测绘工程专业就业见习现状调查与思考

近几年,大学生就业难的问题日益凸显,用人单位对毕业生工作经验的要求是谋职的重要环节之一,特别是对测绘工程专业毕业生来讲是必不可少的.在简要分析国内外就业见习现状的基础上,详细分析测绘工程专业就业见习的现状.最后从政府、用人单位、学校及毕业生四个方面分别阐述了目前存在的问题与思考.     

Lost in translation? Standardising the terminology used in marine invasion biology and updating South African alien species lists

Confusion between terms and ambiguities among definitions have long plagued the field of invasion biology. One result is disruption in flow of information from researchers to policy-makers and managers who rely on science to inform regulatory frameworks and management actions. We reviewed the South African marine biology literature to quantify the current usage of terminology describing marine invasions and found a variety of terms in use, few of which are defined when used. In response, we propose standard terminology that aligns with international practice. We then interpreted the Blackburn unified framework for biological invasions within the marine context and used this as a transparent way to apply the standardised terms to an updated list of marine alien species for the country. This resulted in the recognition of 36 alien and 53 invasive species within South Africa. Most notably, follow-up research is required to confirm the status of at least 11 listed species, the majority of which have been recorded only once, or not in the past 25 years. It is hoped that by standardising terminology, marine science in South Africa will better support authorities charged with managing the threat posed by marine alien species.     

Chondrichthyans as an umbrella species-complex for conserving South African biodiversity

Conservation surrogates, such as umbrella and flagship species, could help focus South Africa’s limited resources for research and management and enhance the conservation gains from marine protected areas (MPAs). Sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes), which are charismatic and ecologically diverse, are potential umbrella candidates, but tests of the ecological suitability of putative marine umbrella species are lacking. Using baited remote underwater video in and around two MPAs in the Western Cape Province, we assessed the potential of chondrichthyans as an umbrella species-complex by quantifying the relationships and co-occurrence patterns between chondrichthyan abundance and diversity and those of other taxa (primarily teleosts and crustaceans). Sites with abundant chondrichthyans, with catsharks or large sharks (>1 m total length), all had significantly greater abundance and diversity of these other taxa, and associations with species of commercial and conservation interest (e.g. roman Chrysoblephus laticeps). Endemic scyliorhinids (notably dark catshark Haploblepharus pictus) and the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus also had many strong positive co-occurrences (28% and 21% of interactions, respectively). The puffadder catshark H. edwardsii had the highest centrality of any species, denoting its high connectedness to other taxa. Overall, chondrichthyans, especially the dark and puffadder catsharks and the broadnose sevengill shark, show strong potential as an umbrella species-complex in South Africa.     

用碳纤维布改善钢筋混凝土极短柱抗震性能的试验研究

本文进行了5根钢筋混凝土极短柱（λ=1.0）在周期反复荷载作用下的试验，研究了使用碳纤维布横向包裹钢筋混凝土极短柱以提高其延性这种加固方法的有效性。本文研究了碳纤维布横向包裹钢筋混凝土极短柱的受力特性，分析了碳纤维布抗拉强度对试件抗震性能的影响，并对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土极短柱使其延性提高的机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明，横向包裹碳纤维布可显著提高钢筋混凝土极短柱的变形性能。     

MC-ICP-MS高精度测定Pb同位素比值

多接收器等离子体质谱是近年发展起来的高精度同位素分析手段之一，通过用等离子体质谱测量Pb国际标准物质NBS981和NBS982,显示出多接收器等离子体质谱分析Pb同位素的优势。利用205Tl/203Tl进行作为内标，可以实现Pb同位素的质量分馏校正，极大地提高了Pb同位素分析的重现性。相比较热电离质谱，该方法精度更高，样品的用量更少，测试时间更短，多接收器等离子体质谱测定Pb同位素技术有良好的应用前景。