Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions derived from satellite-tracked drifter data

The muhiyear averaged surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions are studied. The data used are trajectories and （1/4） ° latitude by （1/4） ° longitude mean currents derived from 323 Argos drifters deployed by Chinese institutions and world ocean circulation experiment from 1979 to 2003. The results show that the Kuroshio surface path adapts well to the western boundary topography and exhibits six great turnings. The branching occurs frequently near anticyclonic turnings rather than near cyclonic ones. In the Luzon Strait, the surface water intrusion into the South China Sea occurs only in fall and winter. The Kuroshio surface path east of Taiwan, China appears nearly as straight lines in summer, fall, and winter, when anticyclonic eddies coexist on its right side; while the path may cyclonically turning in spring when no eddy exists. The Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan often occurs in fall and winter, but not in summer. The running direction, width and velocity of the middle segment of the Kuroshio surface currents in the East China Sea vary seasonally. The northward intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water southwest of Kyushu occurs in spring and fall, but not in summer. The northmost position of the Kuroshio surface path southwest of Kyushu occurs in fall, but never goes beyond 31 °N. The northward surface current east of the Ryukyu Islands exists only along Okinawa-Amami Islands from spring to fall. In particular, it appears as an arm of an anti- cyclonic eddy in fall.     

A numerical scheme for morphological bed level calculations

The typical equation for bed level change in sediment transport in river, estuary and near shore systems is based on conservation of sediment mass. It is generally a nonlinear conservation equation for bed level. The physics here are similar to shallow water wave equations and gas dynamics equation which will develop shock waves in many circumstances. Many state-of-art morphological models use classical lower order Lax–Wendroff or modified Lax–Wendroff schemes for morphology which are not very stable for long time sediment transport processes simulation. Filtering or artificial diffusion are often added to achieve stability. In this paper, several shock capturing schemes are discussed for simulating bed level change with different accuracy and stability behaviors. The conclusion is in favor of a fifth order Euler-WENO scheme which is introduced to sediment transport simulations here over other schemes. The Euler-WENO scheme is shown to have significant advantages over schemes with artificial viscosity and filtering processes, hence is highly recommended especially for phase-resolving sediment transport models.     

三种数学模型在海洋经济预测中的应用

根据可得的海洋经济统计数据,采用三种数学模型对2007年至2010年中国主要海洋产业的产值进行了预测,通过对历史数据拟合的比较,认为ARIMA模型拟合度较差,三次指数平滑法的拟合精度居中,灰色系统拟合误差最小。     

海南近海野生鞍带石斑鱼群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用RAPD技术分析海南近海野生鞍带石斑鱼群体的遗传多样性,从48个随机引物中筛选出20个引物对鞍带石斑鱼的DNA进行扩增,结果共检测出131个位点,其多态位点比例(P)为48.09%;利用RAPDdistance1.04软件获得海南野生鞍带石斑鱼群体21个个体间的遗传距离矩阵,依此计算出个体间平均遗传距离(D)为0.2650,个体间平均遗传相似系数(S)为0.7350;利用POPGENE1.3软件计算出Shannon遗传多样性指数(H0)为0.2266;与其他种类的石斑鱼群体的RAPD分析结果比较可知,海南近海野生鞍带石斑鱼群体仍保持着较丰富的遗传多样性.因此在海南发展鞍带石斑鱼的养殖业,可以选择海南近海的野生鞍带石斑鱼作为亲本进行人工繁殖,但应采取一些有效的保护措施,以避免遗传多样性的丧失.     

几种大型珍珠贝人工苗网箱式中间培育的研究

采用网箱式和传统式2种方法,在3个不同类型的海区(内湾性的陵水县黎安港、半开放性的雷州市流沙港、开放性的三亚市六道湾),进行几种大型珍珠贝人工苗的中间培育.经90d的中间培育后,结果表明:网箱式培育与传统式培育相比较,几种珍珠贝的生长速率和成活率都有较大幅度的提高.其壳高生长速率的增幅分别为:珠母贝18.9%、18.2%、19.9%;大珠母贝22.8%、20.6%、23.5%;企鹅珍珠贝21.8%、20.7%、21.7%;均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜0.01).成活率的增幅分别为:珠母贝175.0%、147.9%、133.9%;大珠母贝172.8%、159.0%、127.4%;企鹅珍珠贝122.5%、118.2%、102.2%,均为差异显著(P＜0.05)或差异极显著(P＜ 0.01).     

利用VC++封装MATLAB6.5C++数学库探讨测量平差软件的开发

根据测量数据处理的特点：常常要面对大量的矩阵运算和海量的数据处理,尤其是矩阵的相乘和求逆。通过对vc＋＋6．0和MATLAB6．5特点的分析,探讨了利用Vc＋＋调用MATLAB6．5C／C＋＋数学库快速开发测量平差软件的必要性和可行性,简要地总结和分析了两者联合编程的实现方法。较详细地介绍了作者用VC＋＋调用MATLAB6．5C／C＋＋数学库开发测量平差软件的过程,解决了高程网间接平差的计算。     

长江和黄河入海沉积物不同粒级中长石/石英比值及化学风化程度评价

长石/石英(F/Q)比值是评估碎屑沉积物化学风化强度的传统指标.在长江大通站和黄河利津站及相应河口区各取9个沉积物样品,将其<125 μm的部分按1间隔分离成7组不同的粒级,用X-ray衍射法半定量分析测定了全样和不同粒级沉积物中石英和长石的相对含量,计算了长石/石英(F/Q)、钾长石/石英(Fk/Q)、斜长石/石英(Fp/Q)比值,据此评估了长江和黄河入海沉积物化学风化强度随粒级的变化.结果显示取自黄河样品的F/Q,Fk/Q和Fp/Q比值在总体上显著高于长江样品,与长江流域的化学风化强度高于黄河的结论一致,可以作为流域沉积物化学风化强度替代指标.长江样品的F/Q,Fk/Q和Fp/Q比值随粒级变细持续变低,黄河样品则呈波动式下降.黄河样品的F/Q高出长江样品的部分主要发生在＜32 μm的细粒级,在粗粒级区间差别很小,当沉积物粒级下降到一定区间后F/Q差异出现快速增加,显示长江流域沉积物的风化程度高于黄河主要发生在较细粒级.上述比值在黄河样品的2～4 μm粒级中高出长江样品3～5倍,是凸显两河化学风化强度差别的敏感粒级,也可以作为两河物源示踪的指标.     

《中国改革开放30年地图集》选题研究与创意设计

紧紧围绕"纪念改革开放30年"这一主题,对展示内容的设计和地图表现方法进行了深入的研究与实践,总结出一套行之有效的设计思想,可供类似工作参考.     

重力异常辅助惯性导航中匹配区提取方法

由于重力场中的重力异常数据是以格网的形式表示的,它与地形的DEM在数据结构上有一定的相似性.因此可借鉴一些数字地形分析的方法,提取重力场的特征区域(匹配区)用于辅助惯性导航.首先,对重力场进行特征提取,通过对特征的比较分析选取其中的某些因子作为重力场特征因子;然后,利用等值线方法对重力场特征数据进行区域分割,提取栅格特征数据区域的矢量边缘,并对这些矢量表示的区域进行聚类处理;最后,利用凸壳算法提取这些区域的凸壳范围线,获得重力异常变化比较显著的区域(匹配区).从而为重力匹配辅助导航提供了必要的参考数据.     

Evaluation of the integrated multi-satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement over the Tibetan Plateau

The availability of high-resolution satellite precipitation measurement products provides an opportunity to monitor precipitation over large and complex terrain and thus accurately evaluate the climatic, hydrological and ecological conditions in those regions. The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) mission is an important new program designed for global satellite precipitation estimation, but little information has been reported on the applicability of the GPM’s products for the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The object of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM(IMERG) Final Run product under different terrain and climate conditions over the TP by using 78 ground gauges from April 2014 to December 2017. The results showed the following:(1) the 3-year average daily precipitation estimation in the IMERG agrees well with the rain gauge observations(R~2=0.58, P0.01), and IMERG also has a considerable ability to detect precipitation, as indicated by a high probability of detection(78%-98%) and critical success index(65%-85%);(2) IMERG performed better at altitudes from 3000 m to 4000 m with a small relative bias(RB) of 6.4%. Precipitation change was not significantly affected by local relief;(3) the climate system of the TP was divided into four climate groups with a total of 12 climate types based on the K?ppen climate classification system, and IMERG performed well in all climate types with the exception of the arid-desert-cold climate(Bwk) type. Furthermore, although IMERG showed the potential to detect snowfall, it still exhibits deficiencies in identifying light and moderate snow. These results indicate that IMERG could provide more accurate precipitation data if its retrieval algorithm was improved for complex terrain and arid regions.