Impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the giant panda nature reserves in China

The Wenchuan Earthquake that occurred in May of 2008 caused damages to large areas of Sichuan, Gansu, and Shaanxi provinces in China. Reports from local governments and related management agencies show that the giant panda nature reserves in the earthquake-hit areas were heavily damaged. Our estimates in this paper of the impacts of the earthquake on the giant panda in the earthquake-hit areas were made based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and information collected by field survey. A rapid assessment method was designed to estimate the damages of the earthquake on giant panda habitats. By using visual interpretation methods, we decoded the remote sensing images of the disaster area in the 49 giant panda nature reserves. Research results showed that the Wenchuan Earthquake and the succeeding secondary geological disasters caused great damages to the giant panda nature reserves and disturbed the normal life of the giant pandas there (e.g., landscape fragmentation increased significantly). Undoubtedly, the life of the giant pandas there was affected. However, although the earthquake caused certain impacts on the giant pandas, it did not really threat their survival. Even so, we still strongly advocate for protection of the giant pandas, and have prioritized a couple of measures to be taken to restore the giant panda nature reserves in the earthquake-hit areas.     

长输管道局部腐蚀体积型缺陷逐次评价

局部腐蚀包括缝隙腐蚀、应力腐蚀、腐蚀磨损、氢腐蚀,H2S应力腐蚀和氢腐蚀是长输管道最容易发生的一种局部腐蚀方式。针对长输管道易发生局部腐蚀的特点,参考其他管道评价方法,根据现场管道的安全状况,提出了适用于现场的含局部腐蚀体积型缺陷管道的三步评价法。该方法不需要考虑管道的腐蚀裕量,简化公式,便于现场计算。     

河南省紫外线辐射分布规律及影响因素研究

利用2005年以来的河南省18个地市级气象台站的紫外线辐射监测数据,分析了河南省紫外线辐射的时空分布特征,并定量分析了云量、能见度及相对湿度等因素对紫外线辐射的影响.结果表明:河南省紫外线辐射年平均值总体表现为中部和南部较高;冬季西北地区紫外线辐射较高,夏季在西部、豫东南到豫北西部有两个高值带;季紫外线辐射均值表现为春夏季高、秋冬季低的特点.紫外线辐射强度与总云量、低云量及相对湿度呈显著负相关,而与能见度呈显著正相关.     

CO2加富对塔玛亚历山大藻叶绿素荧光参数及产毒的影响

由大气中CO_2浓度升高引起的海洋酸化,是全球性的重大环境问题之一。本研究采用实验生态学的方法,以塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)为研究对象,分析其在CO_2加富条件下叶绿素荧光动力学参数及产毒特征的变化。调制叶绿素荧光结果显示,CO_2加富对塔玛亚历山大藻的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、最大相对电子传递效率(r ETRmax)有显著影响(P0.05),且随着培养时间的增长Fv/Fm、r ETRmax均降低,对半饱和光强(Ik)、快速光曲线初始斜率(α)却无显著影响(P0.05)。结果说明CO_2加富能促进塔玛亚历山大藻的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量,提高其最大光能转换效率和相对最大电子传递效率。高效液相色谱法分析结果显示,该株塔玛亚历山大藻主要产漆沟藻毒素1(GTX1)、漆沟藻毒素4(GTX4)、N-磺酰氨甲酰基毒素(C1)及N-磺酰氨甲酰基毒素(C2)四种PSTs毒素,CO_2加富不改变主要麻痹性贝毒(PSTs)的种类组成,但能显著提高氨基甲酸酯类毒素(GTX1、GTX4)产量(P0.05),而降低N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素(C1、C2)产量(P0.05),说明加富能使塔玛亚历山大藻所产毒素发生转化,进而影响藻细胞的整体毒性。     

Micro‐geomorphology determines community structure of biological soil crusts at small scales

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are ubiquitous communities of diminutive organisms such as cyanobacteria, green algae, lichens, mosses and others associated closely with particles of surface soil, forming a cohesive thin horizontal layer. The ecological roles of BSCs affecting soil nutrient cycling, stability and hydrological processes, influencing the germination and establishment of vascular plants, and serving as habitats for numerous arthropods and microorganism have been well documented. We tested the hypothesis that micro‐geomorphological features determine the spatial distribution of BSCs by reallocating related abiotic resources at small‐ and medium‐scales in the Tengger Desert. Our results showed that higher soil pH and higher total potassium content in topsoil positively correlated with the colonization of cyanobacteria and algae in the earliest successional stages of BSCs, while increasing dust deposition onto the topsoil enhanced the development of lichen and mosses in the later stages of BSCs. Increasing soil moisture raised the proportion of mosses and lichen in BSCs, this will possibly change the ecological functions of BSCs, such as nitrogen‐fixation by cyanobacteria, due to the conversion from a complex to relative simple type of BSC. Micro‐geomorphology has created various habitats at a small‐scale affecting colonization and development of cryptogams. This paper considers the contribution of micro‐geomorphology to biodiversity in the extreme arid desert systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ESR dating of Pleistocene archaeological localities of the Nihewan Basin,North China – Preliminary results

The well-developed, late Cenozoic Nihewan Beds in northern China are amongst the most famous and well-preserved Quaternary strata in East Asia. The Nihewan Basin is also well-known for its mammalian fossils and stone artifacts, which document early human settlements in high northern latitudes (around 40°N). It is a key geological place to study palaeoenvironments and ancient human activities due to the excellent age-control of the formation by palaeomagnetism. In the present paper, the sediments of two Paleolithic sites were dated using the ESR signals of the titanium center in quartz. In order to check the reliability of our analytical procedures, a reference sample collected near the Brunhes/Matuyama (B/M) boundary at the Donggutuo site was firstly analyzed, yielding an age of 750 ± 88 ka. Then, three samples collected from the Dongpo site were analyzed by the same procedures. Our ESR results indicate that the age of the Dongpo cultural layer ranges between 304 ± 12 ka and 333 ± 23 ka, with an average of approximately 321 ± 15 ka.     

文化多元与邂逅：电影作品中的华裔社区地方营造

经过艺术加工的影视作品反映现实的同时也高于现实,不断重构、书写现实空间。本研究援引邂逅地理及地方感等理论,以5部华裔社区空间题材的电影作品为主要分析对象,以文本分析法为主要研究方法,探讨五部影片中关于华裔社区的选择再现及其背后蕴涵的社会文化意义。研究发现：①影视文本首先从民俗仪式与风水文化两个空间文化符号出发,构建地方性;在此基础上,电影文本以景观符号为切入口再现华裔社区的物质空间,实现新的地方营造。②文化多元的背景下,华裔社区成为“我者”文化与“他者”文化邂逅的重要场所。③非表征理论通过强调人的“身体”与族裔社区的相互关系从而在地方协商和情感融入框架下探索新的邂逅。研究还进一步探讨了电影文本中族裔社区的文化多元性与地方治理的关系,为族裔社区在未来实现更好的地方治理提供参考与建议。     

广西国土空间格局演变特征与形成机理

国土空间格局演化与形成机理是人地系统交互关系研究的科学问题和国土空间规划的关键前提。采用地学图谱、标准差椭圆和空间自相关方法,分析2000—2018年广西国土空间格局演变特征,并运用地理探测器揭示其形成机理。结果表明：① 广西城镇空间加速挤占农业、生态空间形成了“一增双减”的面积变化特征,国土空间动态变化速度加快;② 广西国土空间相互转化频繁,转移轨迹多样性特征明显,农业空间与生态空间加速互换以及生态空间内部结构加快重组;③ 城镇空间与农业空间互竞主导了广西国土空间的迁移路径,城镇、农业空间存在“南高北低”和生态空间存在“北高南低”的集聚特征;④ 广西国土空间格局演变受自然地理与社会经济因素的共同作用影响,自然环境条件的限制作用减弱,社会经济发展水平驱动力增强,政策调控力度驱动作用深远。下一步可通过国土空间规划、调整产业布局和引导生产生活方式优化国土空间格局。     

百色盆地东部兰木组古岩溶储层特征及其主控因素

常规薄片和扫描电镜分析表明,百色盆地上法地区兰木组石灰岩古岩溶储层具低孔渗特点,主要储集空间为后期改造产生的裂缝和溶蚀孔洞;经历了风化壳岩溶和缝洞渗流岩溶两种成因的两期岩溶作用,纵向上分表生岩溶带、渗流岩溶带和潜流岩溶带三个相带。裂缝以构造裂缝为主,以发育开启—半开启的高角度裂缝为主,低角度裂缝次之。有三种储层类型,其中以裂缝—孔洞型的最好,为主力产层,裂缝—孔隙型的次之,孔隙型的最差。影响古岩溶储层空间发育的主控因素为断裂和构造活动、岩石纯度、后期成岩作用的破坏。     

基于线粒体控制区序列的花斑蛇鲻遗传多态性分析

花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)是一种重要的底层经济鱼类, 本研究利用线粒体控制区(D-loop区)序列分析了中国近海分布的花斑蛇鲻的遗传结构和遗传多样性, 一共测定了6个地理群体129尾样本的D-loop区全序列。结果显示, 全长为921bp的序列包含71个多态性位点, 共检测到101个单倍型。花斑蛇鲻总体呈现很高的单倍型多样性(0.9873 ± 0.0048)和较低的核苷酸多样性(0.0132 ± 0.0067)的特征。基于邻接法构建的单倍型系统发育树的拓扑结构很浅, 没有形成分化明显的支系。单倍型在各个地理群体中的分布呈分散交叉状态, 表明地理群体间没有显著的遗传分化。6个群体的分子方差分析显示, 花斑蛇鲻绝大部分的遗传变异(99.87%)来源于群体内的个体之间, 而群体间的变异仅占0.13%。大部分地理群体之间的遗传分化指数(F_ST)均很小, 揭示了群体间的基因交流很频繁, 存在高度的遗传同质性。这些研究结果表明中国近海的花斑蛇鲻遗传多样性丰富, 没有明显的遗传分化, 是一个随机交配群, 可以作为同一个渔业单元来管理。