视觉比例尺对建立心像地图的影响

地图并不是地面实际情况的简单缩小的拷贝,它是人类依据不同需要对地面事物认识后进行抽象和概括的地面模型。比例尺不仅确立了图面与实地之间的几何比例关系,而且反映了人类对空间认知抽象的程度。地图作为人类进行空间认知的有力工具,其地位从来就没有被其它的事物所动摇过,究其原因是地图的空间表达方式比其它表达方式更适合人类的思维。心像地图是人脑在综合了或智能处理了各种感觉所获得的诸多信息后产生的内部表征。而地图又是诸多信息源中最为重要的一种形式。本文通过视觉感受到心像的形成过程、分析心像地图的特性,提出了适应视觉感受因素的视觉比例尺的概念,并分析了视觉比例尺对建立心像地图的影响。     

筑堤土防渗性状试验研究

结合淮河入海水道河道工程,通过渗透变形试验确定了筑堤土料的渗透变形型式、临界水力坡降和允许坡降,同时指出了采用泓道开挖土筑堤的施工控制措施、质量要求和防渗措施。     

Forest landscape patterns dynamics of Yihe-Luohe river basin

Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin. These indices include patch number, mean patch area, fragment index, patch extension index, etc. The results showed that: (1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area. The fragment degree became very high. (2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes. The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999. The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, non-forest, shrub forest, sparse forest, and Quercus species forest increased rapidly, but that of economic forest became zero. The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted. (3) The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomorphic regions. From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area, the gross number and the density of patch, diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines, but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased. In hilly region, both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999, but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly. In mountain region, even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999, the patch number was increased greatly, the mean area of all patch types was reduced, the extension index, diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased. Furthermore, because of different types of land use, human activity and terrain, the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different. According to these analyses, the main driving forces, such as the policies of management, market economy, influence of human activities etc. are brought out.     

Statistical simulation analysis of the correlation between the annual estimated key regions with a certain seismic risk and the earthquakes in China

IntroductionEarthquake prediction is still one of most difficult problems in the world although the researches on it in China have been done for more than 30 years. A lot of experience, however, has been accumulated and some theoretical study on earthquake prediction conducted so that some prediction could be issued prior to earthquakes to obtain real effectiveness of mitigating disasters from these earthquakes to some extent, in China. The annual national consulting convention of earthquake …     

Geochemistry of khondalites from the central portion of North China craton (NCC): implications for the continental cratonization in the Neoarchean

Within the high-grade metamorphic basement, the central portion of North China Craton (NCC), a group of Neoarchean khondalites (KS) is identified. They are characterized by large ion lithophile elements (LILE) enrichment, lower abundances of Zr, Hf and Sr. Their rare earth element (REE) distribution has significant LREE enrichment and negative Eu anomalies. The protoliths of KS are interpreted as feldspathic quartzite, shale or pelite and carbonite, deposited in a shallow sea upon cratonic shelf distant from the land. KS's source region might be dominated by granitic rocks, with a minor amount of TTG, underwent comparatively severe chemical weathering. Considering relevent tectonic constraints, we suggest that khondalites from central portion of NCC, an important metamophosed sedimentary cover, are the most significant exogenetic marker of Neoarchean continental cratonization for NCC.     

横向土运动作用下群桩的性状研究

以有限元与有限差分相结合,对横向土运动作用下的群桩工作性状,产生群桩效应的临界桩距、桩数及排列、桩顶边界条件等影响因素作出分析;并对沿桩排的应力分布作出初步探讨。     

资源环境信息系统集成平台的设计、实施与应用

“数字地球”概念的提出对地理信息系统的集成开发提出了新的要求。针对目前一些主流的地理信息系统数据库设计及系统集成技术,比较分析了不同解决方案的特点及存在的问题,并通过具体实例,展示不同方案的实际应用效果。为实用型的地理信息系统应用软件的设计和实施提供参考。     

1979-1999全球天测与测地VLBI观测资料处理结果与讨论

采用国际地民服务（ＩＥＲＳ）１９９６年规范和上海天文台甚长基线干涉测量（ＶＬＢＩ）资料分析软件,对自１９７９年８月以来全球约２９００次天测与测地ＶＩＢＬ实验进行了综合归算,得到６０１颗河外射电源在Ｊ２０００．０的坐标、１０１台站在Ｊ１９９７．０的坐标和运动速度、以及约２０年地地球定向参数序列。与国际相关结果的比较表明,归算结果不存在显著系统差。通过对归算结果的分析,指出目前国际上评估天球参考架局部     

近相接双星室女座BF的轨道周期变化

收集了近相接双星ＢＦ Ｖｉｒ的光极小时刻,并对其轨道周期进行分析。结果表明该星的轨道周期在长期减小的财时也含有３０年的周期性变化,对引起轨道周期变化的各种物理机制的分析研究表明：一个质量为０．２８１Ｍ⊙、绕公共质心的轨道半径为１０．２ＵＡ的第３天体的存在能对轨道周期的周期性变化成份作出解释,如果轨道周期的周期性变化成份是由于次子星的周期性磁活动引起,那么系统总光度就应该有振幅０．０９７Ｌ⊙的周期性     

洞庭湖中枯水期水情变化及其驱动因素

为揭示洞庭湖中枯水期水情变化特征及其驱动因素,采用长短期记忆神经网络模拟洞庭湖出湖流量及湖区水位,通过情境模拟开展水情变化归因分析。洞庭湖1992—2019年9—10月出湖流量大幅减少,主要受长江流量降低的影响。洞庭湖中枯水期水位主要呈下降趋势,其中9—10月平均水位在西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖降幅约1 m,在东洞庭湖降幅约2 m。地形变化对中枯水期水位主要起拉低作用,长江和流域四水流量变化在9—10月起拉低作用、在12月至次年3月起抬升作用,其中对东洞庭湖水位的影响相对更为显著。研究结果可为洞庭湖中枯水期水资源管理和湿地保护提供参考。