NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE PADDY FIELDS IN THE YANGTZE DELTA OF CHINA

A numerical simulation model is presented in this paper,which comprises the processes ofcrop growth,soil organic carbon decomposition,and methane emissions in agroecosystems.Simulation results show that the model can simulate the main process of methane emissions well,and the correlation coefficient between the simulated values and observed data is 0.79 with 239samples,which passed a significance test of 0.01.The average error of methane emissionsimulation in whole growth period is about 15%.Numerical analysis of the model indicates that theaverage temperature during rice growth period has much impacts on methane emissions,and thebasic trend of interannual methane emissions is similar to that of average temperature.The amountof methane emissions reduces about 34.93%,when the fertilizer is used instead of manure in singlerice paddy.     

《气象与环境科学》征稿简则

依据最新的大气分子光谱数据集(HITRAN 2004),利用逐线积分辐射传输模式,模拟计算了大气顶射出红外辐射光谱及其对大气CO2浓度变化的灵敏度,发现:大气CO2 4.3 μm吸收带,特别是2 2412 249 cm-1、2 2502 258 cm-1、2 2592 267 cm-1和2 3822 390 cm-1波段射出的红外辐射,随CO2浓度的增加而显著降低,且很少受其他大气成分变化干扰,因此特别适于用来遥感探测大气CO2浓度的变化.根据最优非线性反演方法,反演获得了015 km的大气CO2廓线,结果表明,利用上述4个通道的红外辐射值,可精确反演出自由对流层的CO2浓度变化.     

基于陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价方法探讨

海洋、海岸带蕴含的资源丰富,与人类生存发展息息相关。近年来,随着海洋经济的迅速增长,自然岸线和滨海湿地面积减少、生物多样性降低、典型生态系统受损、近岸海域灾害频发、渔业资源减少等问题日益显现。如何从战略高度提升海洋经济,开发和保护并举,确保海岸带、海洋资源取用合理是新时代的重要课题。陆地和海洋是生态系统不可分割的组成部分,开展陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价是衡量区域经济发展与生态环境是否协调可持续发展的有效途径。文章系统地梳理了承载力概念的发展历程,对比了常用的海洋资源环境承载力评价方法,初步构建了陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,并提出使用熵值法来确定指标权重,采用状态空间评价模型或TOPSIS模型进行承载力综合评价,可以体现陆地和海洋相互影响、相互制约的关系,并具有较强的可操作性,评价结果可以反映区域资源环境承载力的空间差异或随时间变化情况,能够为海洋和海岸带保护利用提供有效借鉴。     

武汉市轨道交通站点周边地区职住平衡与建成环境的关系研究

轨道交通的快速发展提高了通勤可达性,也被认为在重构城市职住空间格局进而影响职住关系方面产生重大影响.探究城市轨道交通站点周边地区(下称轨交站点周边地区)就地职住平衡与建成环境的关系,对于通过建成环境设计促进站点尺度职住"微平衡",调节由于轨道交通所导致的区域性职住分离意义重大.本文基于武汉市189个轨交站点刷卡数据,首...     

川东地区下三叠统嘉陵江组储层沥青的油源

用色谱-质谱分析方法鉴定出川东地区下三叠统嘉陵江组储层沥青饱和烃和芳烃馏分中的生物标志物,研究了生物标志物特征及热演化特征,其中以藿烷系列和规则甾烷系列丰度高为最主要特征。上二叠统长兴组和龙潭组烃源岩与该储层沥青具有相似的生物标志物指纹特征及热演化特征,普遍存在γ-胡萝卜烷、β-胡萝卜烷和伽马蜡烷,因此认为它们是该储层沥青的主要烃源岩。     

Characteristics and provenance implication of detrital minerals since Marine Isotope Stage 3 in Core SYS-0701 in the western South Huanghai Sea

The previous studies of the sedimentology and chronology of sediment core SYS-0701, which was recovered from the western South Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea), have revealed the changes in the sea-level and sedimentary evolution during the late Quaternary in the region. The present study used mineralogical data from the section of the core deposited since Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3, to decipher the provenance of sediments of the paleo-delta deposited during MIS 3 and MIS 1. Based on the lithologic features and the variations with depth of the concentrations of carbonates and both heavy and light minerals in bulk samples, the upper part of Core SYS-0701 can be divided into three units designated DU1, DU4, and DU5, in accord with previously used terminology. Sub-units of units DU1 (DU1-1 and DU1-2) and DU4 (DU4-1 and DU4-2) have also been identified. DU1 was deposited during MIS 1, and DU4 and DU 5 were formed during MIS 3. All data pertaining to dominant heavy mineral assemblages, diagnostic minerals, ratios of diagnostic minerals, light mineral associations, textural maturities, and carbonate contents, indicate that the sediments of Core SYS-0701 are comparable with Huanghe River (Yellow River) sediments. Moreover, the mineralogy of the sediment evidenced its dependence on supply rates and hydrodynamic conditions. Weak hydrodynamics (DU5 and DU4-2) and/or low sediment supply (DU1-2) led to sediment containing less hornblende and epidote, with a large specific gravity and high content of flaky minerals, and vice versa in cases of strong hydrodynamics (DU4-1) and very large sediment supply (DU1-1).     

土地开发利用中土壤氡气的检测与评价

对土地开发利用中土壤氡检测及其环境质量评价进行了探讨,提出了土壤氡气现场调查的技术要点,以氡浓度与表面氡析出率指标确定环境质量评价分级,并对相应的土地利用作了分析。     

新疆沙尔布拉克蛇绿岩岩石地球化学特征及形成时代

介绍了沙尔布拉克蛇绿岩物质组成、岩石地球化学特征及形成时代,并探讨其就位机制。该蛇绿岩套包括蛇绿岩残片、上覆岩系、外来岩块3部分,其中镁铁质火山岩具亏损高场强元素和富集大离子亲石元素特征,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线总体平坦,分馏程度较弱,说明岩浆地幔源区可能卷入岛弧火山岩和洋中脊玄武岩成份,获得玄武岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为（322±9）Ma,认为沙尔布拉克蛇绿岩与库尔提蛇绿岩形成环境较相似,均形成于弧后盆地。就位过程应包括俯冲过程中的侵位、碰撞过程的侵位、地壳缩短期的侵位和阿尔泰南缘二叠纪地壳伸展减薄阶段的改造等。     

四川荥经县羊儿窝铅锌矿床成矿规律分析

羊儿窝铅锌矿床产于花岗岩与白云岩的不整合面附近破碎带内,矿体呈透镜状、扁豆状、似层状;矿石类型为方铅矿、闪锌矿;铅锌的形成与断裂构造、热液活动、生物活动等有非常密切的关系,矿床成因为热卤水型铅锌矿床。     

Probabilistic assessment of tephra fallout hazard at Changbaishan volcano,Northeast China

Natural Hazards - Tephra fallout is an important type of hazard caused by volcanic eruption, and is also one of the main hazards at Changbaishan volcano, Northeast China. Numerical simulation is an...