A New Species of Cupressinocladus from the Lower Cretaceous of Guyang Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and Cluster Analysis

Cupressinocladus Seward is a fossil genus of conifers and conifer fossils with reproductive organs are very rare. In general, it is difficult to understand the natural affinities with other conifers. In this paper, a new species, Cupressinocladus guyangensis P.H. Jin et B.N. Sun sp. nov., is reported based on branches with immature female cones from the Lower Cretaceous Guyang Formation of the Guyang Basin in Inner Mongolia, northern China. The foliage shoots are decussate. Leaves are decussate, imbricate, scale-like, weakly dimorphic, and bear longitudinal glands on the abaxial view. Stomata complexes are haplocheilic, monocyclic, irregularly arranged, and spread along the leaf margin. Immature female cones are subglobose with 6–8 cone scales, and three subglobose ovules arranged in a row at the base of the cone scales. Moreover, we performed cluster analysis using a statistics and machine learning toolbox for 23 fossils and extant species based on 16 morphological characters. The result implies that the new species bears a close resemblance to the extant Cupressus funebris Endl. and might have nearest systematic affinities to it.     

基于MRPs无陀螺卫星姿态确定的抗差估计算法

针对精确航天器姿态问题,采用修正罗德里格参数(MRPs)表示姿态,用动力学方程进行角速率的传播,分别基于等价协方差和观测残差统计特性的协方差调整方法,实现UKF算法的抗差效果,并通过仿真验证该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明：在含有粗差的情况下,两种抗差UKF算法均能得到稳定的状态估计值,而第二种方法计算效率更高。     

A new pterosaur (Pterosauria) from Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of western Liaoning,China

A new pterosaur Archaeoistiodactylus linglongtaensis gen.et sp.nov.is erected based on an incomplete skeleton with a partial skull and lower jaw.The new taxon is characterized by circular tooth sockets of anterior mandibular teeth,the anterior teeth of the upper jaw bearing posteriorly directed crowns,a relatively short metacarpus,and wing phalanges 2 and 3 and the tibia subequal in length.It possesses some plesiomorphic characters such as short metacarpals and circular tooth sockets.The pointed jaw tip present in the new taxon indicates that the expanded jaw tips of later istiodactylids are a derived character state,and the new taxon represents the first istiodactylus-like pterosaur found from the pre-Late Jurassic deposits,which provides a key role in our understanding the origin and evolution of the known istiodactylid pterosaurs.Archaeoistiodactylus is regarded as the ancestor form of the known istiodactylid pterosaur.     

青藏高原冰湖研究进展及趋势

冰湖是由于冰川活动或者退缩产生的融水在冰川前部或者侧部汇集而成的,可分为冰川终碛湖(冰碛阻塞湖)、冰川阻塞湖、冰斗湖和冰蚀槽谷湖。其中分布数量较多、规模较大,且灾害风险较高的是冰川终碛湖。因此,冰川终碛湖是研究冰湖的主要对象。受全球气候变暖的影响,冰湖溃决产生的洪水、泥石流等重大冰川灾害的发生频率有所升高,灾害的影响程度以及范围也有所加大,引起了冰川山地国家的广泛关注。青藏高原内部发育着36793条现代冰川,冰川面积49873.44km2,分别占中国冰川总条数、总面积和冰储量的79.5%、84%和81.6%。在全球气候变暖的大背景下,多数冰川呈加速消融及退缩的态势,导致了冰湖溃决洪水和冰川泥石流等重大冰川灾害发生频率的加剧和影响程度的加大。本文围绕冰湖溃决条件、冰湖稳定性评价、冰湖溃决洪水模拟等几个研究方面,对青藏高原冰湖研究的现状及进展进行了较为系统的总结,并对未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

利用EQIM软件建设和拓展广西地震速报系统

介绍在全国EQIM软件基础上,结合广西地震台网速报工作的需要,开发适用于广西区域台网内部使用的广西地震速报系统,其基本功能包括:地震速报、信息共享、手机短信发布、Web互联网查询数据资料、数据汇集等多个方面.广西地震速报系统的建立可提高地震速报信息向各级部门的快速传递能力,并为分析预报人员提供及时的地震数据服务.     

A statistically significant signature of multi-decadal solar activity changes in atmospheric temperatures at three European stations

We study the effect of solar variability on temperatures recorded in three European stations with the longest gapless series available (Prague, Bologna and Uccle). Following a pattern recognition approach, we partition daily temperature “indices” (minimum, maximum and range) in two separate classes with respect to the level of solar activity (high H vs low L 11 year cycles). Using the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics, multiple shuffles of data, and other partitions, we demonstrate that the separation between the probability distribution functions of H and L temperatures is statistically significant and robust. We find that average annual variations for the H and L classes display common and site-specific patterns. For practically all series considered, differences between graphs of annual change for the two classes H and L are large (～1 °C). Solar activity accounts, at least in part, for the multi-decadal variations in temperature observed at these European sites in the past two centuries.     

Spatio-temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation events during 1951–2011 in Shandong,China and possible connection to the large scale atmospheric circulation

Analyses of the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation extremes defined by eleven extreme precipitation indices in Shandong were conducted by utilizing the methods of linear regression, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Mann–Kendall test. The results revealed that statistically significant decreasing trends existed for almost all extreme precipitation indices except for the consecutive dry days (CDD) and simple daily intensity index. A periodicity of 10–15 years for precipitation extremes is detected by EEMD analysis. Greatest 5-day total rainfall (RX5day), very wet days (R95p) and annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT) experienced decreasing trends in the region stretching from the southeast coast to the west, while the spatial distribution of the decreasing trends for other indices was more complicated. Moreover, the frequency of occurrence in precipitation extremes at Changdao station, surrounded by the sea in the northeast region, increased in contrast to surrounding stations. This may suggest a possible effect from the local marine environment on extreme precipitation. In addition, the stations with statistically significant positive trends for CDD were mainly located in mid-west Shandong and along the southeast coast, where the extreme precipitation and total rainfall were, on the contrary, characterized by decreasing trends. These results indicate that drought or severe drought events have become more frequent in those regions. Analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulation changes indicates that a strengthening anticyclonic circulation and increasing geopotential height as well as decreasing strength of monsoonal flow in recent decades may have contributed to the variations in extreme precipitation in Shandong.     

上海城市室内空气质量影响因素分析

本文从环境、建筑材料和装饰装修材料、时间等角度,对上海城市室内空气质量影响因素进行分析,认为不同气候条件和地域景观会对室内质量产生影响,装饰装修材料、涂料及其胶粘剂和装修水平也会对室内空气质量产生影响.精装修房的室内空气质量检查调查成果表明,装修完成后不宜立即入住,在开窗通风4个月后入住较为安全.     

Investigation of Lushan earthquake ionosphere VTEC anomalies based on GPS data

Vertical total electron content (VTEC) time series were obtained from 22 GPS stations near the epicenter of the Lushan earthquake. In this paper, we have adopted a sliding average method to detect and analyze anomalous VTEC associated with the earthquake. The results show that significant, negative ionosphere VTEC anomalies appeared over the 5 days before the earthquake, and on the day when earthquake occurred. The maximum value of VTEC anomalies that exceeded the lower bound reached 20 TECU. The spatial distribution of VTEC anomalies showed a conjugate structure, which shifted to the magnetic equator, and subsequently moved westwards.     

居民感知视角的农业遗产地旅游社会文化影响研究——以桂林龙脊平安寨为例（英文）

对大多数社区型农业文化遗产地的旅游发展前景而言,居民对旅游发展的态度是至关重要的。论文以稻作梯田农业文化遗产地——广西龙脊平安寨为个案,采用田野调查和统计分析方法,通过测算案例地居民对社会文化变化的态度值,探讨了该类型旅游地居民的旅游开发社会文化变化的感知及其对旅游发展的影响。结果表明:(1)旅游开发将使农业遗产地的社会文化发生较大变化,且总体上呈正向发展;(2)不同特征居民对社会文化的态度存在差异,但总体上对变化持积极态度;(3)家庭收入、旅游移民、社会治安、建筑服饰等文化因素的变化将直接影响居民对该地未来旅游发展的态度;(4)只要能正确引导、调控和疏导其变化方向,旅游地社会文化变化的负面影响可以减少乃至消除,并促进旅游地更好的发展。论文还对旅游开发中的社会文化影响调控提出了相应的对策建议。