云南“天擎”应用融入示例研究

“天擎”是数算一体的气象大数据云平台,具备海量数据存储、全业务贯通、数据应用高效的能力,支持各类气象应用的“云”化融入,全面支撑“云+端”的气象业务模式。该研究以云南省降水量告警系统为例,分析了应用系统融入“天擎”的全套流程。首先从系统技术架构的设计着手,对照融入要求,确定需要融入的切入点;然后从数据采集、数据存储、产品加工、业务监控、业务应用等5个方面对系统融入流程进行具体研究;最后,针对开发过程中需要注意的关键问题进行技术总结,可为后续融入工作提供参考。研究结果表明,基于“天擎”的系统融入开发流程较为简洁快速,普通开发人员较易上手,整个融入过程能从系统技术架构的多个层面减少不必要的开发步骤,缩短开发周期。     

DNQ3型能见度仪故障分析及校准方法研究

为有效提高国家地面气象观测站能见度仪观测数据准确性和设备运行稳定性,对能见度仪开展日常维护、核查校准、数据质控和故障修复等工作显得尤为重要。该文通过对DNQ3型前向散射能见度仪硬件结构和基本工作原理的介绍,以及对一些典型故障进行分析,总结出能见度仪的检测维修流程,归纳了对应的故障解决措施,凝练出该型能见度仪的核查校准和疑误数据质控方法,为一线业务人员开展能见度仪常规维护、故障排查、运行监控等提供借鉴。     

辽东湾北部地区走滑构造特征与油气富集规律

辽东湾北部地区右行走滑构造特征较为典型,主要表现为:沿走滑断裂带发育雁行式伸展断裂;剖面上发育花状构造;走滑断裂沿走向呈“S”型或反“S”型波状弯曲;沿走滑断裂带断槽与断鼻构造相间分布。分析认为,渐新世晚期,辽东湾北部地区南北向拉张、东西向挤压的区域应力场控制了右行走滑构造的形成,断槽与断鼻构造相间分布是由于沿走滑断裂带局部应力场性质发生改变所致。右行走滑断裂的“S”型弯曲部位为增压弯部位,走滑断裂两侧断块在此汇聚,地层因应力集中而形成断鼻构造;右行走滑断裂的反“S”型弯曲部位为释拉张部位,走滑断裂两侧断块在此离散,地层因拉张而发生断陷形成断槽。受走滑构造所控制,油气沿走滑断层自断槽向断鼻方向运移、聚集而成藏。研究走滑构造发育特征,对于预测圈闭分布以和研究油气富集规律具有重要意义。     

德保县农业气候资源的保护对策

针对目前德保县在农业气候资源利用中的存在问题,提出保护当地农业气候资源的几点应对策略。     

干旱半干旱区水资源承载力评价及空间规划指引——以宁夏西海固地区为例

以宁夏西海固地区为例,在区域尺度水资源超载状态分析基础上,构建了栅格尺度水资源承载力评价指标体系和计算方法,阐释了水资源承载力空间格局、特征及其与人口经济要素的空间关系,并提出空间规划与发展路径指引。干旱半干旱区栅格尺度的水资源承载力评估指标体系包括5项一级指标和12项二级指标,案例实证研究与校验表明：指标体系与评估模型具有可操作性,可为空间规划与管制提供更有效的决策支撑;西海固地区栅格尺度的水资源承载力划分为强、较强、中等、较弱以及弱5个等级,强和较强等级区主要位于清水河河谷平原,是黄河扬水灌区与地下水资源富集区的叠加区域,较弱和弱等级区集中分布于黄土丘陵区、六盘山及其余脉山地区。在水资源承载力空间差异分析的基础上,因地制宜地制定空间开发指引,建立“节流为主、开源为辅”的水资源保障体系,有助于构建与区域水资源条件相适应的人口产业布局模式。     

Organic Carbon in the Surface Sediments from the Intensive Mariculture Zone of Sanggou Bay: Distribution,Seasonal Variations and Sources

Mariculture has rapidly grown worldwide, which might greatly influence the biogeochemical cycle of organic carbon in coastal seas. In this study, several geochemical parameters, including grain size composition, sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), stable carbon(δ13 C) and nitrogen(δ15 N) isotopic compositions, were analyzed for surface sediments collected from different mariculture zones of Sanggou Bay and in different seasons. We investigated the composition and distribution of organic matter in surface sediments and further evaluated the contribution of mariculture activities to TOC sources. The TOC and TN contents(mass percentage) in the bay were in the range of 0.14% to 1.45% and 0.03% to 0.20%, respectively. The spatial distribution indicated that sedimentary TOC and TN contents in shellfish monoculture and shellfish-kelp polyculture zones were higher than in other mariculture zones, which might be related to grain size composition and mariculture organisms. Seasonal variations of TOC contents were observed in different mariculture zones. The TOC/TN atomic ratio(C/N), δ13 C and δ15 N were in the ranges of 5.97 to 10.97,-21.76‰ to-13.14‰ and 2.13‰ to 8.08‰, respectively, implying that sedimentary organic matter in Sanggou Bay was the mixture of marine phytoplankton, terrestrial and maricultural sources. A simple mixing model based on δ13 C was applied and the results indicated that the relative contributions of organic carbon sources in Sanggou Bay followed the order kelp(36.6%) ? marine phytoplankton(28.7%) ? shellfish bio-deposition(23.8%) ? terrestrial input(10.9%). Surface sediments in Sanggou Bay were dominated by mariculture-derived organic carbon, which on average accounted for 60.4% of TOC.     

巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面近地层湍流强度和陆面过程特征

利用巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面2013年7、10月和2014年1、4月的湍流通量资料,计算并分析了研究区近地层湍流强度,同时针对风速分量、温度、水汽和CO₂归一化标准差随稳定度的变化关系和总体输送系数等陆面过程特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）风速各分量的湍流强度均随风速的增加逐渐减小,风速处于2 m·s^-1以下时湍流发展最为旺盛。湍流强度主要由水平方向风速分量决定,垂直方向风速的作用较小,且近中性和不稳定层结利于湍流的发展。与其他地区相比,平坦且没有建筑物的沙漠地区,机械湍流较弱,湍流强度相应较小。（2）风速各分量的归一化标准差与稳定度（z/L）均满足1/3次方函数规律,其中垂直方向风速分量的拟合曲线方程较好。（3）动量输送系数C_d具有明显的夏季高、冬季低的变化状态且各月的日变化形态均呈夜间低、日间高的循环形态。热量输送系数C_h的不同月份日变化间并没有明显的排列次序,且日出日落前后具有明显的波动。不稳定层结时,C_d和C_h均随风速的增加逐渐减小;稳定层结时,C_d和C_h均随着风速的增加逐渐上升。     

基于STIRPAT模型的内蒙古沙漠化地区环境压力分析

实现经济与生态环境的协调发展,已经成为当前治理沙漠化的巨大挑战。如何定量分析人类活动和自然条件对环境的影响,是当前环境经济学界研究的热点问题。以内蒙古自治区71个沙漠化县为研究对象,以1986-2010年为研究区间做面板空间计量实证分析。选取了人口、富裕度、技术水平、风速和降水作为环境基础指标构建STIRPAT模型,从环境压力内在驱动角度定量分析不同的自然因素和人为因素对沙漠化地区环境的综合影响。结果表明:在观测数据范围内,富裕度、技术水平、风速和降水是内蒙古自治区环境压力的主要驱动因素;富裕度每增加1%,环境压力显著增加0.096%;技术水平每变化1%,将引起环境压力相应发生0.084%的变化;风速和降水每变动1%分别使得沙漠地区环境压力显著地增加0.640%和减少0.216%。     

Status of Satellite Orbit Determination and Time Synchronization Technology for Global Navigation Satellite Systems

In the form of satellite ephemerides and clock parameters, the space datum and system time information of one global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is transferred to users. With the continuous updating in the satellite payload such as the high-precision atomic clock, the monitoring and tracking technique such as the inter-satellite link, and in the data processing technique, the accuracy and real-time performance of the satellite ephemeris and clock error products are steadily improved. Starting from December 27th, 2018, the BeiDou Navigation System 3, or BDS-3, has provided the accurate and reliable basic positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) service for the users in the countries within the “one belt and one road”. This paper has summarized the faced challenges of the precise orbit determination and time synchronization from the regional BDS-2 system to the BDS-3 global system, and the specific solutions at the control segment. In addition, this paper has compared the BDS with other GNSS systems in terms of technical characteristics. Finally, aiming at a higher accuracy and more reliable PNT service, the road map of precise orbit determination and time synchronization technique for the next generation navigation systems is discussed, which will provide a reference for developing the global navigation satellite systems with an even higher accuracy.     

SAGE测光巡天数据处理方法研究

元素丰度与星系演化(Stellar Abundance and Galactic Evolution,SAGE)是自主设计的能够准确计算恒星大气参数以及消光的新测光系统。对北天除银盘外共计约12 000 deg2的天区开展了SAGE系统测光巡天,计划获取约5亿颗恒星的高精度测光数据。单次曝光条件下100σ完备星等uSC～17. 3,vSAGE～16. 8(AB星等),这些为研究银河系提供宝贵的测光资料。介绍了巡天专用的数据处理程序的研究和开发,主要研究了针对单幅图像的快速自动化处理过程,重点介绍数据改正、天体测量校正、测光和流量定标过程,以及数据结果和数据质量检测等。