流化冰对于鲣鱼的保鲜效果研究

以远洋鲣鱼为研究对象,以传统淡水碎冰保鲜为对照,研究流化冰处理对鲣鱼的理化性质及微生物特性的影响。结果表明:(1)–4°C冷藏18d后,流化冰保鲜鱼肉pH值、TVB-N、TBA、a*值和菌落总数依次为5.57、10.2mgN/100g、2.87mg/100g、8.92和2.61lgCFU/g,而淡水碎冰保鲜鱼肉各指标已达6.05、20.3mgN/100g、6.60mg/100g、7.16和3.02lgCFU/g,故可知流化冰保鲜处理效果明显优于碎冰保鲜。(2)在25±1°C室温条件下,将冰与鱼放入保温箱内保鲜8h后,流化冰保鲜鱼肉的a*值、pH值、TVB-N、TBA、菌落总数和汁液流失率均显著低于空白和淡水碎冰保鲜处理组(P0.05)。流化冰保鲜可显著减缓鱼体的腐败进程、延长产品货架期,进而满足冰鲜水产品的远洋及长距离运输要求。     

应用极化合成孔径雷达检测海上溢油研究进展

海上溢油给海洋生态环境带来严重的影响,快速准确地探测溢油对于防灾减灾具有重要的意义。利用卫星遥感探测溢油已成为目前主要的检测手段,大多采用合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据,运用图像处理的方法,开展了多种溢油提取算法的研究,取得了较好的结果,但由于海洋的类溢油现象存在,造成提取信息的精度达不到要求。近年来,国内外运用极化SAR数据开展溢油信息提取研究,从极化分解与相位差等角度对溢油特性分析,能有效地区分一些类溢油现象,得到了较理想的结果。分析了应用SAR数据开展溢油信息提取的研究状况,总结了溢油极化SAR探测的研究,指出了目前研究中存在的不足,并提出了今后溢油极化SAR遥感监测的方向。     

桑沟湾及附近海域表层沉积物碳氮同位素分析及有机质来源

Naturally existing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes are important in the study of sedimentary organic matter sources. To identify the sources of sedimentary organic matter in Sanggou Bay and its adjacent areas, which is characterized by high-density shellfish and seaweed aquaculture, the grain size, organic carbon(OC), total nitrogen(TN), carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition(δ13C and δ15N) of organic matter in the surface sediment were determined. The results showed that, in August, sedimentary OC and TN ranged from 0.17% to 0.76% and 0.04% to 0.14%, respectively. In November, OC and TN ranged from 0.23% to 0.87% and 0.05% to 0.14%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between OC and TN(R=0.98, P0.0001), indicating that OC and TN were homologous. In August, the δ13C and δ15N of organic matter varied from-23.06‰ to-21.59‰ and 5.10‰ to 6.31‰, respectively. In November, δ13C and δ15N ranged from-22.87‰ to-21.34‰ and 5.13‰ to 7.31‰, respectively. This study found that the major sources of sedimentary organic matter were marine shellfish biodeposition, seaweed farming, and soil organic matter. Using a three-end-member mixed model, we estimated that the dominant source of sedimentary organic matter was shellfish biodeposition, with an average contribution rate of 65.53% in August and 43.00% in November. Thus, shellfish farming had a significant influence on the coastal carbon cycle.     

Nutricline shoaling in the eastern Pacific warm pool during the last two glacial maxima

Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and alkenones were analyzed in sediment samples retrieved from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1241 covering the last 150000 years to understand the hydrological evolution of the eastern Pacific warm pool (EPWP). GDGT and alkenone concentrations showed higher values in marine isotope stage (MIS)-2 and MIS-6, which suggests the enhancement of primary production at glacial maxima. $ {\text{TEX}}_{86}^{\text{H}} $ - and $ U_{ 3 7^\prime }^{\text{K}} $ -derived temperature depicted different temperature evolutions. $ U_{ 3 7^\prime }^{\text{K}} $ -derived temperature was marked by small variation during the glacial–interglacial cycles, whereas $ {\text{TEX}}_{86}^{\text{H}} $ -derived temperature showed pronounced glacial–interglacial variation that was similar to Mg/Ca-derived temperature records from nearby cores in the EPWP. Given that enhanced primary production during glacial maxima suggests nutricline shoaling, unchanged $ U_{ 3 7^\prime }^{\text{K}} $ over glacial–interglacial cycles can be interpreted as the shift of alkenone production depth. $ {\text{TEX}}_{86}^{\text{H}} $ seems not to be influenced by glacial–interglacial changes in nutricline depths, recording an integrated temperature in surface and thermocline water. The shallow nutricline in the EPWP during glacial maxima most likely reflected the intense formation of Antarctic intermediate water.     

短期风化对混合溢油组成的影响

对两种原油进行混合配比实验,将混合后油样置于人工气候箱进行风化模拟实验,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测风化样品中的生物标志化合物,短期风化作用对混合溢油的油指纹、生物标志化合物诊断指标等的影响。结果表明,混合溢油的正构烷烃总质量变化与单一原油油品的变化规律相近,即前期风化较快,质量减损较多,而后期风化趋缓,不同混合比例的溢油表现差异不明显。常用于短期风化的诊断比值对各混合油样的风化具有指示意义,但难以定性鉴别油品是否发生混合。重复性限法检验只能判定短期风化过程前后的油样为同一油源,而难以反映油样是否为混合油源的特征,各诊断比值的RSD%值较大可能是混合溢油的一个表现。     

广西北仑河口红树林保护区表层海水溶解态重金属时空分布及其影响因素

根据2013年5月(春季)和8月(夏季)对广西北仑河口红树林保护区的现场调查监测数据,研究了表层海水中溶解态重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的时空分布特征,探讨了其影响因素,并对其污染水平进行了评价。结果表明,表层海水各溶解态重金属的浓度、空间波动程度在春、夏季均存在一定的差异;Hg的污染明显超过国家一类海水水质标准,且夏季污染水平高于春季。Cu-Zn、Cu-Cd、Zn-Pb、Zn-Cd之间存在显著正相关,春、夏季As以及夏季Cr分别与盐度之间呈显著正相关,其他重金属与盐度之间无显著相关性。各重金属的时空分布主要受到陆源输入、沿岸江河冲淡水和海水盐度变化等因素的影响。     

对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层的影响

通过WACCM-3模式中气溶胶光学厚度与卫星资料的对比发现,模式可以很好地再现全球气溶胶的主要分布特征,但在一些区域还存在数值上的差异。利用数值试验研究对流层气溶胶的直接气候效应对平流层气候的影响,结果表明:对流层气溶胶对平流层气候有明显影响,平流层化学过程在这一影响中起重要作用,而对流层气溶胶对平流层辐射的影响不是其直接气候效应对平流层影响的主要原因。其机制可能是对流层气溶胶改变对流层的辐射平衡,影响对流层的温度和大气环流,进而影响行星波的上传,使得平流层气候发生变化;影响区域主要位于高纬度和极地地区,南半球的变化比北半球大,温度变化最大达10 K,纬向风变化最大可达12 m/s,臭氧体积分数最多减少0.8×10-6。     

黔西南泥堡金矿床构造特征及其控矿作用

位于扬子板块西南缘的右江盆地是我国卡林型金矿的集中分布区之一,素有滇-黔-桂"金三角"之称.泥堡金矿是右江盆地西北侧一个大型矿床,矿区构造主要有NEE向泥堡背斜、二龙抢宝背斜和同方向的F1、F3、F4、F5和F9断层,以及产于F1断层下盘的层间破碎带等.详细构造调查和新近勘查资料的综合研究表明:F1、F5和F9为逆冲断...     

嫦娥三号导航相机测图能力分析及地形重建

基于立体相机成像模型并结合相机参数对嫦娥三号导航相机3维测图能力进行分析,利用摄影测量原理和误差传播定律对巡视器30 m范围内的DEM精度进行了理论分析,推导出导航相机立体影像获得的采样点精度公式,并绘制了DEM的平面精度图和高程精度图;同时使用多线程技术开发了基于导航相机立体影像的地形快速重建算法,利用多线程技术完成影像的特征匹配和密集匹配,并通过分块内插生成DEM。该技术应用于嫦娥三号任务中,有力地支持了嫦娥三号遥操作路径规划相关任务。