裂隙充填型天然气水合物的各向异性分析及饱和度估算——以印度东海岸NGHP01-10D井为例

沿裂隙发育的天然气水合物是印度深水盆地细粒沉积物中水合物的重要产出方式,水合物以结核状或脉状充填在高角度裂隙中.天然气水合物主要沿着构造主应力方向生成,由于裂隙的存在,含水合物的沉积物层呈现各向异性.利用孔隙介质中水合物呈均匀分布的速度模型计算的NGHP01-10D井水合物饱和度高达40%,而压力取芯表明水合物饱和度占孔隙空间的20%左右.为了研究水合物饱和度差异,基于层状介质的各向异性模型计算了裂隙充填型水合物的饱和度.在垂直井孔中,由于波入射角与裂隙倾角有关,考虑裂隙倾角变化,利用纵波和横波速度同时反演水合物饱和度和裂隙倾角.利用层状介质模型计算的水合物占孔隙空间的15%～25%,裂隙的倾角在60°～90°,多为高角度裂隙.在NGHP01-10D井中,纵横波速度联合计算的饱和度与压力取芯结果吻合更好.     

OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台建设中的应用研究

简要介绍了OGC服务规范,归纳总结了多种常用的OGC服务的接口规范及各自特点,结合地理信息公共服务平台的若干建设原则分析阐述了OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台中的应用模式,并以WMTS（网络地图分块服务）为例,通过与WMS（网络地图服务）的对比研究,论证了WMTS的优势.依据WMTS的接口规范,开发了基于Esri公司的ArcGIS API的应用平台,实现了利用开放地理信息服务—天地图WMTS作为数据源进行测试,验证了OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台建设中的作用.     

《遥感概论实验》课程教学改革与实践

本文结合"遥感概论实验"课程的具体实践,以突出地物反射特性、地物热辐射特性和后向散射特性三条主线为出发点,基于互联网免费卫星遥感数据,建设遥感教学资源数据库,并科学构建实践教学内容体系,开展以项目教学为引导的遥感课堂教学方法和新的考核方式改革等手段,促进学生创新思维和综合运用遥感能力的培养,提高遥感实践课程的教学质量。     

The Impact of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on the Summer Temperature in Central Asia

The current work examines the impact of the snow cover extent (SCE) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the interannual variation in the summer (June?July?August) surface air temperature (SAT) over Central Asia (CA) (SAT_CA) during the 1979?2019 period. The leading mode of the summer SAT_CA features a same-sign temperature anomalies in CA and explains 62% of the total variance in SAT_CA. The atmospheric circulation associated with a warming SAT_CA is characterized by a pronounced high-pressure system dominating CA. The high-pressure system is accompanied by warm advection as well as descending motion over CA, favoring the warming of the SAT_CA. Analysis shows that the interannual variation in the summer SAT_CA is significantly positively correlated with the April SCE over the central-eastern TP. In April, higher than normal SCE over the central-eastern TP has a pronounced cooling effect on the column of the atmosphere above the TP and can persist until the following early summer. Negative and positive height anomalies appear above and to the west of the TP. In the following months, the perturbation forcing generated by the TP SCE anomalies lies near the western center of the Asian subtropical westerly jet (SWJ), which promotes atmospheric waves in the zonal direction guided by the Asian SWJ. Associated with this atmospheric wave, in the following summer, a significant high-pressure system dominates CA, which is a favorable condition for a warm summer SAT_CA.     

浙江白垩纪镰刀龙类恐龙

浙江白垩系中戴组和赖家组地层先后发现镰刀龙超科(Therizinosauridae)恐龙骨骼化石,证明镰刀龙类恐龙生活区域不仅遍及蒙古、哈萨克斯坦、中国华北、东北、华南及北美西部等地,而且也包括中国的华东。这类曾长期令人困惑的奇异动物,随着近一个世纪的化石材料积累和研究,逐渐显现出它们的演化过程,即由食肉性恐龙演化成以素食为主,也许还兼肉食的杂食性恐龙。随着食物来源的扩展,镰刀龙类成为白垩纪分布很广、对环境适应性很强、演化十分成功的恐龙。浙江天台盆地发现的始丰天台龙(Tiantaisaurus sifengensis)脊椎骨骼化石上的气囊构造(pneumaticity),说明其虽体态硕大,但骨骼结构并不很笨重,而是与现代鸟类骨骼很接近。尽管还不能确定恐龙的气囊能像鸟类的那样可作为呼吸系统的重要部分,但其减轻体重、提高行动灵活性的作用是毋庸置疑的,并再一次证实了恐龙与鸟类在演化上关系密切。     

东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析

东天山黄山岩带因发育众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体和岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床而备受地质学者关注。四顶黑山岩体位于该岩带最东端,具有层状岩体特征;岩石类型有单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石角闪岩、辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、闪长岩,主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、透辉石、普通角闪石和斜长石,岩体分异较好,蚀变较发育。通过矿物显微结构特征观察以及计算得出:四顶黑山岩体中橄榄石最先结晶,其开始结晶温度大约在1419℃左右;古铜辉石和透辉石在橄榄石之后开始结晶,结晶温度分别在1100℃左右和900～1100℃之间,两矿物相在岩石中可以共存。岩体中橄榄岩相、苏长岩相发育,以及贵橄榄石+古铜辉石的矿物组合特征,表明岩体具有形成铜镍(铂)矿床的有利条件。     

新疆塔什库尔干斯如依迭尔铅锌矿区花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

对塔什库尔干斯如依迭尔铅锌矿点与成矿作用有关的花岗闪长岩开展了系统的年代学、岩石地球化学研究工作。LA-ICP MS 锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗闪长岩成岩年龄为12.7±0.13Ma,与前人在塔什库尔干地区获得的苦子干和卡日巴生岩体(11Ma)年龄在误差范围内相一致,表明斯如依迭尔铅锌矿点成矿作用发生于喜山期;岩石地球化学分析结果表明,它们为弱过铝质,具富Al、K,属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,相对富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素(LILE)、亏损Zr、Y、Ta、Nb等高场强元素(HFSE)和稀土总量相对较高,形成于造山后伸展构造体制。区内独特的成矿特征,是青藏高原西北缘构造 转换带对主碰撞带造山作用过程响应的记录;区内独特的成矿事件,是该区在喀喇昆仑走滑断裂系统早期挤压、晚期拉张影响下,是强烈的富碱岩浆活动和成矿作用的产物。区内主干断裂及其次级断裂常常控制富碱岩浆岩体及相关矿床定位和分布。     

Granule ripples in the Kumtagh Desert,China: Morphology,grain size and influencing factors

Granule ripples are found mainly in four regions of the Kumtagh Desert in China; they are characterized by an asymmetrical shape, with gentle lower slopes on both sides and abrupt crests. The ripples tend to be oriented perpendicular to the prevailing winds, except when they form near obstacles such as yardangs. The wavelengths (λ) range between 0·31 m and 26 m and heights (h) range from 0·015 m to 1 m. The relationship between wavelength and height can be described by a simple linear function, and the mean ripple index (λ/h) is about 20·4 for the study sites. The sediments are poorly sorted, with negative to very negative skewness at lee and stoss slopes and between‐ripple troughs, which confirms the ‘poured in’ and ‘shadow’ appearance described by previous researchers. The bimodal or trimodal distributions of grains (with modes of ?1·16φ, ?0·5φ and 3·16φ) and the enrichment of coarse particles at the ripple surface (with coarse granule contents ranging between 5·2% and 62·1%) indicate that the underlying layer is the original sediment source and that the granule ripples resist erosional processes. Although the impact of saltating particles and, consequently, the creep and reptation of coarse grains are responsible for granule ripple initiation at a micro‐scale, however, the characteristics of local sediments, wind regimes and topographical obstacles, as well as the feedbacks among bedform and airflow, more strongly affect the development and alignment of granule ripples at a macro‐scale.     

赣北石门寺矿区钨多金属矿床成矿地质条件

赣北石门寺矿区位于下扬子成矿省江南地块中生代铜钼金银铅锌成矿带中.根据区域地质背景和矿床地质特征,详细分析了矿区围岩、母岩和控矿断裂等成矿地质条件.矿区钨多金属矿床的围岩为晋宁晚期黑云母花岗闪长岩,判断为新元古代在不成熟陆壳基础上发育而成的火山弧同碰撞过程中形成的S型花岗岩;燕山中期似斑状黑云母花岗岩、细粒黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩为成矿母岩,属硅、铝过饱和钙碱性岩石,为九岭岩基在陆内碰撞挤压环境下熔融、同源演化而成的S型花岗岩;石门寺断裂与仙果山—大湖塘－狮尾洞基底断裂的交叉部位控制着矿区燕山中期含矿花岗岩的侵位和钨多金属矿床的分布,为矿区的控矿断裂.     

河南大冶矿区晚石炭世岩相古地理特征及铝土矿找矿方向

河南大冶铝土矿区晚石炭世早期处于古岛高地之间的滨岸潟湖沉积环境。中奥陶统以后,经历了160Ma风化剥蚀,在碳酸盐岩的侵蚀面上发育了钙红土铁、铝、硅风化壳。晚石炭世本溪期,海侵作用使矿区所在区域变为滨岸潟湖沉积环境,沉积相出现滨湖相、浅滩相、浅湖相、浅海相、滨岸沼泽相等5种;晚石炭世晚期形成海陆交互相的复理石沉积建造,将早期形成的铝土矿完整保存下来。今后铝土矿的找矿工作应重点放在浅滩-浅湖岩相带、含铝岩系相序发育相对完全的地段、含铝岩系厚度大且稳定的区段,并注意含铝岩系的表生富集作用。