城乡建设遥感动态监测关键技术研究及应用

以遥感动态监测的关键技术,遥感影像的快速智能处理,基于感知哈希算法的遥感影像变化发现,基于层级信息匹配的变化图斑空间化技术,变化图斑快速核查和反馈技术及倾斜实景三维快速建模取证,构建空天地一体化辅助城市建设遥感督察服务体系,完成对宁波市城乡规划督察的一站式监测体系建设,通过实验印证了各模块在满足要求的前提下,能实现快速...     

柔性管卷管式铺管上卷有限元模拟

采用卷管法进行海底管道铺设过程中,管道首先通过牵引作用上卷于卷筒进行储存。管道与卷筒发生非线性接触,可能会产生复杂的塑性变形和局部屈曲。通过全尺寸柔性管力学性能试验获得柔性管轴力—应变以及弯曲—曲率等非线性力学性能关系,将试验所得的非线性材料性能参数导入建立的两种柔性管上卷ABAQUS有限元模型（梁—实体单元模型与壳和桁架—实体单元模型）,实现柔性管较大轴向抗拉刚度和较小抗弯刚度的同步模拟以及管道与卷筒的非线性接触响应特征。通过对比分析两种有限元模型数值模拟得到的管道弯矩、弯曲曲率、管道轴力、管道与卷筒的接触压强等数据,发现在管道上卷过程中管道沿副法线方向的SM3弯矩占据其弯曲变形主导地位;管道与卷筒之间的摩擦效应对于管道轴力的影响较为显著;管道与卷筒的最大接触压强主要发生在卷管过渡段区域。     

巢湖典型子流域上下游水塘对暴雨径流氮磷去除效率比较

从流域上下游环境条件及氮磷输出强度差异出发,探讨上下游水塘对径流氮磷去除的特征及效率,选取巢湖小柘皋河源头流域上下游水塘开展水塘去除暴雨径流氮磷的对比试验,研究暴雨及暴雨间期上下游水塘氮磷去除效率差异及原因,为流域上下游设计不同类型净化塘去除氮磷提供科学依据.结果表明:暴雨期,上游径流氮磷浓度高于下游,且颗粒态所占比例上游大于下游,流域上游应作为防治暴雨径流氮磷流失的重点区域;暴雨期,上游塘对暴雨径流中的氮磷去除效果明显,氮、磷去除率分别为74％和52％,且对颗粒态去除效果好于溶解态,下游塘没有表现出明显的去除效果;暴雨间期,上游塘塘内氮磷浓度平均下降50％和20％,下游塘则分别为72％和16％,且均以溶解态去除为主;水塘去除暴雨径流氮磷有一定的浓度适用范围,浓度过低,去除效果不明显;流域部位不同引起入塘径流氮磷浓度和形态的差异是上下游水塘对暴雨径流去除效果差异的主要外部原因.流域上游出山口,可以在渗透性好的山前洪积扇上构建深水宽塘,通过增加暴雨径流拦截量和降低流速增强物理沉降作用,实现暴雨径流氮磷的高效去除;流域下游农田区,宜构建水面较大的浅滩湿地,通过延长滞留时间和促进生物活动增强去除暴雨径流氮磷的效果.     

安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性

2013年6月-2015年6月,对安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区内农田区、河流湿地和湖泊湿地3种典型生境的鸟类进行调查,共记录到鸟类123种,属于14目33科69属.按照季节和生境的不同对鸟类多样性进行分析,结果表明:颍州西湖湿地保护区秋季鸟类的物种数和密度显著高于其他季节,而夏季拥有最高的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数;在颍州西湖湿地保护区3种典型生境中,湖泊湿地的鸟类物种数显著多于河流湿地和农田区,同时,湖泊湿地和农田区鸟类密度、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数显著高于河流湿地,而河流湿地拥有最高的优势度指数.就科属水平上的多样性而言,该保护区鸟类群落科属间多样性为0.76.颍州西湖湿地是鸻鹬类和雁鸭类等迁徙鸟类的重要中途停歇地和越冬地.     

基于GPU混合反演的隧道电阻率超前探测成像研究

隧道施工期超前探测对于避免突涌水灾害的发生具有重要作用,为满足隧道三维电阻率超前探测快速化解译与成像的要求,本文提出了一种基于GPU并行的蚁群算法与最小二乘方法相结合的混合反演算法.该方法结合线性反演与非线性反演的优点,利用蚁群算法全局搜索能力强的优点为最小二乘反演提供较优的初始模型,以克服最小二乘算法容易陷入局部最优的缺点,提高了隧道三维电阻率反演成像的精度.同时,基于蚁群算法的天然并行性,提出了CUDA环境下的GPU并行策略,实现了三维电阻率反演的快速化成像.其次,开展了基于GPU混合反演的数值算例,与传统最小二乘线性反演进行了对比,基于GPU并行计算的混合反演计算效率得到了显著提高,对含水构造的位置、形态有较好的反映,压制了三维反演的多解性.最后开展了物理模型试验,结果表明基于GPU混合反演探测的低阻异常体与实际含水构造的位置较为相符,发现基于GPU加速的混合反演方法在提高探测精度与加快反演速度方面具有显著优势,为三维电阻率混合反演方法在隧道超前探测实际工程中的应用奠定了基础.     

TYPE AND DISPLACEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF LINGSHAN M6¾ EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE IN 1936, GUANGXI

On April 1, 1936, an M6¾ earthquake occurred on the Fangcheng-lingshan Fault. So far, the Lingshan M6¾ earthquake is the biggest one in South China. There are some reports about the Lingshan earthquake fissures, but its surface rupture hasn't been systemically studied. Based on the geological mapping and measurement of the right-lateral displacement and vertical offset, the surface rupture zone caused by the Lingshan M6¾ earthquake was found, which contains two secondary surface rupture zones in the east and west respectively, its strike varies from N55°E to N60°E with en echelon-like distribution along the north section of Lingshan Fault, and its total length is about 12.5km. The western surface rupture zone locates intermittently along Gaotang-Xiatang-Liumeng, about 9.4km in length, with a right-lateral displacement of 0.54~2.9m and a vertical offset of 0.23~1.02m; the other one appears between Jiaogenping and Hekou, about 3.1km in length, with a right-lateral displacement of 0.36~1.3m and a vertical offset of 0.15~0.57m. The maximum right-lateral displacement and vertical offset are 2.9m and 1.02m, appearing at the east of Xiatang reservoir. The types of surface rupture mainly contain earthquake fault, earthquake scarp, earthquake fissure, earthquake colluvial wedge, earthquake caused landslide and liquefaction of sand and so on. The earthquake fault develops at the east of Xiatang and Jiaogenping, earthquake scarp appears at Xiaoyilu and Xiatang, earthquake fissure locates at Xiatang, there are multiple earthquake landslides along the surface rupture zone, and the trench LSTC03 exposes the earthquake colluvial wedge. In order to further investigate the Lingshan earthquake surface rupture zones, the author compares the parameters of Lingshan M6¾ earthquake with the similar typical earthquakes in western China, the results show that the parameters of Lingshan earthquake are similar to the typical earthquakes in western China. The length of Lingshan earthquake surface rupture is shorter, but the dislocation is bigger. The author considers that this is mainly related with the parameters of Lingshan earthquake, site condition and structural environment of surface rupture zone, the symbols of dislocation measuring, human activity and weather condition and so on. The research of surface rupture zone features and analysis of Lingshan M6¾ earthquake provides important and basic data for exploring the seismogenic structure of Lingshan M6¾ earthquake, and it has important scientific significance.     

ANALYSIS ON DISASTER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MS5.4 CANGWU,GUANGXI EARTHQUAKE,JULY, 31th, 2016

On July 31^th, 2016, a moderately strong earthquake of M_S5.4 hit the Cangwu County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The focal depth of this earthquake is about 10 kilometers. This earthquake occurred in the junction area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hunan Province and Guangdong Province. Nanning, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities felt this earthquake. The Cangwu County disaster area is unique in terms of geographical position, tectonic geology, landform, economic development situation, population distribution and climate condition, etc. Based on the investigation to the earthquake hit area, and the analysis of its special natural environment, social economical conditions and humanities, seven general disaster characteristics of the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake are summarized from the point of view of earthquake disaster emergency rescue and reconstruction. namely, the low population density in the disaster area, the single building structure type and the low-level economic development, the short duration of ground motion, the small number and low magnitude of aftershocks, no large landslide, debris flow and other secondary geological disasters caused by this earthquake, the area is prone to typhoon and other climate disasters which are likely to aggravate earthquake disaster, and the earthquake occurred in an area of weak seismicity in South China. This paper introduces the basic situation of the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake and analyzes the seven disaster characteristics of this earthquake. In order to better respond to moderate-strong earthquake in weak seismicity regions of South China, this paper summarizes some experience and revelations about the earthquake in the M_S5.4 Cangwu earthquake emergency response process, and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures of earthquake disaster reduction in weak seismicity regions in southern China. In the future work, we should pay more attention to pre-disaster prevention, and strengthen earthquake-monitoring capability. In order to reduce the casualties caused by collapse of houses, we should improve the seismic fortification standards of houses, carry out relevant researches on earthquake damage prevention measures of karst areas. And in order to carry out comprehensive disaster reduction, we should strengthen cooperation with the meteorological department, and carry out more comprehensive earthquake emergency drills.     

基于EEMD分解的气压改正方法研究

利用超导重力仪观测数据精确测定低于1 mHz的地球自由振荡简正模式的分裂频率,是在不与任何弹性系数发生联系的情况下改善一维密度模型的有效方法.但在该频段台站局部气压变化对重力观测数据的影响成为主要干扰来源,且具有频率依赖特性,因此精细地开展气压改正成为利用超导重力数据检测低频自由振荡信号的必要手段.本文基于EEMD方法,提出了一种具有频率依赖特性的气压改正方法.该方法将重力观测和气压变化分解成处于不同频段的本征模态函数,并在相应频段上分别进行重力-气压变化的回归分析,计算得到具有频率依赖特性的气压导纳值,精细地消除气压变化对重力观测的影响,并以此对微弱低频地球自由振荡信号开展高分辨率分析.基于本文提出的气压改正方法,利用大地震后的超导重力数据检测了频率小于1.5 mHz的低频地球自由振荡及其频谱分裂现象.研究结果表明：利用该方法进行气压改正后检测得到的各简正模具有更高的信噪比,估计的本征频率误差水平明显降低,获得的基频球型振荡₀S₂和₀S₃以及一阶球型振荡₁S₂的分裂谱峰的估计精度更高,同时还检测到了部分环型振荡在重力观测中的耦合现象.对低频地球振荡的高分辨率检测结果验证了基于EEMD分解提出的气压改正方法的有效性,同时再次证明了超导重力仪观测数据在低频地球自由振荡检测中的优势.     

基于异常误差补偿的多期水准网动态平差

针对水准网中的异常误差,采用函数模型异常误差补偿方法抑制其影响,提高水准网平差精度。首先采用最小二乘方法获得各观测值残差,通过假设检验确定异常误差位置;将异常误差作为待估参数进行解算;最后扣除异常误差,利用"干净"观测数据进行平差获取水准网点的高程与垂直运动速度。采用山东省两期二等水准网观测数据进行试验,该方法进一步提高了水准网平差的可靠性。     

Internal Waves Generated by Tidal Flows over a Triangular Ridge with Critical Slopes

Direct numerical simulations are performed to investigate the generation of internal waves by tide-topography interaction in a lab-scale model. The bottom topography is a triangular ridge with two critical slopes. With increasing tidal forcing, subharmonic instabilities are identified, which cause internal wave beams to become unstable and turbulent. Kinetic energy densities in the upward going beams from the ridge top are stronger than those from the ridge bottom, whereas the reverse is true for the energy flux. This disparity between energy and energy flux is due to the existence of strong pressure disturbances near the ridge bottom. On each side of the critical ridge, there exists an amphidromic point, from which internal wave beams are emitted in opposite directions. The calculated energy conversion rate scales linearly with the square of the forcing amplitude and agrees within 13% of theoretical prediction, even when turbulence occurs. The fraction of radiated baroclinic energy becomes saturated in the range of low excursion parameter considered, which agrees with the behavior in large-scale systems wherein mixing parameterizations must be used. The present work enriches the studies on the generation of internal waves over a critical triangular ridge.