粤桂地区白垩纪中期安山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

华南沿海地区存在丰富的白垩纪岩浆活动记录.粤桂地区作为华南沿海的重要组成部分,其白垩纪安山岩的出露数量虽然有限,但对于揭示晚中生代大陆边缘的构造性质具有特殊意义.选取广西玉林、广东连平的安山岩作为研究对象,结合前人对广东仁化地区样品的研究成果,应用岩相学、同位素年代学、地球化学等多种分析方法,对上述岩石开展系统研究.结...     

农业地理学发展述要

本文以动态观点,提纲挈领地论述我国以及西欧、北美和苏联等主要国家近代农业地理学的发展过程。主要的传统研究是以地域为单元来探讨农业生态、土地利用、粮食生产与供应,农业地域类型和农业区划,编写区域农业地理志和农业图集等。作者认为农业地理学是典型的边缘科学,它是农业科学又是地理科学的组成部分。它的主要研究对象是农业经济活动的地域系统,它的形成过程,结构特征和发展规律。根据我国现代化建设的要求,在90年代我国农业地理学将着重研究:农业发展的资源基础,人口与粮食平衡,农业生产和劳动力的结构变化,农村工业化和贫困山区脱贫致富问题。     

青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学及其地质意义

青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩分属阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂带,宗务隆构造带和苦海-赛什塘带。阿尼玛卿带正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)样品具有较高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(t)比值(0.7066～0.7084)、高的ε_(Nd)(t)(12.2～12.8)和较低的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb初始值(17.72～17.79)。这些同位素特征类似于秦岭勉略蛇绿岩带的N-MORB以及印度洋低~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb高~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd N-MORB。该带中的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值为0.7036～0.7044,ε_(Nd)(t)=4.4～4.8,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.45～17.62。其Sr和Nd同位素比值可与印度洋代表热点构造的洋岛玄武岩对比,但~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb低于印度洋的热点构造玄武岩,因此,具有类似印度洋低~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值MORB同位素特征。宗务隆构造带的N-MORB的Sr同位素比值在0.7041～0.7058,ε_(Nd)(t)=6.1～8.4,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.51～17.90,划归高~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值的N-MORB。苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩显示了高的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr同位素比值(0.7115和0.7104)和低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-1.7和-2.5),其~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb(17.64和17.46)与上述大洋玄武质岩石无显著区别。上述各岩类的同位素特征反映了它们生成的构造环境和陆壳组分混染的程度。阿尼玛卿带的N-MORB代表了典型的来自亏损地幔源区的洋中脊产物。与勉略带同类岩石可能来自同一源区。OIB可能属于热点构造成因的洋岛产物并与MORB一起构成了阿尼玛卿洋洋壳。宗务隆带MORB同样代表了主要源自相对亏损地幔的洋脊产物并指示宗务隆带曾开裂成洋。苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩极高的Sr和低的Nd同位素比值是陆壳物质组分的强烈印记,这与该类火山岩发育在前寒武纪基底之上不无关系。结合本区大洋玄武岩普遍低的Nb/U和Ce/Pb比值,推测它们可能源自EMII与DMM物质的交代混合。按照习惯的想法,明显的Dupal异常(△~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb值=46～103和△~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb值=4～18;大多样品~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr>0.704)指示这些岩石在空间上代表了来自南半球印度洋位置的古洋壳残余。但是,北半球愈来愈多的Dupal异常的发现有可能指示它们是类似现今东南亚多洋岛构造历经"汇聚式(focused)俯冲"的产物。此外,宗务隆带MORB的Dupal异常指示本区古特提斯域的北界较先前所定还要北推200km。     

三维地电模型数值模拟中视电阻率真假异常特征分析

本文概要介绍了三维数值模拟中双网格系统的剖分方法,并通过几种典型模型的有限单元法三维数值模拟计算（网格单元电导率分块均匀、电位三线性变化）,充分揭示了对称四极电阻率测深法三维地电模型视电阻率真假异常的分布规律,分析了产生真假异常的原因,并研究了真异常的形态与引起真异常的地质体位置的关系。     

60ka来腾格里沙漠东南缘风成沉积与沙漠演化

对腾格里沙漠东南缘风成沉积相典型剖面(中卫南山剖面)年代的测定,建立了60 ka以来腾格里沙漠演化的时间序列,并结合各地层粒度组分分析结果认为60 ka以来腾格里沙漠演化共经历了5个阶段。60~20 ka B.P.,腾格里沙漠的范围远没有到达现在的位置;20~10 ka B.P.,沙漠向东南方向大规模扩展,奠定了东南缘现代沙漠环境的格局;8.1~5.2 ka B.P.,沙漠东南部得到固定,沙漠范围缩小;11~8.1ka B.P.与5.2 ka B.P.至现代两阶段和现代沙漠环境接近。     

东秦岭钼矿带成岩成矿背景及时空统一性

东秦岭钼成矿带呈近东西向沿华北大陆南缘地球化学边界展布,矿化表现为等间距北东向成串产出。在洛南－栾川地区深部是一个轴向近东西向且向西倾伏的幔向斜,其走向控制了华北块体南缘地球化学边界。沿北北东向的重力梯度带方向上,刚性的结晶基底发生隐性的构造破裂组合或不均匀调整作用。它们与古大祟边缘相平行的深断裂束互相叠加,形成状分布的深断裂组合,控制了壳幔同熔型花岗岩浆的侵位、形成一系列中酸性小岩性。含矿岩石类型主要有花岗斑岩、石英二长岩,构成了巨量的钼、钨、锌、铜、金矿化集中区。成矿地质背景和同位素年龄表明,控岩控矿构造与岩浆活动发生在燕山期,具有时空统一性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹油田永宁探区长6储层特低渗成因及主控因素

综合应用测井资料和铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、粒度分析等资料,对志丹油田永宁探区长6储层的特低渗透成因和主控因素进行了分析。结果表明：研究区长6储层特低渗透成因主要受沉积作用和成岩作用的双重影响,主要表现为沉积微相对储层物性的影响较大,水下分流河道砂层的物性好于河口坝沉积砂体,河口坝沉积砂体的物性好于分流间湾砂体沉积;成岩压实作用和胶结作用使得储层物性变差,成岩溶蚀及蚀变作用和成岩缝的产生对储层的特低渗物性的改善有积极作用。     

EVIDENCE FOR ABRUPT CLIMATIC CHANGES ON NORTHWESTERN MARGIN OF EAST ASIAN MONSOON REGION DURING LAST DEGLACIATION

Based on investigations of the Zhongwei Nanshan aeolian section situated in the southeastern margin of Tengger Desert, carbon-14 and TL (thermoluminescence) dating results and paleoclimatie proxies such as magnetic susceptibility and grain size, we inferred that the northwestern margin of East Asian monsoon region experienced abrupt climatic changes during the last deglaciation. Six oscillation events were identified: Oldest Dryas, Bφlling, Older Dryas, Allerφd, Intra-Allerφd Cold Period (IACP) and Younger Dryas (YD). The summer monsoon was weaker during Oldest Dryas and Younger Dryas when the winter monsoon was stronger. However, during the B/A (Bφlling/Allerφd) period, the summer monsoon strengthened, reflected by magnetic susceptibility, when the winter monsoon also became strong, which is different from the paleoclimatic pattern established in the East Asian monsoon region. Furthermore, the summer monsoon was nearly in phase with the climate changes inferred from the oxygen isotopic records of     

1961–2011年中国南方地区极端降水事件变化(英文)

Based on the daily precipitation from a 0.5°×0.5° gridded dataset and meteorological stations during 1961–2011 released by National Meteorological Information Center, the reliability of this gridded precipitation dataset in South China was evaluated. Five precipitation indices recommended by the World Meteorological Organization(WMO) were selected to investigate the changes in precipitation extremes of South China. The results indicated that the bias between gridded data interpolated to given stations and the corresponding observed data is limited, and the proportion of the number of stations with bias between –10% and 0 is 50.64%. The correlation coefficients between gridded data and observed data are generally above 0.80 in most parts. The average of precipitation indices shows a significant spatial difference with drier northwest section and wetter southeast section. The trend magnitudes of the maximum 5-day precipitation(RX5day), very wet day precipitation(R95), very heavy precipitation days(R20mm) and simple daily intensity index(SDII) are 0.17 mm·a–1, 1.14 mm·a–1, 0.02 d·a–1 and 0.01 mm·d–1·a–1, respectively, while consecutive wet days(CWD) decrease by –0.05 d·a–1 during 1961–2011. There is spatial disparity in trend magnitudes of precipitation indices, and approximate 60.85%, 75.32% and 75.74% of the grid boxes show increasing trends for RX5 day, SDII and R95, respectively. There are high correlations between precipitation indices and total precipitation, which is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.     

连云港某软土基坑滑坡分析与整治方法研究

针对连云港某软土基坑围护不当导致的基坑滑坡事故,采用钻探、取样、室内试验、水平位移监测等手段,查明基坑侧壁软土的物理、力学性质,分析滑坡产生的原因,通过多种方法综合确定基坑侧壁软土滑动带的位置,提出滑坡整治措施,并对整治结果进行分析验证。