“青藏高原南部空白区基础地质调查与研究”计划项目新成果、新进展

通过2 0 0 4年度各相关图幅的大力工作,在基础地质、矿产和资源等方面取得了大量实际材料,综合研究区域构造地层格架、青藏高原地质图和青藏高原南部火山岩及其地球动力学意义等,取得重要进展和新认识,在矿产资源、旅游和人文景观等方面也取得重要阶段性成果。     

1∶25万吐错幅、江爱达日那幅、黑虎岭幅、多格错仁幅地质调查成果与进展

地层古生物方面,在原鲁谷组灰岩和火山岩层位之下新发现一套以类复理石沉积为主的深水沉积物,特别是“冰水杂砾岩”;解体了测区南部前泥盆系“戈木日群”浅变质岩系,大部分厘定为二叠系;新发现一套出露较完整的三叠系地层剖面;南羌塘新建3个组级岩石地层单位。构造方面,“中央隆起带”是龙木错双湖构造带的一部分;测区双湖构造混杂岩带的南北边界均为大型韧性剪切带所分割;新发现上三叠统若拉岗日群岛弧相火山岩;测区南北向新构造调查取得重要进展。油气资源方面,新发现较大规模的沥青脉和几处稠油、油页岩显示点。     

1∶25万亚热幅、普兰县幅、霍尔巴幅、巴巴扎东幅(国内部分)地质调查成果与进展

在雅鲁藏布江南带分区蹬岗组之上新发现硅质岩与玄武岩两套地层,分别新建为郭雅拉组和盐多组,时代为始新世;在北带分区嘎学组之下发现一套砂岩、页岩的韵律层,新建为桑果组;建立了仲巴分区泥盆纪系马攸木群,分上、中、下3个组和4个岩性;对石炭纪地层新命名为康拓组和拉沙组;将下二叠统变质玄武岩命名为才巴弄组;将原划冈仁波齐组中下部与沃马组下部地层新命名为旦增竹康组,时代为中新世,其上部地层仍为沃马组,时代为上新世,两组合称岗仁波齐群。进一步证实了雅鲁藏布江缝合带具两带夹一微陆的特点,南带在中侏罗世发生过双向俯冲事件。对蛇绿岩、混杂岩进行详细划分。     

1∶25万那曲县幅地质调查成果与进展

地层方面,将测区地层划分为冈底斯腾冲地层区和班公错 怒江结合带,班公湖 怒江结合带中又划分出聂荣微地块和觉翁 余拉山 下秋卡混杂带两个小区;按变质岩调查方法解体了聂荣地块;对原大面积分布的拉贡塘组进行了有效的解体;新建立嘎加组;恢复了郭曲群;将木嘎岗日岩群解体出3个岩组。岩石方面,在测区南部新发现了一套晚二叠世—早三叠世蛇绿岩。构造方面,构造单元表现为各组 下秋卡结合带和桑雄那曲 麦地卡板片的构造格局;新发现达仁乡夺列蛇绿岩体。     

1∶25万色达县幅、阿坝县幅地质调查成果与进展

着重调查了以阿坝盆地为代表的青藏高原东缘新生代盆地的形成演化及其环境变化,新建立了若干生物组合;对第四纪冰川堆积物进行了比较细致的研究,初步建立了气候地层单位;首次于壤塘县曼迪乡上三叠统侏倭组的滑塌堆积层中,采获异地埋葬珊瑚群化石,建立三叠纪双壳类两个生物带;调查了侏倭组、新都桥组、如年各组3个岩石地层单元基本层序、剖面韵律结构及沉积构造;获得若末柯火山岩和小石头山花岗岩Rb Sr等时线年龄。     

1∶25万福贡县幅、丽江市幅、腾冲县幅、大理市幅、潞西市幅、凤庆县幅地质调查成果与进展

认为牛井山蛇绿构造混杂岩与铜厂街蛇绿岩相当;新建石鼓蛇绿构造混杂岩;沿怒江断裂带多处发现硅质岩、浅变质玄武岩及砂板岩复理石建造;澜沧江构造带东侧发现大量火山岩;结晶基底中有大量变形变质古老花岗岩类。     

湖泊湿地生态地球化学评价的标准体系

湖泊湿地生态地球化学评价的研究重点为湖泊湿地生态系统中的重金属、植物营养元素及一些有机污染物,评价标准体系相应地包括水质基准、营养物基准、水体沉积物质量基准、饮用水卫生标准、土壤环境质量标准、食品卫生标准、湖泊水库富营养化标准等。     

地质微生物地球化学作用的意义与展望

概要论述了地质微生物学、地下水微生态学、微生物地球化学作用的基本概念、研究内容、研究现状、科学意义、关键问题、发展前景和在地下水环境保护中的作用。该研究领域不仅拓宽了整个地质科学的研究范畴,而且推动了地质科学的发展,具有一定的创新性。     

Analysis on Bearing Capacity of Tunnel-Type Anchorage of a Long-Span Suspension Bridge

INTRODUCTION Tunnel typeanchoragehasobviousadvantages inbearingcapacityversusinvestment(LiuandHu,1996).However,itisrarelyusedinapracticalpro jectbecauseofitsrequirementofgoodrockcondi tions.Siduhebridge(Fig.1),whichliesintheBa dongmountainsinthewestplatea…     

Analysis of pressuremeter geometry effects in clay using critical state models

The conventional interpretation methods of pressuremeter testing effectively approximate pressuremeter membranes as infinitely long. As a result, the effects of the two‐dimensional geometry of pressuremeters are ignored, leading to an overestimation of soil shear strength by pressuremeter testing, as demonstrated in several previous studies. This paper presents results of a numerical study of two‐dimensional geometry effects on self‐boring pressuremeter tests in undrained clay. The results are obtained using critical state soil models with an effective stress formulation. This is in contrast to most (if not all) existing studies on pressuremeter geometry effects, which were based on perfectly plastic soil models (e.g. Yu (Cavity expansion theory and its application to the analysis of pressuremeters. DPhil Thesis, The University of Oxford, 1990), Yeung and Carter (Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Pressuremeters, 1990), and Houlsby and Carter (Géotechnique, 1993; 43 (4):567–576)). The present study suggests that the overestimation of soil strength due to the neglect of finite pressuremeter length is significantly affected by the soil model used in the calculations. It is found that for clays with a high overconsolidation ratio (OCR) the strength overestimation predicted using critical state soil models could be considerably smaller than that predicted using perfectly plastic soil models. The main conclusion of this numerical study is that care must be exercised before directly applying any numerically determined pressuremeter geometry correction factors in practice. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.