Storage and density of soil organic carbon in urban topsoil of hilly cities: A case study of Chongqing Municipality of China

Rapid urbanization results in the conversion of natural soil to urban soil,and consequently,the storage and density of the soil carbon pools change.Taking Chongqing Municipality of China as a study case,this investigation attempts to better understand soil carbon pools in hilly cities.First,the vegetated areas in the study area were derived from QuickBird images.Then,topsoil data from 220 soil samples(0-20 cm) in the vegetated areas were collected and their soil organic carbon(SOC) densities were analyzed.Using the Kriging interpolation method,the spatial pattern of SOC was estimated.The results show that the SOC density exhibited high spatial variability in the urban topsoil of Chongqing.First,the SOC density in topsoil decreased according to slope in the order 2°-6° < 25°-90° < 0°-2° < 6°-15° < 15°-25°.Second,the newly developed areas during 2001-2010 had a lower SOC density than the areas built before 1988.Third,urban parks and gardens had a higher SOC density in topsoil,residential green land followed,and scattered street green land ranked last.For hilly cities,the variability of terrain affects the distribution of SOC.The Kriging results indicate that Kriging method combining slope with SOC density produced a high level of accuracy.The Kriging results show that the SOC density to the north of the Jialing River was higher than the south.The vegetated areas were estimated to amount to 73.5 km2 across the study area with an SOC storage of 0.192 Tg and an average density of 2.61 kg/m2.     

Improved understanding of petroleum migration history in the Hongche fault zone,northwestern Junggar Basin (northwest China): Constrained by vein-calcite fluid inclusions and trace elements

Calcite veins and cements occur widely in Carboniferous and Permian reservoirs of the Hongche fault zone, northwestern Junggar Basin in northwest China. The calcites were investigated by fluid inclusion and trace-element analyses, providing an improved understanding of the petroleum migration history. It is indicated that the Hongche fault behaved as a migration pathway before the Early Cretaceous, allowing two oil charges to migrate into the hanging-wall, fault-core and footwall reservoirs across the fault. Since the Late Cretaceous, the Hongche fault has been sealed. As a consequence, meteoric water flowed down only into the hanging-wall and fault-core reservoirs. The meteoric-water incursion is likely an important cause for degradation of reservoir oils. In contrast, the footwall reservoirs received gas charge (the third hydrocarbon event) following the Late Cretaceous. This helps explain the distribution of petroleum across the fault. This study provides an example of how a fault may evolve as pathway and seal over time, and how reservoir diagenetic minerals can provide clues to complex petroleum migration histories.     

地球磁场对太阳风的加载响应与地震

地磁预报地震的方法越来越多,本文应用加卸载响应比方法,分析山西地区2009—2016年观测的加卸载响应比与山西地区4.0级地震之间的对应关系,初步给出适用于山西地区震例特征的磁异常判别指标。     

应用高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)开发大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)SNP标记的研究

利用Vector NTI Advance 11软件分析了NCBI数据库中大菱鲆的12428条EST序列,筛出候选SNP位点;应用高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)对大菱鲆不同性状群体进行基因分型。结果表明,522个重叠群中共筛出160多个候选SNP位点;设计56对引物用于实验,能扩增出目的片段的引物有37条,合45个位点,成功率为66.1%;设计探针,能与候选SNP位点杂交的探针有13条,杂交率为28.9%。本实验中能成功进行基因分型的位点共有8个,占杂交位点的61.5%,其中有6个为碱基替换型位点,即G-A和C-T各占3个,2个为碱基颠换型位点,即T-G和A-T各占1个。     

Dynamic Analysis of a Single-Column Platform (II)

This paper describes the study of a single-column structure used as well-head platform. In order to check the reliability of computation theory and programme, model tests have been carried out. The paper introduces the conclusion of tests and the dynamic properties of single-column platform are obtained.     

当前我国文武人才的地理分布与南北差异

作为一种文化现象，人才的空间分布规律体现着人才与经济、历史及地理环境之间的关联性。本文选取１７０００多名教授和１６００多名将军作文武人才的地理分析。教授工作地集中的地区依次为北京、上海、四川、湖北、辽宁、江苏、陕西、广东、吉林、天津，籍贯集中的地区依次为江苏、浙江、四川、辽宁、广东、湖南、山东、河北、天津，主要流入地区为北京、上海、陕西、吉林、黑龙江、天津，主要流出地区为浙江、江苏、河北、河南、福建、广东、山东。将军籍贯分布集中程度比教授更为突出，主要集中在江西、湖北、湖南、安徽、河南、四川、山东、福建、河北、陕西。如以县计，则集中在江西的兴国、永新、吉安，湖北的红安、大梧，安徽的金寨、六安，河南的新县，前面三县属中央苏区，后面五县属鄂豫皖苏区。工作在南方和北方教授数基本平衡，但籍贯在南方的约为北方的两倍，籍贯在南方的将军数为北方的两倍多。这种格局反映了文化大革命前的人才流向。近十年，人才流向和人才格局发生变化，不仅国内毕业生，而且国外留学人员也被吸引到南方沿海开放地区，为此，需要新的办法和政策。     

城市CORS坐标时间序列噪声模型建立与分析

以GAMIT/GLOBK处理得到高精度常州CZCORS坐标时间序列,用奇异谱分析方法对其进行空间滤波,使用最大似然估计方法对剔除共性误差的坐标时间序列进行噪声特征分析,得出最优白噪声模型为“WH”,N、U分量最优有色噪声模型为“WH+FN”,E分量最优有色噪声模型为“WH+FN+RWN”。根据最优有色噪声模型估计出的CZCORS站速度场表现为东南方向整体运动的趋势,其整体位移变化值及运动方向与周围IGS站基本一致。     

生物胺对锯缘青蟹大颚器发育的调节作用

雌性锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)于实验的第1天、第5天、第10天，分别注射100μL剂量为1μg／g体质量的5-HT，OA和DA，第15天解剖。结果表明，5-HT对锯缘青蟹大颚器发育具有显的促进作用，OA和DA的作用不明显。经免疫细胞化学检测，大颚器内存在5-HT免疫阳性细胞，免疫阳性细胞多数为卵圆形，少数具有很长的胞突，该结果首次为5-HT参与大颚器的生理活动提供了形态学证据。     

西北太平洋累积气旋能量的年代际变化

利用1949—2011年CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集,分析了西北太平洋累积气旋能量(ACE)的年代际变化特征。结果表明,西北太平洋热带气旋(ACE)的年代际变化主要分为1957—1967高值期、1976—1986过渡期和1998—2008低值期。其中强热带风暴(STS)、台风(TY)和超强台风(SuperTY),特别超强台风是决定成分。副热带高压偏弱,垂直风切变偏小,低纬度低空正涡度异常偏东以及低纬度海表面温度(SST)正异常偏东等背景场的年代际特征,有利于形成ACE的年代高值期。     

邻里建成环境对居民外出型休闲活动时空差异的影响——以广州市为例

休闲行为的产生条件一直受到国内外地理学者的重视,邻里建成环境作为结构性制约因素,在休闲行为研究的交叉学科中开始受到重视,但是关注其对休闲行为影响的时间差异的研究严重不足;此外相关研究多从是否产生休闲行为或活动量的角度去验证,缺乏建成环境对休闲空间特征影响的衡量。基于时间地理学理论,以广州市为案例地,结合居民的出行活动日志调查与人口普查数据、土地利用数据、建筑POI普查数据,探讨居民休闲行为时空特征及居住地的邻里建成环境对其产生的影响。研究发现：工作日,居民外出型休闲活动时间呈现出高度集中特征,高度集中于12:00~14:00,活动集聚的时空区域是12:00~14:00、4 km内;休息日,居民外出型休闲活动时间集聚的集中性减弱,活动持续时间增长;活动集聚的时空区域是9:00~20:00、1 km内。邻里建成环境的不同维度指标对休闲活动距离的作用时段与影响程度存在差异。工作日上午并无影响显著的因素;中午,休闲距离主要受到道路交叉口数量和商业中心可达性的负向影响;下午,休闲距离受到道路交叉口数量先负向后正向的影响。休息日上午,休闲距离主要受开敞空间用地比例的负向影响;中午,受开敞空间用地比例、公交站点数和到最近开敞空间距离的负向影响,土地利用混合度则是呈现先正向后负向的影响;下午,受道路交叉口数量和公交站点数的负向影响、休闲设施数量的正向影响。从作用机制来看,休息日是休闲机会和时间成本作用占主导,工作日是休闲环境作用占主导。