GPS观测数据的模拟研究

主要研究了地面基准站GPS观测值模拟情况,分析了GPS观测值模拟的意义、原理及流程、用到的数学模型等,并用编写的模拟软件模拟了武汉站的GPS观测值情况。结果表明,本模拟方法所模拟的GPS观测值和实测值很接近,能满足不同层次人员对GPS模拟观测值的需要。     

广西糖料蔗寒冻害风险评估与风险区划研究

基于广西1961~2013年冬季寒冻害过程最低气温资料、地理信息数据及地表反射率资料,采用统计学中的多元回归法,构建了基于地理信息与地表反射率相耦合的最低气温降尺度模型及区域250m×250m网格点逐年冬季寒冻害过程最低气温数据库。在此基础上,结合糖料蔗寒冻害等级指标,对广西区域糖料蔗寒冻害时空分布特征进行了分析,并编制了广西区域糖料蔗不同寒冻害等级频率图及糖料蔗寒冻害产量损失率图,同时对广西糖料蔗寒冻害风险等级进行划分及评述。这一结果对糖料蔗种植优化布局及政策性农业保险费率的确定有积极意义。     

青藏高原东部样带农牧民生计脆弱性评估

脆弱性评估为脆弱性地区农户摆脱贫困、区域可持续发展提供科学依据。以青藏高原东部样带为例,基于可持续生计框架,建立了农牧民生计脆弱性评估的指标体系,利用11个乡镇的879户农牧民样本数据,开展了不同地带生计脆弱性评估。该指标体系反映了农牧民面临的主要风险,其生计资产,以及农牧民和政府应对风险的措施。结果表明:高原区农牧民生计脆弱性程度高于山原区和高山峡谷区。高原区的满掌乡最为脆弱,即便有政府的帮助,农牧民也不能应对风险。脆弱性程度高的山原区上部和高原区,处于不能适应的边缘,如不采取措施,当地牧民将不能应对气候变化、草地退化、药材退化等多种风险。导致该区牧民生计脆弱的原因既有各种风险的冲击,也因牧民自身生计资产和适应能力的不足。高山峡谷区和山原区下部的乡镇,农牧民能有效地应对风险,需进一步拓宽第二、第三产业就业渠道。因此,高原区和山原区上部的纯牧区是脆弱区域,政府应采取积极的措施,增强农牧民的适应能力。政府的救助措施应从改善自然资产转变到改善人力资产和金融资产,如技能培训、实行医保和畜病防治全覆盖、提供低息和无息贷款、在黑土滩区全面实行退牧还草、对退化草场进行治理和恢复。     

Transport of waste heat from a nuclear power plant into coastal water

A numerical and experimental modeling is presented for studying the transport of waste heat from a nuclear power plant into coastal water by using a full-field physical model with scale distortion, a local physical model with normal scale and a depth-averaged k− turbulence model with a modified second-order upwind scheme. Field investigations are also used to provide the calibration and validation of the modeling. A case study simulating the turbulent tidal flow and waste heat transport in the coastal water near Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in Southern China was conducted. The experimental result of the case study shows that the water temperature in coastal water was a little oversimulated near the surface and was a little undersimulated near the bottom of heated-water layer by the full-field physical model. The numerical study shows that the depth-averaged k− turbulence model presented a satisfied prediction of turbulent tidal flow and far-field temperature distribution in coastal water, although the near-field stratification due to the heated water effluent was not accounted for. The result of the effect of scale distortion on physical model shows that a full-field physical model with a scale distortion of 10 produced a satisfied result of temperature distribution in the present case study.     

环境制图中数量特征的表示方法研究

对环境制图中反映数量特征的定点符号法,包括几种连续和分级比率符号、非比率分级符号以及相关内容数量特征的表示进行了具体分析比较.对表示要素数量特征面状分布的网格法和等值线法,也结合实例进行了评述.     

平鲷♀与真鲷♂的杂交研究

研究了不同盐度，温度，ｐＨ对平鲷Ｒｈａｂｄｏｓａｒｇｕｓ ｓａｒｂａ♀和真鲷Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓ ｍａｊｏｒ♂清子活力的影响，确立了人工授精与孵化的条件参数。平鲷♀与真鲷♂杂交的受精率达９５％以上，胚胎发育与其亲本的相似。经过超低温保存的真鲷精子的激活率，活力与鲜精的接近，其杂产的受精率也可达９５％以上。实验获得了杂产仔鱼，但杂交的孵化率比对照组低。     

一种基于灰度块匹配的视野监测算法

针对视野移动方向的判断问题,该文介绍了运动补偿的常用方法及应用,提出了基于灰度块匹配的视野移动监测算法。通过对比各种算法计算复杂度和计算时间,发现灰度投影算法准确率低、计算量较小;块匹配搜索算法中的穷尽搜索算法准确率高,但是计算量较大。为了发挥以上两者算法的优势,将两者结合形成了灰度块匹配算法,并通过实验证实了灰度块匹配算法在实时监测系统中的可行性。     

Automatic tracing of the foot of the continental slope

The UNCLOS III (Article 76, Section 4(b)) defines the foot of the continental slope as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base. It is impossible to locate so defined afoot and thus to trace the foot‐line objectively by eye. In this study we show a method designed automatically to detect and trace the foot‐line of the continental slope from an irregular array of bathymetrical data. Our algorithm first transforms the bathymetric surface to a maximum curvature surface. On this new surface, the foot‐line corresponds to one of the ridges; instead of tracing the foot‐line on the bathymetric surface, we now can trace the ridges on the maximum curvature surface. The tracing of the ridges can be done automatically and objectively and the foot‐line is identified as being one of these ridges. We devote particular attention to the case when the ridge‐line is not defined, i.e., to the case when the point of maximum gradient change becomes a region of maximum gradient change.     

森林植被动态变化信息的遥感检测

本文以云南省泸水县为例,探讨了利用遥感技术从LANDSAT TM图像中检测森林植被动态变化的方法。该方法,首先对1988年的LANDSAT TM图像进行几何校正,并将1999年的L ANDSAT TM图像与其配准。其次,分别从1988年和1999年的L ANDSAT TM图像中提取植被指数。然后,将1999年的植被指数减去1988年的植被指数,得到植被指数差值图像。最后,利用目视识别的方法,在植被指数差值图像上确定森林植被增加和减少的阈值,从而提取出森林植被的动态变化信息。由于云和雪的影响,造成一些伪变化的信息,为此,进一步将云和雪的信息提取出来,并将这部分伪变化信息掩模掉。该研究表明,此法可以简单有效地将森林植被的动态变化信息予以检测.     

Mechanical and low-cycle fatigue behavior of stainless reinforcing steel for earthquake engineering applications

Use of stainless reinforcing steel (SRS) in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a promising solution to corrosion issues. However, for SRS to be used in seismic applications, several mechanical properties need to be investigated. These include specified and actual yield strengths, tensile strengths, uniform elongations and low-cycle fatigue behavior. Three types of SRSs (Talley S24100, Talley 316LN and Talley 2205) were tested and the results are reported in this paper. They were compared with the properties of A706 carbon reinforcing steel (RS), which is typical for seismic applications, and MMFX II, which is a high strength, corrosion resistant RS. Low-cycle fatigue tests of the RS coupons were conducted under strain control with constant amplitude to obtain strain life models of the steels. Test results show that the SRSs have slightly lower moduli of elasticity, higher uniform elongations before necking, and better low-cycle fatigue performance than A706 and MMFX II. All five types of RSs tested satisfy the requirements of the ACI 318 code on the lower limit of the tensile to yield strength ratio. Except Talley 2205, the other four types of RSs investigated meet the ACI 318 requirement that the actual yield strength does not exceed the specified yield strength by more than 18 ksi (124 MPa). Among the three types of SRSs tested, Talley S24100 possesses the highest uniform elongation before necking, and the best low-cycle fatigue performance.