大连蜈蚣藻孢子发育及生活史的研究

在实验室条件下,对大连蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao)的孢子早期发育、盘状体的形成和直立枝生长进行了详细研究,对其生活史进行了详细观察,并进行了温度和光照强度对孢子发育影响的研究。结果表明:(1)孢子发育类型为间接盘状体型;(2)生活史由雌、雄配子体、四分孢子体和果孢子体三相世代组成,配子体与孢子体形态相同,属于同型世代交替,与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致;(3)温度对盘状体和直立枝生长均有影响,最适温度均为16℃;(4)光照强度对盘状体和直立枝生长均有影响,最适光照强度分别为7 500 lx和10 000 lx。     

Variations of Hydrodynamics and Submarine Groundwater Discharge in the Yellow River Estuary Under the Influence of the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme

The “Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme” (WSRS) is critically important to the hydrologic evaluation of the Yellow River estuary since a huge pulse of water and sediment are delivered into the sea during a short period. We used the natural geochemical tracers radium (²²³Ra, ²²⁴Ra, ²²⁶Ra) and radon (²²²Rn) isotopes as well as other hydrological parameters to investigate the mixing variations and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the Yellow River estuary under the influence of the 2013 WSRS. Dramatically elevated radium and radon isotopic activities were observed during this WSRS compared with activities measured during a non-WSRS period. Radium “water ages” indicated that the offshore transport rate nearly tripled when the river discharge increased from 400 to 3400 m³/s. We calculated the SGD flux in the Yellow River estuary based on a radium mass balance model as well as radium and radon time-series models. The SGD flux was estimated at 0.02~0.20 m/day during a non-WSRS period and 0.67~1.22 m/day during the 2013 WSRS period. The results also indicate that large river discharge tends to lead more intense SGD along the river channel direction with a large amount of fresh SGD.     

唐山市海岛岸滩旅游环境质量评价

海滩作为宝贵的滨海旅游资源,其质量问题越来越受到关注,海滩质量评价不仅能为海滩使用者提供帮助,也为提高旅游海滩质量提供指导方法。唐山市砂质岸滩资源丰富,岸线总长度约50 km,几乎全部位于海岛,砂质细腻。参考国内外质量评价标准,选取25个评价因子(自然因子12个,社会因子13个)对唐山市海滩进行评价,综合来看,海滩质量以祥云岛最好,龙岛次之,其余海岛均表现为一般。     

全球气候变化背景下深圳海域海洋环境响应及对策

全球气候变化对人类社会和经济建设产生了广泛而深刻的影响。伴随着近期明显的全球气候变化趋势,在过去30年的短暂时间里,沿海城市深圳从一个小渔村迅速发展成中国的第四大城市,也由此伴生出现了诸多海洋相关的环境和经济问题。文章对全球气候变化以及人类活动影响下深圳周边海域的气候与环境的变迁及其风险进行了探讨,并提出了相应的对策,包括建设海洋观测网络、宣传教育、将气候变化纳入环境评估体系、主动干预等。海洋环境的可持续性是保障深圳市经济健康发展的关键条件之一,相关的结论也为全球关键城市气候变化的风险评估和管理提供了借鉴。     

Calculation method for thickness of discontinuous boundary layer of engineering pavement

The boundary layer is a buffer layer of water and heat exchange between the atmosphere and permafrost.Based on the atmospheric boundary layer and heat transfer theory,we established a method for determining the boundary layer thickness of engineering pavement(asphalt and sand pavement)in permafrost region.The boundary layer can be divided into the Boundary Layer Above Surface(BLAS)and the Boundary Layer Below Surface(BLBS).From in-situ monitoring data,the thickness of BLAS was determined through the laminar thickness,and the thickness of BLBS was determined through ground temperature,the heat conduction function,and the mean attenuation function(α).For asphalt pavement,the BLAS thickness varied between 2.90 and 4.31 mm and that of BLBS varied between 28.00 and 45.38 cm.For sand pavement,the BLAS thickness varied between 2.55 and 3.29 mm and that of BLBS varied between 15.00 and 46.44 cm.The thickness varied with freezing and thawing processes.The boundary layer calculation method described in this paper can provide a relatively stable boundary for temperature field analysis.     

Analysis of the contribution of multiple factors to the recent decrease in discharge and sediment yield in the Yellow River Basin,China

The Yellow River basin is well known for its high sediment yield. However, this sediment yield has clearly decreased since the 1980s, especially after the year 2000. The annual average sediment yield was 1.2 billion tons before 2000, but has significantly decreased to 0.3 billion tons over the last 10 years. Changes in discharge and sediment yield for the Yellow River have attracted the attention of both the Central Government and local communities. This study aimed to identify the individual contributions of changes in precipitation and human activities (e.g. water conservancy projects, terracing, silt dams, socio-economic and needs, and soil and water conservation measures) to the decrease in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. The study used both improved the hydrological method and the soil and water conservation method. The study focused on discharge analysis for the upper reaches and the investigation of sediments for the middle reaches of the river. The results showed that discharge and sediment yield have both presented significant decreasing trends over the past 50 years. Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend over the same period. The annual average discharge decreased by 5.68 billion m³ above Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2012; human activities (e.g. socio-economic water use) contributed 43.4% of the total reduction, whereas natural factors (e.g. evaporation from lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) accounted for 56.6%. The decrease in annual discharge and sediment yield of the section between Hekouzhen station and Tongguan station were 12.4 billion m³ and 1.24 billion tons, respectively. Human activities contributed 76.5% and 72.2% of the total reduction in discharge and sediment yield, respectively, and were therefore the dominant factors in the changes in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River.     

Non-capacity transport of non-uniform bed load sediment in alluvial rivers

Rivers often witness non-uniform bed load sediment transport. For a long time, non-uniform bed load transport has been assumed to be at capacity regime determined exclusively by local flow. Yet whether the capacity assumption for non-uniform bed load transport is justified remains poorly understood. Here, the relative time scale of non-uniform bed load transport is evaluated and non-capacity and capacity models are compared for both aggradation and degradation cases with observed data. As characterized by its relative time scale, the adaptation of non-uniform bed load to capacity regime should be fulfilled quickly. However, changes in the flow and sediment inputs from upstream or tributaries hinder the adaptation. Also, the adaptation to capacity regime is size dependent, the finer the sediment size the slower the adaptation is, and vice versa. It is shown that the capacity model may entail considerable errors compared to the non-capacity model. For modelling of non-uniform bed load, noncapacity modelling is recommended, in which the temporal and spatial scales required for adaptation are explicitly appreciated.     

大地电磁测深（MT）与土壤氡气测量在涡阳地区地热勘查中的应用

为了研究涡阳地区深部构造和热源条件,在高炉镇附近进行了大地电磁测深(MT)测量和土壤氡气测量工作。通过对大地电磁测深结果和土壤氡气浓度异常分布范围分析和解释,指导区内地热勘查工作。通过资料解释,基本查明区内构造的走向及其垂向延展特征,查明基底起伏变化情况并了解深断裂的控制性,预测地热成矿区有利地段。研究证明,利用MT与土壤氡气测量对隐伏断裂位置和地热异常具有较好的指示意义。     

省市级基础地理信息框架数据联动更新探究

基于潍坊市寿光基础地理信息数据库建设更新工程与省地理信息公共服务平台框架数据更新工程,探索了省市基础地理信息框架数据联动更新的工作模式,提出了通过建立多比例尺基础框架数据的方式,建立省市基础框架数据库的联系,通过增量更新的模式完成省市两级基础框架数据库联动更新的方法。     

伊犁盆地伊昭井田煤层煤质特征研究

伊昭井田位于伊犁盆地中西部,煤层资源储量36亿t。赋煤层位为侏罗世水西沟群西山窑组,共含煤12层,其中可采煤层6层,3号煤层和5号煤层为井田主采煤层。对各煤层特征进行了研究,总结了各煤层特征及赋存规律及各煤层煤质特征及工业利用方向。对指导伊犁盆地的煤炭勘查、开发利用及生产布局具有积极意义。