A study of C3HD in cold interstellar clouds

We have detected the 1(10)-1(01) transition of C3HD at 19.418 GHz at twelve positions in cold, dark clouds and resolved the D hyperfine components in two sources (L1498 and TMC-1C) well enough to derive values for the D quadrupole coupling constants. Simultaneous observations of C3H2 in each source yield relative integrated line intensities in the range 0.10-0.18, from which we derive relative [C3HD]/[C3H2] abundances in the range 0.05-0.15. These are among the highest deuteration ratios yet observed. Within the limits of the observational and modeling uncertainties it is possible to explain the derived [C3HD]/[C3H2] ratios by ion-molecule chemistry if [e-] approximately 3 x 10(-7).     

Short-term environmental impact of clam dredging in coastal waters (south of Portugal): chemical disturbance and subsequent recovery of seabed

The physical and chemical changes in sediment and near bottom water caused by clam dredging were examined during July and September 1999, at two locations Vilamoura (VL) and Armona (AR), south coast of Portugal. Sediment cores and near bottom water were collected simultaneously before dredging (control samples) and within short time intervals (min-h) after dredging. After dredging operations, microphytobenthos coming from the path were accumulated in the re-worked sediment (ridge). Chlorophyll a in superficial sediment increased from 1.2 microg x g(-1) before dredging to 1.7 microg x g(-1) after dredging and these higher values remained for a few hours. However, the expected increase of chlorophyll a in near bottom water due to re-suspension was not observed. After sediment disturbance an instantaneous sorption of phosphorus onto iron oxides occurred in the upper sediment layers (from 2 to 3 micromol x g(-1) before dredging to 4-5 micromol x g(-1) after dredging). A microcosm experiment showed that after sediment disturbance HPO(4)(2-) dissolved in pore water decreased from 40 to 10 microM being simultaneously sorbed onto iron oxides formed in the top layer of sediment. The ammonium, nitrates, organic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate dissolved in pore water decreased immediately after dredging activity and simultaneously an increase in near bottom water was sporadically observed. Generally, the re-establishment of seabed was reached within a short time (min-h), at both stations (VL and AR).     

Web GIS技术在城市动态监督管理中的应用——以北京市规划建设竣工项目动态监督管理系统为例

在分析万维网地理信息系统(Web GIS)实现技术的基础上,探讨如何把ArcIMS和ASP．NET技术相结合开发基于Web GIS的辅助于专业办公的竣工项目动态监督管理系统。系统的建立弥补了纸质地图对北京市建设状况反应滞后的缺陷,实现了城市建设工程项目监管部门办公自动化,提供了更高效的监督管理手段,体现了Web GIS与专业办公系统相结合的新思路。     

武陵山片区县域经济的空间差异分析

针对武陵山片区县域经济的空间特征差导分析问题,该文获取了片区内71个县市区2010—2013年间的人均GDP和人口数据;在ArcGIS中建立了以县域为界线的行政区划图,分别应用探索性空间数据分析方法、泰尔指数、NICH指数分析了县域经济的空间差异,结果表明:在2010—2013年间县域经济呈空间正相关;类型以"传染"型县域为主,主要分布在湖南、贵州片区内;县域经济类型比较平稳,仅有少数县域经济类型波动剧烈。片区内首位县域不明显,4年间县域经济差异变化总体趋于平稳,呈微缩小趋势;湖北片区内差异最大,重庆片区内保持平稳状态。相对而言湖北、重庆片区为经济高增长型县域集聚区。     

The impact of coastal urbanization on the structure of phytobenthic communities in southern Brazil

The anthropogenic pressures on coastal areas represent important factors affecting local, regional, and even global patterns of distribution and abundance of benthic organisms. This report undertakes a comparative analysis of the community structure of rocky shore intertidal phytobenthos in both pristine like environments (PLE) and urbanized environments (UBE) in southern Brazil, characterizing variations on different spatial scales. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the PLE is characterized by a larger number of taxa and an increased occurrence of Rhodophyta species in relation to UBE. In contrast, UBE were dominated by opportunistic algae, such as Cladophora and Ulva spp. Significance tests further indicated higher species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity on the PLE in relation to UBE. Here we provide data showing the magnitude of seaweed biodiversity loss and discuss direct and indirect consequences of unplanned urbanization on these communities.     

Biomarkers and environmental risk assessment: guiding principles from the human health field

Although the potential use of biomarkers within environmental risk assessment (ERA) has long been recognised their routine use is less advanced compared with clinical human health risk assessment, where a number of familiar biomarkers (such as blood pressure and serum cholesterol) are in common usage. We have examined how biomarkers are incorporated into human health risk assessment and have identified several 'required elements'. These include identification of the (clinical) assessment endpoint at the outset, rational selection of the biomarker(s) (the measurement endpoint), biomarker 'validation' (e.g. QA/QC) and biomarker 'qualification' (evidence linking the measurement and assessment endpoints). We discuss these elements in detail and propose that their adoption will facilitate the routine use of biomarkers in environmental risk assessment. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the need for cooperation between those working with biomarkers within human and environmental risk assessment to exchange best practice between common disciplines for mutual advantage.     

一种电子经纬仪立木材积精准测算方法

伐倒树木测量其材积是传统林业一直惯用的方法,其精度高,但该过程是破坏性实验,不但严重破坏了生态环境,而且花费大量的财力和物力,传统一些无伐倒估量材积方法的精度又太低。针对当今高度重视生态文明建设,对林业量测的有了精准的要求,本文提出一种利用电子经纬仪测量立木材积的方法：通过采集树木的胸径、地径、和电子经纬仪与树干任意处左右两侧切线的夹角,根据区分求积法原理精准计算立木材积;并对影响该方法精度的因数（观测距离、区分段个数）进行分析,研究表明,该方法量测材积精度高达92%以上,且最佳观测距离应与树高相当,2米左右为最佳区分段高度。该方法可替代伐倒树木测量材积的方法,并且它在森林计测中有广泛的应用前景。     

构建具有农业资源与生态环境管理特色的农林院校测绘学科

结合农林院校测绘学科的特点,提出测绘学教学体系整体优化和教学与科研联动等措施.以3S技术、地形图、影像图等应用为中心,将测绘学教学与青年教师的培养相结合,教学与科研相结合,培养学生的实际动手能力,构建3S技术服务于农业资源与生态环境管理为特色的测绘学科.     

城镇土地调查及宗地图成图方法研究

阐述了城镇宗地权属调查和宗地草图的绘制方法,并综合利用GPS、RTK技术和全站仪进行地籍控制测量和碎部测量,得到碎部点和界址点的坐标。通过南方CASS自动化成图软件利用测得的碎部点编制矢量化地籍图,将外业获得的宗地草图和测得的矢量化地籍图对照,把宗地草图上的地籍要素标注到矢量化地籍图上,形成符合标准的地籍图。     

房屋震害预测数字化辅助方法

为提高房屋震害预测效率,将数字化技术应用于房屋震害预测分类工作中。利用航空摄影测量、遥感及地理信息系统技术,提出两种房屋震害预测分类数字化辅助方法。若预测区域有符合条件的遥感影像对,利用航空摄影测量技术可获得DSM及DEM模型,进一步从层数上对建筑物进行分类。另一种方法则是利用遥感技术提取有关建筑物阴影信息,由阴影计算建筑物层数,进而对建筑物进行分类。利用地理信息系统自动统计不同类建筑物总面积,画出不同类建筑的地理分布图。与传统方法相比,这种方法效率高,可以纵览全局,减少房屋震害预测现场调查工作量,提高震害预测工作效率。