Spatial Metrics to Analyse the Impact of Regional Factors on Pattern of Urbanisation in Gurgaon,India

In recent years, there has been lot of emphasis on the study of urban land use/ land cover changes to discover the growth pattern due to rapid urbanisation. This study presents spatial metrics and gradient analysis approach for quantifying and capturing changes in urban landscape using LISS III imagery of 1999, 2001 and 2004 of Gurgaon, India. A combination of spatial metrics i.e. percentage of landscape, mean patch size, number of patches, landscape shape index and largest patch index, available in Fragstats ver. 3.3, have been used to quantify the patterns of urban growth in different directions in terms of size, shape and complexity of development. The local built-up areas were quantified by the “moving window” technique. A gradient analysis has been carried out through sampling from a reference point to 8 km in 16 directions with a window size of 500 mts. Results of this study demonstrate the potential of spatial metrics and gradient modelling to quantify the impact of regional factors on the growth pattern of Gurgaon city.     

Transverse Mercator with an accuracy of a few nanometers

Implementations of two algorithms for the transverse Mercator projection are described; these achieve accuracies close to machine precision. One is based on the exact equations of Thompson and Lee and the other uses an extension of Krüger’s series for the mapping to higher order. The exact method provides an accuracy of 9 nm over the entire ellipsoid, while the errors in the series method are less than 5 nm within 3900 km of the central meridian. In each case, the meridian convergence and scale are also computed with similar accuracy. The speed of the series method is competitive with other less accurate algorithms and the exact method is about five times slower.     

面目标间拓扑关系形式化描述的层次模型

拓扑关系形式化描述和区分的标准是拓扑不变量.在4交差模型的基础上,通过对两面目标边界交集的信息深入分析,提出具有不同分类能力的拓扑不变量,分别是维数、分离数、分量类型和分量排列顺序,并依次建立相应的形式化描述模型.这些模型都是在其分类层次上对面目标间拓扑关系的完备描述,并且它们的区分能力是层次递进的.     

基于高精度DSM的建筑物三维几何模型构建

随着测绘技术的不断进步,高精度DSM已经成为重要的测绘成果,DSM影像上建筑物区域与其周围背景有着显著差异,并且有着相对规则的建筑物边缘。根据边缘NSCT系数特点,提出一种有效的DSM影像建筑物边缘检测算法,在高、低频系数上采用不同方法对建筑物边缘进行检测,利用两类边缘互相补偿校正,能有效提取图像的轮廓特征信息。在获得房屋轮廓线的基础上,对轮廓线围成的房屋区域各点的表面法向量进行统计分析,重构坡面屋顶三维几何模型,实现建筑物的三维模型快速重构。     

一种地形变化检测与DEM更新的方法研究

提出了一种使用旧时期的DEM和最新的航摄资料检测地形变化,同时更新DEM的方法。利用陕西省两个地区的数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明变化检测和数据更新的精度比较理想。与现有的生产流程相比,该方法在效率方面有明显的优势,对原始数据的要求较低,最终的产品更加丰富,方法也更加稳健和自动化。     

GIS空间目标的广义Hausdorff距离模型

分析了GIS中常用的空间距离度量及其存在的问题,这些距离度量没有顾及空间目标的整体形状、位置分布等特征。基于此,引入了Hausdorff距离的概念,给出了Hausdorff距离的计算方法,分析指出了Hausdorff距离容易受空间目标局部几何形状的影响。进而从统计学的角度分析了现有的距离度量并不能有效地表达空间目标间距离的整体分布,并提出了一种广义Hausdorff距离模型,这种距离模型能够度量空间目标间距离分布的中心趋势和离散度。实际算例证明了此模型在GIS环境下的实现方法。     

Self-calibration Applied in Converting Simulation Surveying

In the field of converting simulation surveying and traditional close range photogrammetry, it has been developed so far to survey objects by commercial digital camera and this technique is applied widely in every part of production. In order to get three-dimensional information of objects, commercial digital camera must be examined. For a long time, digital camera has been examined by DLT. Then there must be a high-precision control field. For realizing surveying without control points, a method for self-calibration is proposed.     

基于ArcObjects的海南省防洪应急指挥系统设计与实现

针对海南省台风、洪水灾害频繁的特点,论述了海南省防洪应急指挥系统的总体设计、系统结构设计和主要功能模块设计等内容。该系统已在实际中得到了应用。     

图文综合办公系统的设计

本文通过分析图文综合办公自动化的需求和发展状况,结合规划管理的应用实践,总结了GIS与OA相结合技术在图文综合办公自动化领域应用的方法、模式,阐述了图文综合办公自动化系统的设计思想和技术集成方法,并举例说明系统的实际应用效果。     

市级基础测绘在城市应急服务中的应用

本文从市级基础测绘与城市应急系统的关系入手,分析了城市应急系统对基础测绘的需求．从而指导市级基础测绘工作更好地为城市应急服务。