鱼蚌套养中应用光合细菌的研究

本文对鱼蚌套养中光合细菌的应用进行了研究。结果表明,试验池比对照池每亩增产11.99%,节省电44.5度,净利润提高40.9%。     

Atmospheric Effects of the Emerging Mainland Chinese Transportation System at and Beyond the Regional Scale

Local surface travel needs in the Peoples Republic of China (mainlandChina) have traditionally been met largely by nonpolluting bicycles. A majorautomobile manufacturing/importing effort has begun in the country over thelast decade, and planning documents indicate that the Chinese may strive toacquire more than 100 million vehicles early in the next century. By analogywith large automotive fleets already existing in the western world, bothregional and global scale pollution effects are to be expected from theincrease. The present work adopts the latest projections of Chinese automobilemanufacture and performs some quantitative assessments of the extent ofpollution generation.Focus for the investigation is placed upon the oxidant ozone. Emissions of theprecursor species nitrogen oxides and volatile organics are constructed basedon data for the current automotive sector in the eastern portion of the UnitedStates. Ozone production is first estimated from measured values forcontinental/oceanic scale yields relative to precursor oxidation. Theestimates are then corroborated through idealized two dimensional modeling ofthe photochemistry taking place in springtime air flow off the Asian land massand toward the Pacific Ocean. The projected fleet sizes could increase coastaland remote oceanic ozone concentrations by tens of parts per billion (ppb)in the lower troposphere. Influences on the tropospheric aerosol system andon the major greenhouse gas carbon dioxide are treated peripherally. Nitrogenoxides created during the vehicular internal combustion process willcontribute to nitrate pollution levels measured in the open Pacific. Thepotential for soot and fugitive dust increases should be considered as theautomotive infrastructure develops. Since the emerging Chinese automotivetransportation system will represent a substantial addition to the globalfleet and all the carbon in gasoline is eventually oxidized completely, asignificant rise in global carbon dioxide inputs will ensue as well.Some policy issues are treated preliminary. The assumption is made thatalterations to regional oxidant/aerosol systems and to terrestrial climate areconceivable. The likelihood that the Chinese can achieve the latest vehiclefleet goals is discussed, from the points of view of new production, positivepollution feedbacks from a growing automobile industry, and known petroleumreserves. Vehicular fuel and maintenance options lying before the Chinese areoutlines and compared. To provide some perspective on the magnitude of theenvironmental changes associated with an Asian automotive buildup, recentestimates of the effects of future air traffic over the Pacific Rim aredescribed.     

河南南召县银洞山铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征研究

河南南召县银洞山铅锌矿床地处兰草—回龙多金属IV级成矿带中段,是中国中部重要的多金属成矿远景区。文章通过对银洞山铅锌矿床地质特征、岩矿石岩相学特征、地球化学特征进行分析,认为区内的栾川群煤窑沟组、NWW—NW向断裂构造和燕山期花岗岩对成矿有十分重要的作用,成矿物质主要来源于燕山期花岗岩,有部分来自地层;并认为该矿床为岩浆热液型矿床。     

北祁连东段柏木峡—门岗峡地区蛇绿岩的识别及其区域构造意义

为加强对北祁连早古生代多岛弧盆系蛇绿混杂岩的调查,选取柏木峡—门岗峡蛇绿岩开展岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。柏木峡—门岗峡蛇绿岩位于青海省海东市互助县,构造上处于北祁连造山带中东段。由橄榄岩、辉长岩和基性火山岩组成较为完整的蛇绿岩单元。对辉长岩进行单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(525.2±1.1) Ma(MSWD=0.06),代表了蛇绿岩的形成年龄,相当于早寒武世。岩石地球化学研究表明,该蛇绿岩中的基性火山岩属于拉斑系列,具有洋岛玄武岩的地球化学特征;玄武岩Th/Yb-Nb/Yb和TiO₂/Yb-Nb/Yb等构造环境判别图显示,该套蛇绿岩的形成环境与俯冲作用无关。结合详细的野外调查和区域对比,认为该蛇绿岩代表早古生代北祁连洋壳,与玉石沟—川刺沟等蛇绿岩共同构成了达坂山—玉石沟蛇绿岩带。     

东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑地区晚三叠世花岗闪长斑岩年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素特征

笔者等对东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑花岗闪长斑岩开展详细的全岩地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素研究,确定其形成时代,并探讨其岩石成因及成岩构造背景。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为231.1±1.2 Ma,指示其侵位于晚三叠世早期。全岩K₂O/Na₂O值为0.69～0.71,Mg^#值为40.5～41.6,里特曼指数σ为1.90～2.09,A/CNK=1.01～1.03,属弱过铝质中—高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石的轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)_N值为19.54～25.52,具弱负Eu异常(δEu为0.96～0.97),富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,具有高的Sr含量(606.0×10^-6～647.9×10^-6)和Sr/Y值(60.38～62.99),较低的Y(9.62×10^-6～10.66×10^-6)和Yb(0.86     

苏州市区多种地下地质资源协同开发利用研究

地下空间、地下水、浅层地热能和地质材料是重要的地下地质资源,协同开发利用是大势所趋。苏州既是历史文化名城又是现代国际化大都市,城市发展至今对地下地质资源的需求相当迫切。通过对苏州各类地下地质资源的的识别分析,表明其具备分别开发地下空间、地下水、浅层地热能和地质材料资源的能力。若多种资源协同开发,平面上开发利用条件较好,竖向尺度地下浅层到次深层适宜地下空间和地质材料的协同开发,而深层适宜以浅层地热能为主的协同开发。结合苏州国土空间发展格局和地下资源的优势分布特征,城镇空间建议采取“地下空间+浅层地热能”的协同利用模式;农业空间建议采取以“浅层地热能”为主的协同利用模式;生态空间予以生态环境保护。     

一种新的土方量测算方法及其精度分析

土方计算与工程造价和其方案比选直接相关。提出并分析了一种无须实测地形就可计算土方量方法。使用Google Earth高程数据采集工具,按指定间距和边界采集地形特征点数据,并生成等高线图。使用南方CASS DTM方法计算土方量,并与后期实测1:500地形图的计算结果比对,分析了其偏差。结果显示该方法满足土方量概算要求,可以提供最优的场平标高。该方法在新建工程勘测设计中具有普遍实用性,具备推广意义。     

基于GIS和RS的延安地区土地利用及生态脆弱性评价

基于延安市8个区县1997年、2004年和2011年的TM影像数据,运用遥感和地理信息系统软件,对延安地区自退耕还林(草)政策实施以来土地利用动态变化的数量、速度及其空间格局特征进行了定量分析,并结合经济、社会和自然因素数据,通过主成分分析法对延安地区生态脆弱性进行评价。结果表明,1997年至2011年,延安地区的土地利用类型发生了很大变化。耕地面积呈现减少的趋势;居民用地面积处于增长的态势;林地面积增加,并且后期的增加速度明显大于前期;草地面积有小幅度的减少;未利用地和水体面积呈先减少后增加的趋势。生态脆弱性评估表明,在延安地区的8个区县中,北部四县的生态脆弱性指数比南部四县高。在1997年至2011年期间,研究区域内生态环境脆弱性指数逐渐减小,生态环境安全性逐渐增强。     

水库联合运行对库下汛期河道过水断面形态参数变化率的影响——以黄河内蒙古河段为例

水库联合运行对于库下河道的影响是河流地貌学近年来的热点问题,如何定量表征河道的因应调整则是其难点所在。基于同水位河道过水断面形态参数变化率分析方法,针对黄河内蒙古河段磴口、巴彦高勒、三湖河口、头道拐4个水文站,利用刘家峡水库、龙羊峡水库联合运行之前的1978-1982年、之后的2008-2012年汛期前后实测断面资料,计算了相应年份上述各站同水位下的河道断面面积、水面宽、平均水深等特征参数在经历汛期冲刷后的变化率。结果表明,每年在经历汛期洪水冲刷之后,上述形态参数总体上以增大为主,变化率为正值;大型水库联合运行之前与之后的两个时期相比,同水位下河道断面面积、水面宽和平均水深的变化率分别减小了3.4、3.5和2.8倍。过水断面形态参数的沿程空间变化也由之前的上凸形曲线变为之后增减相间的"S"形曲线。其原因在于,大型水库联合运行削减了洪峰流量、降低了汛期最大流速,从而导致洪水造床能力显著变弱,河道断面形态参数的变化率因之显著减小。大型水库联合运行使黄河内蒙古河道明显萎缩,这不利于可能遭遇的极端大洪水的安全行洪,因此,需要合理利用这些水库的调节功能,有效控制汛期总水沙量和洪峰流量,避免因过度调节而使河道持续萎缩,为可能出现的极端大洪水的安全行洪创造条件。     

1990-2009年珠三角县域城市潜力的时空关联分析(英文)

According to the highway data and some socioeconomic data of 1990, 1994, 2000, 2005 and 2009 of county units in the Pearl River Delta, this paper measured urban integrated power of different counties in different years by factor analysis, and estimated each county’s potential in each year by means of expanded potential model. Based on that, the spatio-temporal association patterns and evolution of county potential were analyzed using spatio-temporal autocorrelation methods, and the validity of spatio-temporal association patterns was verified by comparing with spatial association patterns and cross-correlation function. The main results are shown as follows:(1) The global spatio-temporal association of county potential showed a positive effect during the study period. But this positive effect was not strong, and it had been slowly strengthened during 1994–2005 and decayed during 2005–2009. The local spatio-temporal association characteristics of most counties’ potential kept relatively stable and focused on a positive autocorrelation, however, there were obvious transformations in some counties among four types of local spatio-temporal association(i.e., HH, LL, HL and LH).(2) The distribution difference and its change of local spatio-temporal association types of county potential were obvious. Spatio-temporal HH type units were located in the central zone and Shenzhen-Dongguan region of the eastern zone, but the central spatio-temporal HH area shrunk to the Guangzhou-Foshan core metropolitan region only after 2000; the spatio-temporal LL area in the western zone kept relatively stable with a surface-shaped continuous distribution pattern, new LL type units emerged in the south-central zone since 2005, the eastern LL area expanded during 1994–2000, but then gradually shrunk and scattered at the eastern edge in 2009; the spatio-temporal HL and LH areas varied significantly.(3) The local spatio-temporal association patterns of county potential among the three zones presented significant disparity, and obvious difference between the eastern and central zones tended to decrease, whereas that between the western zone and the central and eastern zones further expanded.(4) Spatio-temporal autocorrelation methods can efficiently mine the spatio-temporal association patterns of county potential, and can better reveal the complicated spatio-temporal interaction between counties than ESDA methods.