2017年春季季风间期南海中北部浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物摄食

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.     

天然感潮河道水流紊动特性分析

采用多谱勒三相流速仪，在长江口徐六泾水文观测断面分别进行了涨潮、落潮时中泓与近岸垂线的流速观测，根据这些观测资料，对天然感潮河段潮流紊动的周期、频率、概率密度函数等进行了定量的数学描述，并对时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力等沿垂线分布进行了分析计算。     

中国卤虫早期胚胎发育相关基因的研究--mRNA差异显示技术的三种不同染色方法比较

利用mRNA差异显示技术研究中国孤雌生殖卤虫胚胎发育的相关基因，并对中国孤雌生殖卤虫差异显示中SYBR Green Ⅰ、硝酸银和溴化乙锭三种染色方法进行了比较。以三种单碱基锚定引物对发育0h，4h，8h，12h，16h和10天的中国孤雌生殖卤虫的RNA进行逆转录和26种随机引物进行PCR反应，经非变性的6％聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳后，分别用SYBR Green Ⅰ、硝酸银和溴化乙锭染色，最后进行差异条带的回收和再扩增。结果表明：(1)6种样本的DD-PCR产物显示长200-3．0k不等的扩增片段，条带清晰，并呈现出有无和强弱的变化(2)SYBR Green Ⅰ和硝酸银染色的灵敏度比溴化乙锭染色的灵敏度高(3)经SYBR Green Ⅰ和溴化乙锭染色的凝胶的回收和再扩增效率比硝酸银染色的高(4)水煮法和NAP-25过柱法对凝胶片段的回收效果几乎相当。利用mRNA差异显示技术研究中国孤雌生殖卤虫胚胎发育相关基因时，得到了较好的扩增片段；三种染色方法中SYBR Green Ⅰ染色灵敏度较高，并且SYBR Green Ⅰ染色有利于凝胶片段的回收和再扩增。     

西沙群岛马尾藻科的研究Ⅰ

马尾藻类是重要的经济海藻。自古以来,我国劳动人民就以马尾藻作为药材和食品；近几年来,随着医药工业的发展,马尾藻类不仅越来越广泛地用在医药上,而且成为提取褐藻胶、甘露醇、碘和氯化钾的重要工业原料之一。因此,弄清这类海藻的种类、分布和资源情况是有效地开发、利用马尾藻类海藻的前提。西沙群岛地处我国海防前哨,海洋植物资源很丰富,马尾藻类种类也较多,为了更好地开发利用西沙群岛的海藻资源,使其为祖国的社会主义建设和工、农、兵服务,中国科学院海洋研究所曾于1957年,1958年,特别是无产阶级文化大革命后的1975年,1976年前后四次对西沙群岛的海藻进行了调査,收集了大量的标本。在此基础上,我们对西沙群岛的马尾藻科海藻进行了较为系统的研究，本文仅是这项研究任务的一部分,以后将陆续整理发表。     

冲绳海槽的形成与发展

冲绳海槽是位于东海大陆架外缘、东海陆架边缘隆褶带与琉球岛弧之间的一个狭长带状弧间盆地.关于它的成因,已有古琉球弧直接张裂和断裂下陷两种观点,而笔者认为,它是由于菲律宾海板块从早中新世末以来,向欧亚大陆板块下俯冲所形成的沟-弧-盆系列的一个组成部分,在其生成和发展过程中,先后经历了拗陷、断陷和扩张三个阶段.然而,扩张刚刚开始.今后它将进一步裂开,琉球弧将更加向菲律宾海方向推进.因受调查程度的限制,本文将以冲绳海槽北半部的资料为主要依据.     

Deformation Patterns of an Accretionary Wedge in the Transition Zone from Subduction to Collision Offshore Southwestern Taiwan

Swath bathymetry data and seismic reflection profiles have been used to investigate details of the deformation pattern in the area offshore southwestern Taiwan where the Luzon subduction complex encroaches on the passive Chinese continental margin. Distinctive fold-and-thrust structures of the convergent zone and horst-and-graben structures of the passive margin are separated by a deformation front that extends NNW-ward from the eastern edge of the Manila Trench to the foot of the continental slope. This deformation front gradually turns into a NNE–SSW trending direction across the continental slope and the Kaoping Shelf, and connects to the frontal thrusts of the mountain belt on land Taiwan. However, the complex Penghu submarine canyon system blurs the exact location of the deformation front and nature of many morphotectonic features offshore SW Taiwan. We suggest that the deformation front offshore SW Taiwan does not appear as a simple structural line, but is characterized by a series of N–S trending folds and thrusts that terminate sequentially in an en-echelon pattern across the passive Chinese continental slope. A number of NE–SW trending lineaments cut across the fold-and-thrust structures of the frontal accretionary wedge and exhibit prominent dextral displacement indicative of the lateral expulsion of SW Taiwan. One of the prominent lineaments, named the Yung-An lineament, forms the southeastern boundary of the upper part of the Penghu submarine canyon, and has conspicuous influence over the drainage pattern of the canyon     

海藻中类胡萝卜素的提取及含量测定

许多研究已经表明，类胡萝卜素是分布最广泛、最重要的一类光辅助合成色素。类胡萝卜素具有多种生物学功能：作为化学保护剂可抵抗由植物自身叶绿素的光敏氧化作用引起的有害作用，给人体补充β-胡萝卜素可有效降低心血管疾病和癌症的发生概率，高摄入富含类胡萝卜素的饮食和降低白内障发生的危险之间有重要联系(Bendich，1993)。海藻中含有丰富的类胡萝卜素，从结构类型说，通常可以分为三类：胡萝卜素、叶黄素和类胡萝卜素酸。海藻中还含有多种特有的类胡萝卜素，如褐藻黄素、甲藻黄素、硅藻黄素等。直到目前为止，海藻中类胡萝卜素的组成与生理学功能尚没有明确的结论，因而对我国丰富的海藻资源中的类胡萝卜素进行较为系统和全面的化学及生物活性研究已成为摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。本研究选取我国青岛海滨三类大型经济海藻——红、绿、褐藻中资源量丰富的代表性种类作为实验材料，较系统地测定了其中类胡萝卜素的含量，并运用经典的柱层析法对各类胡萝卜素组分进行了分离，通过薄层分析和可见光谱扫描对各分离组分进行了定性、定量分析。     

对虾养殖围隔生态系细菌的生物量

对5个对虾养殖围隔生态系细菌生物量(以C计,下同)的研究结果表明,浮游细菌总生物量波动在0.09～0．83mg/dm3之间,平均0．37±0．21mg／dm3,占水层颗粒有机碳含量的11．94%;附着细菌生物量在(0．14～3．69)x10－2mg/dm3)之间,平均(0．77±0．58)x10-2mg/dm3,占浮游细菌总生物量的2.08%±1．95%。随着养殖时间的推移,浮游细菌总生物量、附着细菌生物量均有所上升。底泥细菌生物量为(44～132)x(10-6m/m),平均(86±23)x(10-6m/m),占底泥有机碳含量的1．55%。     

廉州湾及其邻近水域初级生产力研究

１９９２～１９９３年，在对廉州湾及其邻近海域的环境调查中，首次对该海区叶绿素ａ与初级生产力进行了测定。获得叶绿素ａ的春季平均值为１．００ｍｇ·ｍ－３，秋季为０．２９ｍｇ·ｍ－３，初级生产力的平均值为３０１．５ｍｇ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１。文章对调查区初级生产力的分布特征及变化规律进行了探讨，并与北方沿海的初级生产力水平进行了比较。     

大亚湾海域锥状斯氏藻赤潮及其与孢囊的关系

用沉积物捕捉器取样，研究了大亚湾海域２０００年６～９月孢囊（Ｃｙｓｔ）种群动态，同时 分析了浮游植物种群动态。研究期间（８～９月）该海域发生了一起大规模的锥状斯氏藻赤潮。 赤潮前一个月，锥状斯氏藻孢囊的平均日形成率为２．０５× １０５ｃｙｓｔｓ／（ｍ２·ｄ），丰度为５０．２２％， 该时期以有性生殖产生的静止期孢囊为主；在赤潮盛期的８，９月初，孢囊的平均日形成率达到 ２．０１ ×１０６ｃｙｓｔｓ／（ｍ２·ｄ），丰度为９６．９７％，此时期的孢囊多为营养细胞所形成的暂时性孢囊； 赤潮结束后，由于环境条件的恶化，暂时性孢囊的形成达到高峰，平均日形成率为１．２４×ｌ０７ ｃｙｓｔｓ／（ ｍ２·ｄ），丰度为９９.５３％。结果表明大亚湾丰富的孢囊是潜在的种源（Ｓｅｅｄ　ｂｅｄ），２０００年 的夏季、秋李持续高温（＞２５℃），台风减少及风力减弱等有利锥状斯氏藻的环境条件诱发孢 囊萌发，开始了该种类的赤潮。