Distribution Features of the Nanhua‐Sinian Rifts and their Significance to Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Tarim Basin

On the basis of reprocessing 34 new two-dimensional spliced long sections(20,191 km) in the Tarim Basin, the deep structure features of the Tarim Basin were analyzed through interpreting 30,451 km of two-dimensional seismic data and compiling basic maps. Seismic interpretation and geological analysis conclude that the Nanhua-Sinian strata are a set of rift-depression depositional systems according to their tectonic and depositional features. The rift valley formed in the Nanhua Period, and the transformation became weaker during the late Sinian Period, which eventually turned into depression. From bottom to top, the deposited strata include mafic igneous, tillite, mudstone, and dolomite. Three major depocenters developed inside this basin during the rift stage and are distributed in the eastern Tarim Basin, the Awati area, and the southwestern Tarim Basin. Among them, the rift in the eastern Tarim Basin strikes in the near east-west direction on the plane and coincides with the aeromagnetic anomaly belt. This represents a strong magnetic zone formed by upwelling basic volcanic rock along high, steep normal faults of the Nanhua Period. Controlled by the tectonic background, two types of sedimentary systems were developed in the rift stage and depression stage, showing two types of sequence features in the Sinian depositional stage. The Nanhua System appears as a wedge-shaped formation, with its bottom in unconformable contact with the base. The rifting event has a strong influence on the current tectonic units in the Tarim Basin, and affects the distribution of source rock in the Yuertus Formation and reservoir beds in the Xiaoerbulake Formation in Lower Cambrian, as well as the gypseous cap rock in Middle Cambrian. The distribution features of the rifts have important and realistic significance for determining the direction of oil and gas exploration in the deep strata of the Tarim Basin. Comprehensive analysis suggests that the Tazhong region is the most favorable zone, and the Kalpin-Bachu region is the optimal potential zone for exploring sub-salt oil and gas in deep Cambrian strata.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长期富烃坳陷形成的动力学环境与构造属性

鄂尔多斯盆地丰富的石油资源来自盆地南部中晚三叠世延长期富烃坳陷,其中贡献最大的长7段页状优质烃源岩以富铀、夹多层凝灰岩为特征。延长期大型富烃坳陷具南深北浅的坳陷型结构,内部接受统一的湖相沉积。在富烃坳陷的深湖-较深湖区,为优质烃源岩发育区;亦为烃源岩中较高铀含量(测井高伽马异常)和凝灰岩夹层较厚分布区,在位置上三位一体、彼此交互叠置。盆地上古生界-中侏罗统多层系高热演化区上下同位,早-中侏罗世多期持续沉降区先后叠置,均位于延长期富烃坳陷范围内。综合调查研究揭示,在延长期,特别是长7段沉积期间,各类深部物质上拱挤入构造(如砂岩墙(脉)、泥岩脊和热液碳酸盐岩结核)、同沉积变形构造(如断裂、褶皱、揉皱、滑塌、滑坡等(软)地层变形)和事件沉积(如浊流沉积、震积岩及湖底扇等)发育,主要分布在富烃坳陷深湖-较深湖区。在烃源岩等地层中,检测出多种指示深部热流体活动的岩石矿物和地球化学异常。深部探测显示,在富烃坳陷深部400km以上壳幔各界面呈上拱的结构特征。这表明延长期富烃坳陷和其中优质烃源岩是在构造活动明显、深部作用活跃的地球动力学环境中形成演化的,从深层次揭示了其形成条件与发育环境。延长期富烃坳陷与印支期秦岭造山带的形成演化及其岩浆活动,在空间上相邻、发育时限相当、演化阶段响应、活动兴衰同步,是在华北-扬子两大陆块汇聚碰撞,进而向板内构造环境转换的动力学环境中进行的。延长期富烃坳陷两次较长距离的沉积-沉降中心迁移,是对秦岭碰撞造山环境重大变革始发的响应和纪录。在南北两大陆汇聚碰撞过程中,在仰冲华北板块后陆地带深部积聚的巨量俯冲物质发生熔融和热量转换,促使该区深部物质过饱和聚集、热能及压力超常骤增,形成较小尺度地幔对流,熔融物质与热能上拱,引发地壳表浅层拱张破裂和侧向扩展,于是发生沉降,形成延长期具热-张性特性的富烃坳陷,称其为后陆盆地。后陆盆地与前陆盆地分别位于碰撞造山带两侧仰冲和俯冲板块临山一侧,但其构造属性有质的不同,油气赋存和成藏特征也差别较大。     

华北克拉通胶莱盆地马山地区早白垩世粗面英安岩岩石成因

伸展盆地、拉张断层以及伴生火山岩是华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄的地质响应,前两者通常源于中上地壳伸展活动,而后者则可能来自下地壳甚至地幔部分熔融。因此火山岩能够提供来自深部地壳、地幔及壳-幔相互作用的信息。胶莱盆地马山粗面英安岩成因及其与华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的关系仍存在争议。本文对马山粗面英安岩开展岩石学、全岩地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学以及Lu-Hf同位素研究,查明其SiO₂含量为65.73%~66.08%,K₂O含量为3.13%~4.03%,全碱含量为7.56%~8.15%,属于高钾钙碱性系列。锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为119.3±1.6Ma,与胶莱盆地早白垩世伸展变形时间一致。ε_Hf（t）值为-24.6~-11.5,两阶段Hf模式年龄为2700~1200Ma,表明岩浆源区为改造的古老下地壳并混有富集地幔物质。岩石相对富集K和Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素,LREE/HREE比值较高,无明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.94~1.02）,表明岩浆可能源于下地壳的部分熔融,因此,马山粗面英安岩可能是富集地幔与部分熔融的下地壳相互混染的产物。研究认为早白垩世高角度俯冲的古太平洋板片大规模回撤,胶莱盆地快速伸展断陷伴随青山群火山岩喷发,随后演化形成张性火山盆地。     

EOF重构声速剖面对深水多波束的声速改正分析

声速误差是多波束水深地形测量主要误差源之一,通常采用现场声速剖面测量的方式加以改正,但在深远海多波束水深地形测量时,现场获取全深度的声速剖面并非易事。针对这一问题,利用东南印度洋海洋调查工作中采集到的17个站位的CTD数据,将所有站位声速剖面拓展到全深度,采用经验正交函数分析法(Empirical Orthogonal Functions,EOF)构建调查区声速剖面场,可获得声速剖面场内任意一点的声速值。然后通过EOF重构声速剖面场获得的声速值对测区内多波束水深地形数据进行改正,并与实测声速剖面对多波束水深地形数据的改正结果进行对比,结果表明,5000 m水深范围内2种声速改正结果相差很小,EOF重构法对深水多波束的声速改正满足水深测量的要求。     

全程可控性定向挂线术治疗高位肛瘘的临床研究

目的：观察全程可控性定向挂线术治疗高位肛瘘的临床疗效。方法：将60例高位肛瘘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。治疗组采用全程可控性定向挂线术治疗,对照组采用常规切开挂线术治疗。观察2组综合疗效、疼痛评分、Wexner便秘评分、肛管静息压（ARP）、肛管最大收缩压（AMCP）、创面愈合时间及脱线时间。结果：总有效率治疗组为93.33%（28/30）,对照组为100%（30/30）,2组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后第8～14天及第15～21天治疗组视觉模拟评分量表（VAS）评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2组术前及术后1个月Wexner便秘评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但术后3个月治疗组Wexner便秘评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2组术后ARP及AMCP较术前均有所下降,但治疗组较对照组下降幅度小,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2组创面愈合时间及脱线时间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：全程可控性定向挂线术与传统切开挂线相比,在维护肛门形态、减轻术后疼痛和保护肛门括约肌功能方面有明显优势。     

我国海域无缝垂直基准面的选择

介绍了椭球面、大地水准面、平均海面和海图深度基准面的定义。系统分析了潮汐基准面和大地水准面不适合作为无缝垂直基准面的原因,及以椭球面作为无缝垂直基准面的合理性和可行性,并建议选择WGS84椭球面作为我国海域的无缝垂直基准面。     

美洲黑石斑鱼含肉率及肌肉营养成分分析

利用常规肌肉营养测试方法,测定分析了美洲黑石斑鱼的含肉率及肌肉营养成分。测定结果显示,美洲黑石斑鱼含肉率平均值为(73.71±1.93)%,肌肉(鲜样)中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分和粗灰分含量分别为(19.09±1.34)%,(6.14±1.76)%,(71.86±1.58)%和(1.32±0.17)%;美洲黑石斑鱼肌肉中被测出的常见氨基酸(色氨酸未测定)有17种,其中包括7种必需氨基酸、2种半必需氨基酸和8种非必需氨基酸,其氨基酸含量占鲜体质量的百分比分别为(8.27±0.21)%,(1.84±0.08)%和(10.15±0.31)%,17种氨基酸总含量为(20.26±1.13)%(鲜样)。谷氨酸(Glu)含量占鲜体质量的百分比最高,为(3.27±0.16)%,其次是天冬氨酸(Asp)和赖氨酸(Lys),胱氨酸(Cys)含量占鲜体质量的百分比为最低,仅为(0.27±0.01)%。4种鲜味氨基酸含量占干样的(29.32±0.14)%。鲜样的美洲黑石斑鱼必需氨基酸总量占氨基酸总量的比值为40.82%,干样的为40.81%;鲜样的必需氨基酸总量与非必需氨基酸总量的比值为81.48%,干样的为81.43%,其构成符合FAO/WHO的标准。同时计算出的美洲黑石斑鱼肌肉蛋白质氨基酸评分(AAS)均大于1,化学评分(CS)均大于0.7,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)达到91.18,高于多数海产经济鱼类,说明它能为人体提供大量必需氨基酸,且其组成接近人体的氨基酸需要量模式。美洲黑石斑鱼肌肉中主要含有16种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)7种,含量占肌肉脂肪酸总量的(38.66±1.22)%;不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)9种,含量占肌肉脂肪酸总量的(61.36±0.98)%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)5种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)4种。多不饱和脂肪酸中的人和动物生长发育必需的脂肪酸EPA和DHA含量,分别占总脂肪酸的(9.02±0.59)%和(11.73±0.43)%。-ω3族与-ω6族PUFA总量的比值为5.30。分析表明,美洲黑石斑鱼肌肉含肉率高,含有较多的粗蛋白和粗脂肪,氨基酸总量及鲜味氨基酸含量均较高,是一种优质蛋白源;美洲黑石斑鱼肌肉富含PUFA,尤其是EPA和DHA含量丰富,并且∑n3/∑n6值较高,因而具有较高的食用营养价值和保健功效,是一种具有广阔市场前景的优良养殖品种。     

Microsatellite DNA polymorphisms and the relation with body weight in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The relationship between microsatellite polymorphism and body weight of captive bred Chinese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was investigated in two local populations in Dalian.Among ten loci discovered, nine show changes except for A J07 loci. Seven loci were found highly polymorphic in both populations. For each locus in two populations, the average number of alleles is 6.428 6 and 6.285 7, the average observed heterozygosity at 0.225 7 and 0.245 9, the expected heterozygosity at 0.776 8 and 0.748 8, the polymorphism information content (PIC) at 0.709 2 and 0.674 6, respectively. Further analysis show significant correlation between A. japonicus body weight and occurrence markers AJ02 and AJ04. The findings of the relation may be helpful for molecular breeding,as well as the marker-assisted selection of sea cucumbers.     

Analysis of raft foundation design based on considering influence of superstructure stiffness

The finite element method was used for analysis of raft foundation design in high-rise building. Compared with other conventional methods, this method is more adapted to the practical condition since both superstructure stiffness and soil conditions were considered in calculation. The calculation results by example show that the base reaction is more uniform and the maximum reaction decreases obviously. Accordingly, the raft foundation design is more economic without any loss of security for high-rise building.     

ISO9660光盘文件系统在COSIX操作系统上的实现

分析了COSIX文件系统的主要结构和工作原理,阐述了CD-ROM文件系统的组成结构和实现原理。在COSIX文件系统的基础上设计和实现了光盘文件系统,为用户提供了一致的访问方式,访问符合IS09660标准的CD-ROM上的文件。