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1.
An elastoplastic model for sands is presented in this paper, which can describe stress–strain behaviour dependent on mean effective stress level and void ratio. The main features of the proposed model are: (a) a new state parameter, which is dependent on the initial void ratio and initial mean stress, is proposed and applied to the yield function in order to predict the plastic deformation for very loose sands; and (b) another new state parameter, which is used to determine the peak strength and describe the critical state behaviour of sands during shearing, is proposed in order to predict simply negative/positive dilatancy and the hardening/softening behaviour of medium or dense sands. In addition, the proposed model can also predict the stress–strain behaviour of sands under three-dimensional stress conditions by using a transformed stress tensor instead of ordinary stress tensor. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents an on-line trained neural net work controller for ship track-keeping problems. Following a brief review of the ship track-keeping control development since the 1980's, an analysis of various existing backpropagation-based neural controllers is provided. We then propose a single-input multioutput (SIMO) neural control strategy for situations where the exact mathematical dynamics of the ship are not available. The aim of this study is to build an autonomous neural controller which uses rudder to regulate both the tracking error and heading error. During the whole control process, the proposed SIMO neural controller adapts itself on-line from a direct evaluation of the control accuracy, and hence the need for a “teacher” or an off-line training process can be removed. With a relatively modest amount of quantitative knowledge of the ship behavior, the design philosophy enables real time control of a nonlinear ship model under random wind disturbances and measurement noise. Three different track-keeping tasks have been simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the training method and the robust performance of the proposed neural control strategy 相似文献
3.
厦门筼筜港的形成与演变 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文根据实际调查的资料,概述了筼筜港区的地质地貌特征,重点论述了第四纪沉积物的成因和时代,阐述了该区的形成与演变过程,把它划分为5个发育阶段。 相似文献
4.
南海西沙西南海域表层沉积物特征 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
西沙西南海域表层沉积物样品矿物成分,地球化学,微体古生物分析测试结果表明:沉积物可分为7种类型,沉积环境主要是陆坡,部分为深海平原,海洋生物,海洋化学以及火山物质的沉积起到了积极的作用,陆源物质的影响较小,它们主要来源于北部大陆和南部岛礁等物源区。 相似文献
5.
基于GIS的商业网点选址研究与实现 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用平面/网络优化模型,综合权衡市区选址的基本费用及商业网点日常经营的成本,引入交通便利因子作为限制条件,并运用直接搜索的Dixon方法,加强了不确定性选址问题的约束条件,降低不确定性问题计算的复杂度,减少在选址问题实现中主观因素对选址结果的影响。最后以某区新建商业网点选址为例,详细分析了直接搜索算法应用的具体过程。 相似文献
6.
Yao Chun-xial Li Bao-sheng Jin He-ling David Dian Zhang Yan Man-cun Zhu Yi-zhi Li Hou-xin Zhang Yu-hong Luo Kai-li 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(1):65-71
The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley,
which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation
of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian
sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively
active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable
cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fiuctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since
then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion
and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies
and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess
Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements
is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter
monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial
and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP. 相似文献
7.
青藏高原东北地区现代降水中δD与δ^18O的关系研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
根据对取自青藏高原东北地区部分降水样中氢氧稳定同位素比率的分析,得到沱沱河站的大气水线(MWL)为:δD=8.25δ^18O+9.22‰,与全球平均MWL的差别较小;德令哈、西宁站的MWL分别为:δD=5.86δ^18O-27.28‰和δD=6.96δ^18O-30.19‰,均与全球平均MWL差别较大。这主要归因于水汽源地的非平衡蒸发和凝结物在非饱和大气中降落时的非平衡蒸发。上述地区的过量氘Exd 相似文献
8.
介绍了安阳电厂冷却塔碎石桩复合地基静载、动力触探、瑞利波法系列原位试验。根据试验结果,对冷却塔地基加固与改良效果及施工质量进行了评价。 相似文献
9.
Organism relics or kerogens in oils are first obsenred by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and a transmission electron
microscope (TEM). The complexes of kerogens in oils are characterized by the presence of a great variety of microfossils or
macerals. These kerogens in oils are mainly the residues of the original organic substances from which oil formed, and minor
kerogens from enclosing rocks enter the oils, therefore, the components and types of the kerogens in crude oils can serve
as an indirect indicator of oil-source rock correlation. This method was applied to Jurassic oils in the Junggar Basin and
the Turpan-Hami Basin, and there are two types of the kerogens in oils: one containing a lot of macerals from terrestrial
plants may derive from coals, and the other, characterized by a high content of microscopic algae, fungus spores and Acritarch,
may originate from Permian organic matter. In addition, the reflectance of the vitrodetrinites in oils can be used as an indicator
of oil-source rock correlation. 相似文献
10.
2003年淮河流域大水期间体积降水量的研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
针对 2 0 0 3年梅雨期淮河流域大水提出了体积降水量的概念及其计算方法 ,在计算出淮河流域和其各子流域逐日和总体积降水量的基础上 ,将体积降水量与水文站的水位和流量进行了对比分析。结果表明 :水位对累计体积降水量有较好的即时响应 ,流量对体积降水量有较好的延迟响应。另外 ,讨论了流域体积降水量的预报问题 ,用国内外数值天气预报产品和中央气象台指导预报产品 ,进行了流域体积降水量预报试验 ,并对预报结果进行了检验分析。结果表明 :在目前天气预报水平条件下 ,利用数值天气预报和中央气象台业务预报产品制作体积降水量是可行的 ,能够延长洪水预报的预见期 ;而且 ,数值天气预报产品在预报体积降水量方面有明显的优势 ,因此可以直接利用数值天气预报产品进行体积降水量的客观预报 ,为防汛工作提供重要的依据。 相似文献