南方片水文资料整汇编软件系统开发与应用

20多年来,计算机技术在水文资料整编方面得到了广泛的应用。目前,随着水文行业新仪器新技术的普遍应用, 迫切需要在视窗操作系统下开发一套功能齐全、操作简便的水文资料整汇编系统。南方片水文资料整汇编软件系统,以先进的计算机软件技术,用可视化编程语言Microsoft Visual Studio 6．0开发了界面友好、操作简便易行的水文资料整汇编软件系统。文中阐述了软件系统的开发目标、设计思路、技术路线以及系统实现等。     

Q2、Q3黄土深堑中高填方地基变形规律离心模型试验研究

采用大尺寸原状黄土与重塑黄土联合制作模型,针对Q2、Q3黄土深堑中超高填方地基在天然含水率及饱和状态时的沉降变形规律开展大型离心模型试验研究,系统模拟了超高黄土填方地基在施工期及工后期的变形规律。结果表明：此类高填方地基的施工期沉降变形是总变形量主要组成部分;地基填筑完毕后表面沉槽轮廓清晰,填筑过程中沉降速率随施工填方高度增加而增大,沉降变形中部大、两侧小,且填方体与原地基结合部位的变形缓坡较陡坡一侧小;天然状态下的地基整体沉降变形较小,差异变形量较大,饱和状态下的地基沉降变形增大,差异变形量较小,稳定性较差,差异变形使得原地基与填方体极易发生错动开裂。根据模型试验的分析规律,建议此类地基施工过程中宜对填方体与原地基接触带进行处理,以改善填方体约束条件,同时,填筑完工前可预留一定高度,待前期变形基本完成后,再施工至设计标高,以防止过大差异变形导致的工后开裂。     

中国西部地区猎隼(Falco cherrug)繁殖生物学与保护

自2001-2006年,中国科学院与英国鸟类研究中心联合对新疆准噶尔盆地和昆仑山、青海玉树地区、西藏那曲地区的猎隼(Falco cherrug)分布状况与繁殖生态进行深入调查。考察行程上万公里。卫星跟踪显示在俄罗斯、蒙古繁殖的猎隼迁往青藏高原越冬。但是,实地调查表明,在新-青-藏还有一些繁殖种群;繁殖区的海拔高度从600 m,上升至5 200 m。根据观察,猎隼喜欢沿用旧巢,多数巢属于"垃圾巢"。因为高原缺乏合适的巢材,那些人类遗弃的皮管、铁丝、皮带、破布、汽车零件、骨片、绳子等垃圾充斥于巢穴之中。考察期间,共找到100多只猎隼成鸟、约35个猎隼巢或巢区;分布地点涉及昆仑山脉、准噶尔盆地、卡拉麦里山脉、北塔山、可可西里、唐古拉山脉等,包括新疆奇台、且末、青河、塔城,青海楚玛尔河、五道梁、曲麻莱、雁石坪、玉树,西藏安多、那曲等。猎隼巢址多位于悬崖凹陷处(21个)、河岸砂土洞(5)、桥梁(2)等处;巢高于地面7~30 m。通常沿用渡鸦、大鵟、棕尾鵟、金雕的旧巢,有同步繁殖现象。附近有鼠兔、雪雀、地鸦、岩鸽、石鸡、沙鸡等活动。巢区沿着山脉或者丘陵连续分布,巢间距最近2.5 km,通常4~8 km或更远。在准噶尔盆地其繁殖密度1.1~1.6对/1 000 km2。通常4~5月产卵,窝卵数3~5枚;5月上旬和中旬已有部分幼鸟出壳。虽然在中国捕捉猎隼现象十分猖獗,但考察结果依然令人振奋。建议中国猎隼研究小组(CSRG)积极开展国际合作,通过卫星跟踪、GPS定位、电子微芯片标记(PIT)、DNA指纹图谱分析、人工猎隼栖架和巢穴招引技术等,不断完善监测手段和管理机制,为猎隼的保护与合理利用做出努力。     

东北地区佳木斯隆起与周缘中新生代盆地群的耦合关系

在对东北地区佳木斯隆起与周缘中新生代盆地群的野外地质调查和地震剖面综合解释的基础上,结合近年来的研究成果,确定了研究区的盆山耦合关系：在早白垩世发生NW－SE向伸展作用,形成广泛发育呈NE向展布的伸展盆山耦合系统;在晚白垩世受到NWW－SEE向挤压作用,形成NE－NNE向的逆冲推覆构造与挤压坳陷型盆地并存的盆山耦合系统;在渐新世－中新世受到近NS向挤压作用,不仅使白垩纪形成的NE－NNE向构造和盆地受到叠加改造,而且形成了与NS向挤压作用相伴产生的挤压坳陷型盆地,构成了广泛发育的近EW向展布的隆起和挤压坳陷盆地并存的盆山耦合系统。佳木斯隆起在中新生代的隆起作用主要是晚白垩世、渐新世－中新世2次逆冲作用叠加的结果。研究区自白垩纪以来始终处于活动大陆边缘的大地构造背景。上述3个阶段的盆山耦合机制与太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲作用有关。     

New Recognized Intellect for Prospecting Large‐superlarge Mineral Deposits

Based on the data base of 1285 mineral deposits of 22 commodities in 121 countries of 6 continents of the world, the authors use the linear trend analysis for their reserves to determine the cut-off limited order of reserves to select 36 exceptional superlarge (as peak mineral), 95 superlarge and 314 large deposits as new recognized intellect for their quantitative change. We have projected above 445 large-superlarge deposits on (1:5 M) global tectonic background map and divided 4 metallogenic domains, 21 metallogenic belts. Global metallogeny of large-superlarge deposits are: unity by endogenic, exogenic metamorphic and epigenetic in origin; speciality in different metallogenic domains and belts; preferentiality to ore-forming elements of Cu, Au, Fe, Ag, Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb, Sb, Hg, to continental margins or plate convergent belts, to Intra-continental tectono-magmatic complex belts and Large ductile shear zones; abnormality by the global oxyatmversion (excess oxygen atmospheric event) in Archean, redoxyatmversion (lack oxygen atmospheric event) in Proterozoic-Paleozoic, and tectonosphere thermal erosion (great amount of tectonic magmatic event) in Mesozoic-Cenozoic.     

Pressure-Temperature Contours and PT Paths of the Early Precambrian Rocks through the Yinshan Area and Their Implication to the Crustal Evolution

Four distinct lithe-tectonic belts (zones) in the Yinshan area, North China, were identified by pressure-temperature contours and litho-tectonic features, such as the Sanggan granulite belt, Jining metasedimentary belt. Wulashan-Daqingshan front tectonic zone and Se' eratengshan belt. This area witnessed two important thermo-tectonic events. The older one is c. 2.5 Ga while the younger one c. 1.9 Ga. The Se' ertengshan Neoarchaean terrane features a clockwise PT path with the decompression ranging from > 1500 MPa to 800-1000 MPa in the Se' ertengshan belt, which implies an island arc setting. The Sanggan belt is a Mesoarchaean microcontinent reworked by Neoarchaean magma underplating, which shows an counterclockwise PT path. During the Palaeoproterozoic period, two Archaean continent (arc) collided. The Archaean basement of the Sanggan and Wulashan-Daqingshan belts overthrust northwards, the PTt paths of basement show a decompression from 1000-1200 MPa to 500-700 MPa. The PT paths of the Jining and Erda     

掺氧空气—乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量钡

提出掺氧空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量钡的新方法。使用磺基水杨酸作保护剂消除铝对钡的挥发原子化干扰，KCl作消电离剂消除钡的电离干扰。方法的检出限（K＝3）为0.04mg/L。方法已应用于测定地质标准样品中的微量钡，结果与标准值相符，对GBW07103试样测定6次，RSD为5.4%。     

原油运移过程中的氮同位素分馏作用

辽河高升油田和塔里木轮南14井为实例，探索了原油横向和纵向运移过程中氮同位素的分馏作用，初步探讨了原油中含氮有机化合物的运移机制。在莲花油层中，原油沿横向运移约10km后，δ^15N值由12．80‰逐渐变化为11．07‰，下降了1.73‰。在轮南14井由下至上753m厚的五个油层中，原油δ^15N值由0.24‰逐渐变化到－2．92‰，下降了3．19‰。两个实例均表明，原油的运移过程会引起δ^15N值下降。     

塔里木盆地YN2井储层沥青的地球化学特征及成因分析

塔里木盆地东北部英吉苏凹陷YN 2井侏罗系、志留系储层分布有固体沥青,通过对此固体沥青的地球化学特征进行分析,并根据生物标志物组合特征,进行储层固体沥青-烃源岩中抽提物组成特征的地球化学对比研究,结果表明:YN 2井侏罗系、志留系储层沥青属于混合成因的固体沥青,主要由古油藏石油热蚀变作用造成的,并遭受了一定程度的生物降解;其正构烷烃呈双峰型前峰态或前峰型分布,主峰碳主要为nC16,饱和烃色谱基线下存在未分辨的复杂混合物。伽马蜡烷含量较高,ααα20R甾烷C27,C28,C29呈V型分布,ααα20R甾烷C27含量大于ααα20R甾烷C29为主。在m/z177色质谱图存在25-降藿烷。表明YN 2井的储层沥青遭受了生物降解。     

Fractal and Multifractal Propertiesof the Spatial Distribution of Natural Fractures——Analyses and Applications

The Cantor's dust theory is applied to investigate the scaling properties of the spatial distribution of natural fractures obtained from detailed scanline surveys of 27 field sites in the Appalachian Plateau of western New York, USA. The results obtained in this study indicate: 1) fracture spacing is characterized by fractal and multifractal properties. On small scales analyses yield an average fractal dimension of 0.15, which suggests a very high degree of clustering. In contrast, on large scales, fractures tend to be more regular and evenly distributed with an average fracture dimension of 0.52; 2) fractal dimension varies with different sets in different orientations, which can be attributed to interactions between pre-existing fractures and younger ones, as well as variations of the intensity of the stresses under which the fractures were formed; 3) a time sequence of fracture set formation can be proposed based on fractal and multifractal analyses, which consists of (from old to young): N-S, NW, EN