Application of MODIS satellite products to the air pollution research in Beijing

The direct correlation between NASA MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) products and the air pollution index (API) in Beijing was found relatively low based on the long-term comparison analysis. The correlation improved to some extent after taking account of the seasonal variation of scale height and the vertical distribution of aerosols. The correlation coefficient further improved significantly after considering the influencing factor of Relative Humidity (RH). This study concluded that satellite remote-sensing could serve as an efficient tool for monitoring the spatial distribution of particulate pollutants on the ground-level, as long as corrections have been made in the two aforementioned processes. Taking advantage of the MODIS information, we analyzed a pollution episode occurring in October 2004 in Beijing. It indicated that satellite remote-sensing could describe the formation process of the ground-level pollution episode in detail, and showed that regional transport and the topography were crucial factors to air quality in Beijing. The annual averaged distribution in the urban area of Beijing and its surroundings could be also obtained from the high-resolution retrieval results, implicating that high-resolution satellite remote-sensing might be potential in monitoring the source distribution of particulate pollutants.     

冀北张家口地区汉诺坝玄武岩中麻粒岩捕虏体的硫化物相

捕虏体麻粒岩是了解下地壳形成和演化的重要样品。汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中的二辉麻粒岩捕虏体样品中富含各种硫化物相，主要类型有：①孤立产出的球状出溶硫化物；②矿物颗粒之间或颗粒内的粗晶硫化物；③次生硫化物包裹体群；④裂隙充填硫化物。电子探针分析表明，硫化物的矿物成分均为贫镍磁黄铁矿，（Ni＋Co＋Cu）／Fe（原子比）远小于0．2；（Fe＋Cu＋Co＋Ni）／S（原子比）比地幔岩的磁黄铁矿小，多小于0．875，反映了一种S过饱和环境。各种产状的磁黄铁矿中Au、Ag都有一定的含量，其平均值分别为0．19％～0.22％（Au）、0．01％～0．02％（Ag），反映下地壳的麻粒岩化与金矿化的成因联系。磁黄铁矿的Ni、Co、Cu含量与S正相关，说明微量重金属元素与S具有同源的关系，由于地幔去气伴随S而进入下地壳。     

论地质信息科学

地质信息科学是关于地质信息本质特征及其运动规律和应用方法的一个综合性学科领域.其发生和发展,是地球信息科学与地质科学相结合的产物,内部条件是地质学定量化和地矿勘查信息化的自身需要,外部条件是计算机科学和地球空间信息科学兴起和发展的促进.其研究对象是岩石圈的地质信息,其理论框架的核心是地质信息机理,包括地质信息的本质、运动规律、传输机制和信息流的形成机理等.其方法论体系包含着主题信息管理法、信息分析综合法、行为功能模拟法和系统整体优化法.其技术体系由地质数据采集、地质数据管理、地质数据处理、地质图件编绘、地质过程模拟、地质资源评价、地质信息传播及其多S集成化技术所组成.     

龙羊峡谷更新世以来气候演变特征及其对拉西瓦水电站坝区花岗岩风化作用的影响

龙羊峡谷为黄河上游水电富矿河谷段，拉西瓦水电站位于龙羊峡谷出口地段，研究龙羊峡谷更新世以来气候演变特征对于探讨拉西瓦水电站坝区自然环境发展演化与工程岩体地质过程浅表生改造均有重要意义。本文在简述了龙羊峡谷形成史之后，通过分析树木年轮法、植物孢粉法、同位素法等所获取的资料，总结了更新世以来龙羊峡地区气候演变特征。分析认为龙羊峡地区更新世以来气候以旱寒为主，这种气候特征对于拉西瓦水电站坝区花岗岩风化作用的影响主要存在于两个方面：温度变化及由此带来的冰劈作用。     

Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Early Cretaceous Mafic Dikes in Northern Jiangxi Province, SE China and Their Geodynamic Implications

The development of Early Cretaceous mafic dikes in northern and southern Jiangxi allows an understanding of the geodynamic setting and characteristics of the mantle in southeast China in the Cretaceous. Geological and geochemical characteristics for the mafic dikes from the Wushan copper deposit and No. 640 uranium deposit are given in order to constrain the nature of source mantle, genesis and tectonic implications. According to the mineral composition,the mafic dikes in northern Jiangxi can be divided into spessartite and olive odinite types, which belong to slightly potassium-rich calc-alkaline lamprophyre characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE), large depletion in high strength field elements (HSFE) and with negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies, as well as 87Sr/86Sr ratios varying from 0.7055 to 0.7095 and 143Nd/r44Nd ratios varying from 0.5119 to 0.5122.All features indicate that the magma responsible for the mafic dikes was derived mainly from metasomatic lithosphere mantle related to dehydration and/or upper crust melting during subduction. Differences in geochemical characteristics between the mafic dikes in northern Jiangxi and the Dajishan area, southern Jiangxi were also studied and they are attributed to differences in regional lithospheric mantle components and/or magma emplacement depth. Combining geological and geochemical characteristics with regional geological history, we argue that southeast China was dominated by an extensional tectonic setting in the Early Cretaceous, and the nature of the mantle source area was related to enrichment induced by asthenosphere upwelling and infiltration of upper crust-derived fluids responding to Pacific Plate subduction.     

年轻地下水测年最新技术——SF6法

SF6是一种无色、无嗅、无毒、不易燃的惰性气体,具有良好的绝缘性、灭弧性和散热性,广泛用于断路器和变压器的绝缘材料。电器设备的泄漏使得大气中SF6浓度增加很快,每年达7%,造成SF6的人工来源,此外还有天然来源。SF6通常用带电子捕获器(ECD)的气相色谱仪测定。SF6是一种新型的测定年轻地下水年龄的工具,特别适合研究1990年以后补给水的年龄。SF6年龄以亨利定律为基础计算。由于大气中SF6浓度逐年增加,比CFC测年法具有更大的优越性。     

GIS技术在勉略阳地区多金属找矿预测上的研究与应用

利用现代化计算工具，用MAPGIS地理信息系统软件的空间分析模块，对勉略阳地区化探异常进行信息处理，通过信息提取、信息关联、信息综合等信息处理过程，挖掘各种异常信息，定量圈定不同类型化探异常，并在此基础上进行初步成矿预测。     

一种加入空间关系的海岸带遥感图像分类方法

 海岸带作为海洋、陆地和大气共同作用的地带，其地物混杂度大，变化频繁，单纯利用光谱特征分类难以取得理想的精度。 但海岸带地物滨临水体，而水体与地物存在巨大光谱差异，易于识别。据此，本文尝试提出一种简单的加入空间关系的遥感图像分类 方法，即，先准确识别出海水类，然后统计非海水类的每一个像元到最近海水的空间距离。由于不同的海岸带地类距离海水的空间距 离有其自身的特点，因此，利用这一距离信息辅助分类能提高分类精度，尤其是针对那些光谱特征相近而距离相差较大的地类。     

政府空间数据共享模式探讨

分析了空间数据共享模式的技术发展,提出了以面向服务的地理网络共享模式,解决了政府空间数据共享,并以“数字广州”工程为例构建了政府空间数据共享的框架。     

多卫星区域观测任务的侧摆方案优化方法研究

提出了多颗成像卫星对某一区域目标进行观测的侧摆方案优化方法。该方法主要包括调度预处理与优化两个步骤。在调度预处理阶段，集成STK软件解决了航天观测中时间窗口难以量化计算等问题；在优化阶段，建立数学优化模型，并基于遗传算法实现了模型的求解。