济阳坳陷上第三系的沉积特征及沉积相的纵向演化规律

本文根据岩性特征、沉积构造、砂体厚度和测井曲线特征等资料，对4口岩心井进行了沉积相分析，详细研究了不同时期的河流类型及沉积相的演化规律，从而认为济阳凹陷上第三系沉积大体经历了3个阶段：早期的冲积扇一辫状河阶段，中期的辫状河一低弯度曲流河阶段及晚期的高弯度曲流河阶段，同时分析了不同砂体的油气储集性能。     

Effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and soil fertility improvement in restoration of the abandoned opencast mining areas in Shanxi, China

A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and fertility improvement of raw mixed-loess soils at the west waste dump of Antaibao surface mine (ATB) in Shanxi, China. Four indigenous species present in mining areas, including Kentucky bluegrass, Erect milkvetch, Alfalfa and Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture were selected as the herbaceous plants in the field trial. The results showed that applying sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer, biomasses of all the four grasses were significantly increased when compared with those in the control group. After 100 days growth, applying sewage sludge had the greatest effects on biomass increasing for Kentucky bluegrass (17.54 times in the overground yields and 13.94 times in underground yields when compared with the control group) or Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture (5.34 and 7.20 times, respectively); meanwhile, the combined application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer also had the best effects. It was concluded that Kentucky bluegrass is the best pioneer species for quickly establishing vegetation in ATB abandoned opencast mining areas; municipal sewage sludge is an effective bio-fertilizer for the fertility improvement of raw mixed-loess soils; and the combined application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer in plots revegetated with Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture is the best strategy to help quickly establish a self-sustaining vegetation system during the primary stage of reclamation in ATB abandoned opencast mining areas in China.     

Macroseismic effects highlight site response in Rome and its geological signature

A detailed analysis of the earthquake effects on the urban area of Rome has been conducted for the L??Aquila sequence, which occurred in April 2009, by using an online macroseismic questionnaire. Intensity residuals calculated using the mainshock and four aftershocks are analyzed in light of a very accurate and original geological reconstruction of the subsoil of Rome based on a large amount of wells. The aim of this work is to highlight ground motion amplification areas and to find a correlation with the geological settings at a subregional scale, putting in evidence the extreme complexity of the phenomenon and the difficulty of making a simplified model. Correlations between amplification areas and both near-surface and deep geology were found. Moreover, the detailed scale of investigation has permitted us to find a correlation between seismic amplification in recent alluvial settings and subsiding zones, and between heard seismic sound and Tiber alluvial sediments.     

Household recovery strategies in Longmen Mountain area,Sichuan, China,following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake disaster

After the Wenchuan earthquake, the overall post-reconstruction of the affected area was completed in 2 years with significant achievements in a top-down fashion. However, the secondary large-scale mass movements and floods that followed the earthquake have shattered mountain settlements and resulted in serious loss of life and property over the last ten years. Local people have taken their own initiative for house reconstruction and recovery. Having taken the tremendous government-driven reconstruction into consideration, the current study aims to understand the contribution of bottom-up approach in whole reconstruction process in Jianjiang River, Longmen Mountain Town of Sichuan, China. This study reveals that in the process of individual rebuilding, local households have tried to construct houses by using more contemporary structures and local resources to rebuild smaller buildings. Such reconstruction activities have changed their lifestyle and source of income to cope with future disasters and adapt with the post-disaster recovery process. Rural households shifted their income sources from tourism to labour migration while revitalizing farming for food and additional income. More than half of residents have no worry about the risk of disasters in reconstruction areas. The bottom-up adaptation can be more sustainable in Longmen Mountain area and provide a reference for other rural areas under recovery after disasters.

     

Evidence of magmatic CO2-rich fluids in peraluminous graphite-bearing leucogranites from Deep Freeze Range (northern Victoria Land,Antarctica)

Fine-grained peraluminous synkinematic leuco-monzogranites (SKG), of Cambro-Ordovician age, occur as veins and sills (up to 20–30 m thick) in the Deep Freeze Range, within the medium to high-grade metamorphics of the Wilson Terrane. Secondary fibrolite + graphite intergrowths occur in feldspars and subordinately in quartz. Four main solid and fluid inclusion populations are observed: primary mixed CO₂+H₂O inclusions + Al₂SiO₅ ± brines in garnet (type 1); early CO₂-rich inclusions (± brines) in quartz (type 2); early CO₂+CH₄ (up to 4 mol%)±H₂O inclusions + graphite + fibrolite in quartz (type 3); late CH₄+CO₂+N₂ inclusions and H₂O inclusions in quartz (type 4). Densities of type 1 inclusions are consistent with the crystallization conditions of SKG (750°C and 3 kbar). The other types are post-magmatic: densities of type 2 and 3 inclusions suggest isobaric cooling at high temperature (700–550°C). Type 4 inclusions were trapped below 500°C. The SKG crystallized from a magma that was at some stage vapour-saturated; fluids were CO₂-rich, possibly with immiscible brines. CO₂-rich fluids (±brines) characterize the transition from magmatic to post-magmatic stages; progressive isobaric cooling (T<670°C) led to a continuous decrease off _{O 2} can entering in the graphite stability field; at the same time, the feldspars reacted with CO₂-rich fluids to give secondary fibrolite + graphite. Decrease ofT andf _{O 2} can explain the progressive variation in the fluid composition from CO₂-rich to CH₄ and water dominated in a closed system (in situ evolution). The presence of N₂ the late stages indicates interaction with external metamorphic fluids.Contribution within the network Hydrothermal/metamorphic water-rock interactions in crystalline rocks: a multidisciplinary approach on paleofluid analysis. CEC program: Human Capital and Mobility     

Web Service for extracting stream networks from DEM data

This paper describes the implementation of a morphology based algorithm for extracting stream networks from data as a Web Service within the framework of GeoBrain, an open, interoperable, distributed, standard-compliant, multi-tier web-based geospatial information services and knowledge building system. Unlike standard out-of-the-box GIS software, which uses the flow direction based algorithm and often produces streams that are spatially uniform, streams extracted with this Web Service correctly reflect spatial variability in dissection patterns. In addition, this Web Service is free and can be accessed from anywhere provided that there is an Internet connection and a standard Web browser.     

阴极发光和红外光谱技术在金刚石研究中的应用

总结了阴极发光（ＣＬ）及傅立叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）技术在金刚石研究中的应用。ＣＬ图像可以揭示金刚石的内部结构、生长机制、生长阶段及过程,提供塑性变形及是否含有ＣＯ２的信息,验证和解释微区ＦＴＩＲ分析、稳定同位素及地质年代研究的结果,为天然金刚石和合成金刚石的区分提供关键证据。合成金刚石的实验研究表明,氮的不同聚集态丰度值是聚集温度ＴＮＡ、金刚石存留时间ｔＭＲ及氮丰度值的函数,利用地质信息和ＦＴ