鄂尔多斯盆地南梁西区长6油层组砂岩低孔 超低渗储层特征及主控因素

南梁西区位于鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡的西南部.长6油层组作为其主要的勘探目标层位,在研究区东北部发育三角洲前缘亚相、南部发育深湖浊流亚相.砂岩储层主要由长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩组成.研究区砂岩中胶结物类型有方解石、伊利石、绿泥石和硅质胶结物,使得砂岩孔隙物性降低.通过对储层孔渗参数的研究,得出长6油层组主要为低孔超低渗储层.根据毛细管压力曲线的形态认为,研究区目的层的孔喉结构为Ⅱ类,孔喉分选中等偏差,并提出成岩作用是影响其储集性能的主要因素.     

Carbon isotope evidence of last glacial climate variations in the tropical NW Leizhou Peninsula,South China

Zhong, W., Cao, J., Xue, J., Ouyang, J., Wang, H., Tang, X. & Gao, X. 2012 (January): Carbon isotope evidence of last glacial climate variations in the tropical NW Leizhou Peninsula, South China. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 102–112. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00224.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Bulk organic δ¹³C values of sediment sequences are commonly used to indicate past climatic changes, although the causes and mechanisms leading to the observed organic carbon isotope responses are presently not fully understood. Based on two sedimentary sequences, namely a peat profile and a fluvial and swamp sequence from the tropical NW Leizhou Peninsula in South China, we interpret more negative bulk organic δ¹³C values to suggest wetter and warmer conditions, implying a stronger East Asian (EA) summer monsoon, and less negative δ¹³C values to indicate drier and cooler conditions, reflecting a weakening of the EA summer monsoon. A warm and wet period occurred between c. 48.0 and 28.0 cal. ka BP. In the study region, a climate shift occurred at c. 22.0 (or 20.0) cal. ka BP, and the driest and coldest period occurred between c. 19.0 and 16.0 cal. ka BP. After c. 12.0 cal. ka BP, the climate changed towards wetter and warmer conditions. Several possible millennial‐scale dry and cold oscillations characterized possibly by C4 plants, or by more positive organic δ¹³C values during the period when C3 plants dominated, are cautiously and tentatively interpreted as showing a similarity with Heinrich events and other cold millennial‐scale oscillations evidenced from a Greenland ice core and Chinese stalagmite. We demonstrate that bulk organic δ¹³C records of sedimentary sequences in the study region have potential for indicating the changes in vegetation composition that were closely associated with climate variation during the last glacial period.     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> processes in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

In this paper, the CO2 concentrations profile from 1.5 m depth in soil to 32 m height in atmosphere were measured from July 2000 to July 2001 in an alpine grassland ecosystem located in the permafrost area on the Tibetan Plateau, which revealed that CO2 concentrations varied greatly during this study period. Mean concentrations during the whole experiment in the atmosphere were absolutely lower than the CO2 concentrations in soil, which resulted in CO2 emissions from the alpine steppe soil to the atmosphere. The highest CO2 concentration was found at a depth of 1.5 m in soil while the lowest CO2 concentration occurred in the atmosphere. Mean CO2 concentrations in soil generally increased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the increasing soil moistures and decreasing soil pH, which induced the increasing biological activities with depth. Temporally, the CO2 concentrations at different layers in air remained a more steady state because of the atmospheric turbulent milking. During the seasonal variations, CO2 concentrations at surface soil interface showed symmetrical patterns, with the lowest accumulation of CO2 occurring in the late winter and the highest CO2 concentration in the growine seasons.     

我国低钛月海型模拟月壤初始物质选择的地球化学依据

以Apollo14月壤样品和美国JSC-1模拟月壤的地球化学特征为基础,结合我国低钛玄武岩火山的分布,对我国不同地区新生代玄武岩的化学成分、年龄、储量等方面进行对比分析结果表明,滇西北金沙江地区和吉林辉南红旗林场-四海地区的玄武质火山喷发物的化学成分与Apollo14月壤样品和美国JSC-1模拟月壤相似,比较适合用于我国低钛月海玄武岩模拟月壤研制的初始物质。野外地质调查发现,吉林省辉南县金川镇红旗林场—四海一带产出的玄武质火山渣为距今1600 a的该玄武质火山岩的喷发物,其储量大、质地纯、粒度均匀,而且比滇西北金沙江地区最近一期的玄武质火山渣新鲜,最适合作为我国低钛月海玄武岩模拟月壤研制的初始物质。     

确定大地水准面的Tikhonov最小二乘配置法

LSC法（最小二乘配置法）因能融合不同种类重力观测数据确定大地水准面的特性而受到广泛关注,但由于协方差矩阵存在病态性,微小的观测误差将被协方差矩阵的小奇异值放大,导致计算的配置结果不稳定且精度偏低。本文提出Tikhonov_LSC法,即在LSC法中引入Tikhonov正则化算法,基于GCV法选择协方差矩阵的正则化参数,利用正则化参数修正协方差矩阵的小奇异值,以抑制其对观测误差的放大影响。基于Tikhonov_LSC法计算大地水准面,能有效提高其稳定性和精度。通过以EGM2008重力场模型分别计算山区、丘陵和海域重力异常作为基础数据确定相应区域大地水准面的实验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

金坪子滑坡动态稳定性分析研究

外界因素是影响滑坡变形和稳定状态的重要因素。进行滑坡的稳定性分析,依据监测资料进行预警预报,都有必要考虑外界因素的作用。以云南省昆明市的金坪子滑坡为背景,运用GIS及3DSlopeGIS的三维极限平衡分析方法,从地震、库水位、降雨三个外界因素单独或复合作用下的安全系数的变化情况,研究滑坡的动态稳定性。研究表明,在外界因素的作用下,通过分析安全系数—地震烈度曲线、安全系数—库水位高度曲线以及安全系数—时间曲线,可以定量判断地震、降雨、库水位对滑坡的影响,以及三者对滑坡影响力的高低顺序,为工程的预警预报提供重要参考。     

物探方法在预防路面塌陷中的应用

城市地下空间的开发利用不可避免地在基础设施建设中造成土体流失或土层沉降,形成的地下“病害体”易导致城市道路塌陷的发生。文章以滁州琅琊大道为例,采用地质雷达法和浅层地震勘探法对城市老城区排水管网周边进行探测。结果表明:①在探测深度不超过7.0 m范围内,地质雷达法可以满足探测要求;②在场地条件复杂、干扰较多的情况下,需辅以浅层地震勘探法。利用上述方法,可以更准确地查明地下“病害体”的位置,防止了路面塌陷的发生。     

拉脊山混杂带东段峡门早奥陶世埃达克岩的确认及地质意义

拉脊山混杂带东段峡门地区侵入岩可进一步解体为英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得英云闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（480.7±1.9）Ma（MSWD=0.80）,代表岩体侵位时代为早奥陶世。主量元素特征表明岩石具高硅（SiO2=59.10%~63.45%）、高铝（Al2O3=15.40%~16.19%）、富钠贫钾（Na2O/K2O=1.41~2.03）的特征,属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上呈轻稀土富集（ΣLREE=148.22×10-6~173.46×10-6）、重稀土亏损（ΣHREE=10.04×10-6~14.40×10-6）的右倾型曲线,显示轻微Eu负异常（δEu=0.92~0.96）。岩石明显富集Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,同时形成Ta、P、Ti均亏损的"TNT"谷,显示出弧花岗岩特征。岩石具高Sr（591.9×10-6~922.9×10-6）、低Y（12.44×10-6~18.79×10-6）和低Yb（1.24×10-6~1.90×10-6）特点,具有较高的Sr/Y（34.85~55.76）值,与典型的埃达克岩地球化学特征一致。结合区域资料综合研究认为,峡门早奥陶世埃达克岩源于俯冲板片流体交代地幔楔诱发下地壳富含角闪岩相的基性玄武质岩石部分熔融,形成于俯冲、消减作用下的活动大陆边缘火山弧环境,说明该时期拉脊山洋盆在峡门地区已处于板块碰撞前期阶段。     

辽东-吉南成矿带成矿规律及找矿方向

在系统分析区内成矿条件和区域成矿特征基础上,提出火山沉积变质型、海相火山喷气沉积-变质热液型、海底喷气沉积变质-岩浆热液改造型、火山热液沉积变质型为主攻矿床类型.通过对区内地质、矿产、物探、化探等资料的综合分析,并结合野外调查和室内研究,圈定了铁、铜、铅锌、金、银、硼等8处找矿远景区.     

《海道测量规范》修订的若干问题

根据15年来GB12327-1998《海道测量规范》的使用情况和海洋测绘新技术的发展,针对《海道测量规范》的指导思想、框架结构、技术方法、技术指标等方面进行了探讨,提出了相应的修订建议,以进一步增强规范的先进性、科学性、权威性。