Application of satellite infrared data for mapping of thermal plume contamination in coastal ecosystem of Korea

The 5900 MW Younggwang nuclear power station on the west coast of Korea discharges warm water affecting coastal ecology [KORDI report (2003). Wide area observation of the impact of the operation of Younggwang nuclear power plant 5 and 6, No. BSPI 319-00-1426-3, KORDI, Seoul, Korea]. Here the spatial and temporal characteristics of the thermal plume signature of warm water are reported from a time series (1985-2003) of space-borne, thermal infrared data from Landsat and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. Sea surface temperature (SST) were characterized using advanced very high resolution radiometer data from the NOAA satellites. These data demonstrated the general pattern and extension of the thermal plume signature in the Younggwang coastal areas. In contrast, the analysis of SST from thematic mapper data using the Landsat-5 and 7 satellites provided enhanced information about the plume shape, dimension and direction of dispersion in these waters. The thermal plume signature was detected from 70 to 100 km to the south of the discharge during the summer monsoon and 50 to 70 km to the northwest during the winter monsoon. The mean detected plume temperature was 28 degrees C in summer and 12 degrees C in winter. The DeltaT varied from 2 to 4 degrees C in winter and 2 degrees C in summer. These values are lower than the re-circulating water temperature (6-9 degrees C). In addition the temperature difference between tidal flats and offshore (SSTtidal flats - SSToffsore) was found to vary from 5.4 to 8.5 degrees C during the flood tides and 3.5 degrees C during the ebb tide. The data also suggest that water heated by direct solar radiation on the tidal flats during the flood tides might have been transported offshore during the ebb tide. Based on these results we suggest that there is an urgent need to protect the health of Younggwang coastal marine ecosystem from the severe thermal impact by the large quantity of warm water discharged from the Younggwang nuclear power plant.     

山东半岛海上丝绸之路支点城市建设研究

习近平总书记提出的建设"21世纪海上丝绸之路",是促进沿途各区域加快发展的重大机遇。抓住时机积极推动山东海上支点城市建设,对于深化山东省改革开放意义重大,有利于我国经济从单边开放转向多边开放。青岛、烟台、威海地处"山东半岛蓝色经济区"战略的核心位置,是"丝绸之路经济带""21世纪海上丝绸之路"等新战略的交汇点,三地经济实力雄厚,海洋科技资源优势明显,辐射能力强,能够成为国家战略实施的海上支点,继续当好创新发展的典范,进一步促进区域经济发展。     

海南岛东南部潟湖台风事件沉积记录

研究海岸潟湖沉积记录可恢复器测记录之前和史前时期热带气旋活动的频率和强度信息。本文试图通过分析潟湖沉积揭示南海北部地区的古台风活动信息,以海南岛东南部两个潟湖的钻孔沉积物为研究对象,选取沉积物粒度、有机质和碳酸盐含量等参数建立台风事件的鉴别指标,同时借助²¹⁰Pb CRS计年模式确定了沉积物柱状样的沉积速率和年代序列,对海南岛东南部的古风暴活动进行了分析。结果显示,柱状岩心清晰地记录了海南省东南部过去350年期间的35次特大风暴潮事件。基于历史文献和沉积记录的风暴沉积事件恢复了近350年来的风暴活动历史,发现海南省东南部特大风暴事件频数与厄尔尼诺强度有显著关系,同时还可能受到太平洋涛动（PDO）、北大西洋涛动（NAO）和太阳黑子活动等多种气候因素的综合影响。本文研究表明,结合风暴沉积记录和历史文献资料可为恢复海岸带地区长时间尺度高分辨率的古风暴活动规律提供有效信息。     

过度捕捞造成全球海洋渔业的产量损失评估

Many fish stocks in the world are depleted as a result of overexploitation, which reduces stock productivity and results in loss of potential yields. In this study we analyzed the catch trends and approximate thresholds of sustainable fishing for fished stocks to estimate the potential loss of catch and revenue of global fisheries as a result of overexploitation during the period of 1950–2010 in 14 FAO fishing areas. About 35% of stocks in the global marine ocean have or had suffered from overexploitation at present. The global catch losses amounted to 332.8 million tonnes over 1950–2010, resulting in a direct economic loss of US$298.9 billion(constant 2005 US$).Unsustainable fishing caused substantial potential losses worldwide, especially in the northern hemisphere.Estimated potential losses due to overfishing for different groups of resources showed that the low-value but abundant small-medium pelagics made the largest contribution to the global catch loss, with a weight of 265.0 million tonnes. The geographic expansion of overfishing not only showed serial depletion of world's fishery resources, but also reflected how recent trends towards sustainability can stabilize or reverse catch losses.Reduction of global fishing capacity and changes in fishery management systems are necessary if the long-term sustainability of marine fisheries in the world is to be achieved.     

利用有理函数模型实现IKONOS影像的单片定位

分析了利用高分辨率卫星CCD影像进行单片测图的意义，介绍了目前有理函数模型在影像定位方面的应用情况，重点研究了一种利用有理函数模型实现单片定位的方法，即将有理函数模型的正解形式线性化并组成方程组，结合DEM数据，对方程组迭代求解以获取地面点坐标。实验结果表明该方法具有解算精度高和易实现等特点。     

Pore-water geochemistry in methane-seep sediments of the Makran accretionary wedge off Pakistan: Possible link to subsurface methane hydrate

Cold seeps are pervasive along the continental margin worldwide,and are recognized as hotspots for elemental cycling pathway on Earth.In this study,analyses of pore water geochemical compositions of one-400 cm piston core(S3) and the application of a mass balance model are conducted to assess methane-associated biogeochemical reactions and uncover the relationship of methane in shallow sediment with gas hydrate reservoir at the Makran accretionary wedge off Pakistan.The results revealed that approximately 77% of sulfate is consumed by the predominant biogeochemical process of anaerobic oxidation of methane.However,the estimated sulfate-methane interface depth is-400 cm below sea floor with the methane diffusive flux of 0.039 mol/(m~2·a),suggesting the activity of methane seepage.Based on the δ~(13)C_(DIC) mass balance model combined with the contribution proportion of different dissolved inorganic carbon sources,this study calculated the δ~(13)C of the exogenous methane to be-57.9‰,indicating that the exogenous methane may be a mixture source,including thermogenic and biogenic methane.The study of pore water geochemistry at Makran accretionary wedge off Pakistan may have considerable implications for understanding the specific details on the dynamics of methane in cold seeps and provide important evidence for the potential occurrence of subsurface gas hydrate in this area.     

Turning depths of internal tides in the South China Sea inferred from profile data

Theoretically, propagating internal tides in the ocean may reflect at turning depths, where buoyancy frequencies equal tidal frequencies, before colliding with the air-sea interface or rugged bottom topography. Globally, the internal tide lower turning depths（ITLTDs） in the open ocean have been mapped; however, knowledge of the presence of ITLTDs in the South China Sea（SCS） is lacking. In this study, 2 125 high-quality temperature-salinity profiles（including 58 deep-sea hydrographic measurements...     

某核电厂附近海域生态环境特征及潜在致灾生物研究

为了了解某核电厂周边海域的生态环境状况,筛选潜在威胁核电厂冷源安全的致灾生物,分析影响致灾生物时空分布的主要环境因素,本研究于2018年进行了4个季节的生态调查。结果表明,研究海域浮游植物密度秋季最高,春季优势种为东海原甲藻(Prorocentrumdonghaiense),其他季节优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)等硅藻。浮游动物密度夏季最高,以桡足类为主,春、夏季优势种还包括球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachiaglobosa)和薮枝螅水母(Obeliasp.)。底栖动物的密度和生物量在秋季最高,优势种主要为豆形短眼蟹(Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides)、长吻沙蚕(Glycera chirori)和丝异须虫(Heteromastusfiliforms)。浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物群落均在夏季最为稳定,群落多样性水平和物种丰度较高,且分布较为均匀。浮游植物群落的细胞丰度与悬浮物和磷酸盐的浓度正相关性最高。浮游动物的密度受温度和盐度的影响较大。底栖动物的群落分布主要受悬浮物和无机营养盐的浓度影响。本研究共筛选出17种威胁该核电厂冷...     

水下仿生扑翼机器人的发展现状综述

参照蝠鲼等鱼类游动方式所研制的水下仿生扑翼机器人具有效率高、机动性强、负载能力大等多方面优势。由于其广阔的应用前景,水下仿生扑翼机器人已逐步成为水下航行器领域的研究热点。本文系统地将蝠鲼的生物学特性、机器人的结构设计、动力学模型、单体运动控制、集群运动控制以及实验研究等方面的国内外研究进展进行了总结和梳理。已有的研究表明：水下仿生扑翼机器人正在朝着软体化、集群化、 高机动等方向发展,新兴的水下仿生扑翼机器人及仿生集群能够更加精确的模拟真实生物的游动姿态,并开展相关任务。当下的研究为水下仿生扑翼机器人性能的进一步优化与提升奠定了坚实的理论与实践基础。     

2016年春季浙江中部海域温、盐、密度的断面分布特征

厦门大学海洋与地球学院,近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室。摘要：本文通过分析2016年春季航次在浙江中部海域3条断面的观测资料,结果表明：（1）在断面的10~25米层左右观测到了"中层冷水"现象以及在上层观测到微弱的上升流;（2）在浙江中部海域的上层观测到较弱的上升流;（3）春季,在浙江中部海域观测到了丰富的温跃层、逆温跃层以及盐跃层现象。（4）台湾暖流水向上爬坡对跃层的变化有一定的影响,使得跃层厚度变小,跃层强度加强,但是强度并不足以冲破跃层到达表层。