003年山西洪洞ML5.0地震有明显反映,其原因一方面由于此次地震距临潼台较近,另一方面也反映了临潼台所处构造位置比较特殊,位于映震的灵敏位置。     

中国石油大厦复合土钉支护现场监测与分析

桩锚与土钉复合支护在国内得到广泛地应用,但其分析理论和设计方法尚欠不足,实践远超过理论。结合北京中国石油大厦深基坑支护工程,介绍了桩锚-土钉复合支护内力的监测方案。通过对复合土钉支护中桩、锚杆、土钉受力的现场测试和分析,研究了桩锚-土钉复合支护各部分的受力机理,对深入认识桩锚-土钉复合支护的受力机理和桩锚-土钉复合支护结构的优化设计提供参考。     

湖南洛塔屋檐洞水库生态安全指标体系及综合评判

本文以DSR模型为框架建立了湖南洛塔屋檐洞水库生态安全评价指标体系,并引入缀块丰富度密度、聚集度、景观均匀性指数等景观生态学指数,采用层次分析和模糊评判有机结合的综合方法,从生态安全状态、压力、响应三个指标体系角度出发,具体分析了屋檐洞库区自然、社会、经济三方面的生态安全问题,对库区生态安全进行综合评价,评判出屋檐洞水库库区系统生态安全属于安全级别,并根据评价中间结果找出生态安全响应是洛塔中寨水电站建设的潜在生态危险因素,提出建立合理科学的生态补偿机制以及库区生态安全预警系统等对策.     

新疆西天山达巴特铜矿床地质特征和成矿时代研究

本文通过对西天山地区比较典型的达巴特斑岩铜钼矿床矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os的直接定年研究,结合区域地质演化和其他年代学资料,探讨了西天山赛里木和博罗科努地区斑岩铜多金属成矿带的成矿地球动力学背景和成矿机制。结果显示达巴特矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为301±20Ma,表明成矿作用发生于晚石炭世。矿床形成于别珍套—科古琴石炭纪岛弧带,成岩成矿与石炭纪巴音沟洋壳向南的俯冲作用密切相关,可能的成矿机制是由于洋壳向南对赛里木隆起带陆壳基底的俯冲,岛弧基底断裂系向北逆冲,导致一系列与斑岩矿床有关的中酸性岩浆活动,区域深大断裂为岩浆的上侵提供了条件。