胶东牟平-乳山金矿带金青顶金矿碲化物矿物的特征及沉淀机制

通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜并结合能谱分析,在金青顶金矿Ⅱ号矿脉深部除含碲化物碲银矿、碲金银矿和碲铋矿外,首次发现碲金矿的存在,进一步证实了前人对于该矿床中存在碲金矿这一新矿物的推测,也打破了该金矿深部无碲金银矿的传统认识。这些碲化物呈连生体或者细脉状产于黄铁矿等硫化物、石英与黄铁矿裂隙中。在金银碲化物矿物中,Te含量变化较小,Au含量变化较大,与Ag呈负相关,与Bi为正相关。结合金-银-碲矿物成分-共生图解,对金银碲化物矿物的共生组合特征进行了研究。研究表明,Te总是优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有热液中Ag被消耗后才与Au结合形成碲金矿,最后Te被耗尽,矿液中残留很多的Au,从而形成自然金,说明随着成矿过程的演化,成矿热液可能逐渐富金,具体表现为碲银矿-碲金银矿-碲金矿-自然金的析出顺序。     

湖北宜昌白果园陡山沱组层序地层及磷块岩成因研究

新元古代陡山沱期是扬子地台重要的成磷期,鄂西白果园磷块岩就形成于当时海侵不断扩大的过程中。白果园陡山沱组位于黄陵背斜西北部,磷矿赋存于陡山沱组下部。对白果园剖面进行层序地层学研究,将南沱冰期后沉积的陡山沱组和灯影组划为一个二级层序。含有磷块岩的陡山沱组,代表了南沱冰期后强烈的海侵活动的特点,将其划分为六个三级层序,磷块岩形成于第一个三级层序内。在层序1的海侵体系域上部与高位体系域下部所反映的潮下带,砂屑磷块岩品位很高。冰期时的物理风化和陡山沱期化学风化作用将地表含磷物输入海洋,海侵引发的上升洋流携带富磷海水涌入浅水区,为磷块岩在层序1内的形成提供了物源与动力条件。初次海侵对磷矿形成十分有利,高品位的含磷层对应于最大海侵阶段。采用地球化学方法对含磷岩系进一步研究后表明,生物有机质对白果园磷块岩的形成有重要作用。大冰期过后陡山沱期新的古海洋生态系统开始构建,使生物生产率迅速恢复,为生物有机质的成矿作用提供了机遇。其有机碳含量介于盆地型磷块岩与台地型磷块岩之间,显示了泥页岩—碳酸盐岩型含磷岩系Corg含量的“过渡性”特点。由于其含磷岩系形成的环境为半局限性滞留洼地,白果园磷块岩是弱还原—弱氧化环境的沉积产物。与邻区贵州瓮安的台地型磷块岩进行对比,台地型磷块岩由于更为氧化的环境而具有低Corg和高P2O5特点。通过与早寒武世云南昆阳磷矿的对比,发现能量较高并具有丰富藻类的潮下带为磷块岩形成的优势区带,但白果园不具备昆阳磷矿的藻滩成磷环境。所以,白果园磷块岩的形成是海侵作用和生物有机质的参与等因素共同作用的结果。     

"源热共控论":来自南海海域油气田"外油内气"环带有序分布的新认识

南海海域新生代经历印支—南海地台裂谷期、陆间裂谷期和区域沉降阶段,形成大陆架、大陆坡和洋壳区三大区域构造单元。围绕洋壳区,大陆坡和大陆架呈准环带状分布格局。沉积盆地主要分布在大陆架和大陆坡上,亦环绕中央洋壳区呈环带状分布。南海油气勘探活动于20世纪60年代末期开始,截至目前已发现数百个油气田,这些油气田主要分布在南部、北部和西部等大陆边缘。油气田分布主要呈大陆架或其近陆部分以油田为主、大陆坡（也包括邻近大陆架部分区域）以气田为主的“外油内气”特征。油环区凹陷烃源岩以中深湖相泥岩或深海相泥岩为主,沉积有机质以Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型干酪根为主,地壳相对较厚、热流值相对较低、烃源岩主要处在生油窗以内,烃类产物主要是原油。气环区生烃凹陷烃源岩以海陆过渡相泥岩和海相烃源岩为主,沉积有机质主要是Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型干酪根,地壳厚度相对较薄,热流值高,具“超热盆”特征,烃源岩以生气为主。油环区主力储层是砂岩,形成于湖相到浅海环境,存在多套储盖组合。气环区内带存在浅水沉积和深水沉积两套储盖组合,以深水扇和生物礁储层为主,盖层主要为海相泥岩。以300 m水深为界,油环带主要位于浅水区,勘探程度较高;内带气环主要位于陆架下部及陆坡区,勘探程度较低。南海海域勘探领域正在由浅水区向深水区发展。南海油气资源丰富,有望成为我国新的大油气区。     

Behavior of different phosphorus species in suspended particulate matter in the Changjiang estuary

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary in June 2006 was separated into five fractions via water elutriation: clay-very fine silt (<8 μm), fine silt (8–16 μm), medium silt (16–32 μm), coarse silt (32-63 μm) and sand (>63 μm). The SPM and fractionated particles were sequentially analyzed by a modified SEDEX sequential extraction method to obtain six species of phosphorus: exchangeable or loosely-sorbed P, organic P, Fe-bound P, authigenic P, detrital P and refractory P. The results indicated that all particulate phosphorus species except for detrital P were negatively correlated to particle size; a high detrital P content was found in coarse silt and very coarse silt. From the inside of the river mouth to the gate of the river mouth, organic P, Fe-bound P and refractory P in the suspended particles decreased and a higher amount of exchangeable P appeared around the gate of the river mouth. From the gate of the river mouth to the sea, exchangeable P and organic P in suspended particles increased distinctly. The total particulate P flux into the estuary from the Changjiang River was about 45.45×10⁸ μmol/s during sampling. Of this, about 8.27×10⁸ μmol/s was associated with the “truly suspended” fraction. The bio-available particulate P flux was about 13.58×10⁸ μmol/s. Of this, about 4.24×10⁸ μmol/s was transported by “truly suspended” particles.     

近50年河南省武陟县高温天气的气候特征初探

利用河南省武陟县1961-2010年5-9月日极端最高气温资料,统计分析了武陟县极端最高气温与高温天气的特征,以期能对提高气候预测水平和农业生产有一定帮助。结果表明:武陟县高温天气主要出现在6-7月,高温天气的时间分布具有明显的周期性;年极端最高气温的变化大体上经历了从高到低又到高的过程;持续高温天气主要出现在6月,连续≥3d的高温天气过程出现最多,平均每年出现1.9次;武陟县夏季酷热与极端最高气温高、持续高温天气出现次的年份,集中在20世纪60年代中期以及90年代后期至今的两个时间段内。     

The Biomarkers in the Mesoproterozoic Organic-rich Rocks of North China Craton: Implication for the Precursor and Preservation of Organism in the Prokaryotic Realm

Mesoproterozoic marine organic-rich rocks are widely distributed in the North China Craton,include the Gaoyuzhuang(GYZ),the Hongshuizhuang(HSZ),and the Xiamaling(XML)formations.According to the T;value and isomerisation ratio of C;homohopanes,the XML,HSZ,and GYZ samples were in low mature,mature and high mature stage,respectively.Biomarker distribution in extractable organic matter(EOM)of three Mesoproterozoic organic-rock samples in different maturity were analysed to reveal the organic precursor and preservation pathway of in the Mesoproterozoic Combined with gold-tube pyrolysates of three Mesoproterozoic samples,it could further illuminate the chemical composition of Mesoproterozoic kerogen,given excluding.The results indicated that the three formations were all deposited under reducing condition and their organic precursors mainly were some aquatic organisms.High content of rearranged hopanes was detected in EOM of XML and HSZ samples,whereas they were relatively low in the high mature GYZ sample.Contrast to that in EOM,the relative concentration of rearranged hopanes sharply decreased in the gold-tube pyrolysates of the XML kerogen,then slightly increased but was still significantly lower than the EOM of XML sample,which indicated that catalysis of clay minerals in the early diagenesis only changed the chemical composition of the unstable functional groups of the kerogen during the preservation.Due to the thriving heterotrophic microbes and low sink rate of particulate organic matter during the Mesoproterozoic,primary producers suffered extensive degradation during sinking process,only some resistant biopolymers lacking of lipid compounds survived from heterotrophic degradation,while heterotrophic microbes contained more proportion of organic precursors.Abundant pristane(Pr)and phytane(Ph)were only released in high mature stage because of the protection of the macromolecular structure of resistant biopolymers which prevented biomarkers from being altered by the thermal stress.The absence of 13α(n-alkyl)-tricyclic terpanes in the high matured hydrocarbon products also indicated the different precursors between different parts of Mesoproterozoic kerogen.The evolution of the biomarker composition and content of Mesoproterozoic kerogen showed some special characteristics differing from those of Phanerozoic kerogen.The total concentrations of hopanes displayed with an order of low mature stage>high mature stage>mature stage.Relative content of rearranged hopanes in the hydrocarbon generated in high mature stage was significantly lower than that in the low maturity stage.The ratios of Pr/n-C₁₇ and Ph/n-C₁₈ increased with thermal maturity,and the ratio of nC_21-/nC₂₂₊ decreased in the high maturity stage,thus displaying another order of mature stage>high maturity stage>low maturity stage.The unique preservation pathway of Mesoproterozoic organisms was attributed to the special evolution characteristics of biomarker distributions,which should be considered in the Mesoproterozoic marine environment and biological studies.     

亚洲热带夏季风指数与中国南方降水的关系

利用1979-2013年夏季全球2.5°×2.5°逐日环流资料和中国气象站点降水观测资料,采用动力学因子(西南风)与热力学因子(Radiation Longwave covting,OLR)相结合定义了标准化的亚洲热带夏季风指数(Tropical Summer Monsoon Index,TSMI).结果 表明,该指数...