软岩边坡变形破坏规律及其对城市设施的影响

以抚顺西露天矿大规模倾倒滑移变形体变形规律研究为例,受软弱夹层控制的软岩边坡变形破坏规律及其变形破坏对城市工业设施的影响。     

汇流计算中若干问题的述评

本文概述了坡面汇流与河道汇流计算中的简化模型,重点讨论了流域汇流计算问题,笔者认为,坡面汇流与河道汇流计算方法相对成熟,以系统分析理论为基础的汇流计算数学模型的研究重点似可转向参数的合理定量与地区综合,以及区间汇流与局部汇流计算方面:汇流非线性现象很复杂,要充分注意非线性向线性转化的条件;地貌单位线正在得到迅速的发展,可能成为解决短缺水文资料地区水文计算与进行小河站网规划的又一途泾;今后汇流计算研究应更多地重视干旱与半干旱地区.     

水岩作用下泥质板岩软化非线性机制研究

水岩作用下泥质板岩表现出明显的软化特征。通过单轴压缩试验分析了泥质板岩软化过程中单轴压缩强度、弹性模量和泊松比与吸水时间之间的关系;借助核磁共振试验研究了水岩作用下泥质板岩软化过程中孔隙的产生、扩展和贯通规律,分析了泥质板岩软化过程中孔隙度与吸水时间之间的关系;采用电镜扫描试验分析了水岩作用下泥质板岩软化过程中微观结构的演变规律,基于分形理论研究了不同浸泡时间下泥质板岩分形维数的变化规律;运用非线性动力学理论,选取微观结构孔隙形状分维值、孔隙度、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量作为描述泥质板岩与水溶液相互作用系统的变量,建立了水岩作用下泥质板岩的软化模型,结合试验数据验证了模型的适用性。结果表明:泥质板岩单轴抗压强度、弹性模量随吸水时间增大而减小,呈负线性相关,而泊松比与吸水时间之间的关系不明显;在浸泡初期,水岩作用强烈,泥质板岩内部微孔隙会发生扩展贯通进而形成更大尺寸的孔隙,孔隙度在浸泡初期增长较快;随着浸泡时间的延长,水岩作用减弱,孔隙度增长速率趋缓;随着吸水时间的推移,泥质板岩内部孔隙相互连通,进而形成复杂网状结构的大孔,泥质板岩分形维数呈对数增长,最终趋于稳定;采用非线性模型计算的结果与...     

Molybdenum Mass Fractions and Isotopic Compositions of International Geological Reference Materials

The double‐spike method with multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was used to measure the Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions of a set of geological reference materials including the mineral molybdenite, seawater, coral, as well as igneous and sedimentary rocks. The long‐term reproducibility of the Mo isotopic measurements, based on two‐year analyses of NIST SRM 3134 reference solutions and seawater samples, was ≤ 0.07‰ (two standard deviations, 2s, n = 167) for δ^98/95Mo. Accuracy was evaluated by analyses of Atlantic seawater, which yielded a mean δ^98/95Mo of 2.03 ± 0.06‰ (2s, n = 30, relative to NIST SRM 3134 = 0‰) and mass fraction of 0.0104 ± 0.0006 μg g^?1 (2s, n = 30), which is indistinguishable from seawater samples taken world‐wide and measured in other laboratories. The comprehensive data set presented in this study serves as a reference for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparison of high‐precision Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions.     

野山河码头隧道爆破设计

分析野三河码头隧道爆破施工要求,通过相应的经验公式计算,确定野山河码头隧道的爆破参数,以保证隧道爆破施工过程中所引起的振动速度不大于邻近建筑物的安全允许振速,并保证开挖过程中的效率。     

苍山5.2级地震的地形变特征及机制

运用新方法对苍山地震前后的形变资料进行了异常识别，重点分析形变异常的变化特征及机制。结果显示；（１）苍山地震是大面积应力积累、调整的结果；（２）以外围区１００－２００ｋｍ中短及短期异常为主，而震中１００ｋｍ内的近源区异常并不显著；（３）进入短期的异常标志是中短期异常出现转折或反向。     

真江蓠杭州湾海域栽培试验及生态因子对藻体生长的影响

在杭州湾上海金山海域进行了真江蓠(Gracilaria verrucosa)栽培试验并在实验室内研究了温度、盐度和光照强度对真江蓠生长的影响。结果表明,温度、盐度和光照强度对真江蓠的生长影响极显著(P0.01)。真江蓠生长适宜温度为20~30℃;适宜盐度为15~25;适宜光照强度在90μmol/(m2.s)左右。温度、盐度和光照强度对真江蓠生长存在显著的交互效应(P0.05),三者的最佳组合为温度25℃、盐度20和光照强度90μmol/(m2.s)。海区栽培实验表明真江蓠可在杭州湾海域正常生长,全年平均特定生长率(RSG)为9.42%/d。     

Crude-oil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil viscosity prediction in the northern Songliao Basin

Crude oil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil viscosity prediction are important bases in petroleum exploration.A total of 54 oil/heavy-oil samples and 17 oil sands were analyzed and quantified using both comprehensive 2D gas chromatography(GC×GC)and comprehensive 2D gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC/TOFMS).The results show that crude oil in the West slope is mainly heavy oil and its hydrocarbon composition is characterized overall by paraffinsmono-aromaticsnaphthenesnon-hydrocarbonsdi-aromaticstri-aromaticstetra-aromatics.Aromatics are most abundant and non-hydrocarbons are least abundant,whilst content differences among paraffins,naphthenes,aromatics,and non-hydrocarbons are less than 15%.There are two types of heavy oil,secondary type and mixing type.Biodegradation is the main formation mechanism of heavy oil.Biodegradation levels cover light biodegradation,moderate biodegradation,and severe biodegradation.With increasing biodegradation,paraffin content decreases while contents of aromatics and nonhydrocarbons increase.In contrast,naphthene content increases first and then decreases with increasing biodegradation.In severe biodegradation stage,naphthenes decrease more quickly than aromatics and non-hydrocarbons.This provides a new method for studying oil/heavy-oil biodegradation mechanism and biodegradation resistance of different hydrocarbons at different biodegradation stages.In the Longhupao-Daan terrace and Qijia-Gulong depression,most crude oil is conventional oil.Its composition is dominated by paraffins with the lowest content of aromatics.In some casual oil wells from the Longhupao-Daan terrace,crude oil from Saertu oil reservoirs is moderately biodegraded whereas crude oil from Putaohua oil reservoir is lightly biodegraded.Chemical parameters using saturate hydrocarbons and aromatics are usually not suitable for determining organic type and thermal maturity of biodegraded oil,especially of moderately or severely biodegraded oil,whilst Ts/(Ts+Tm)ratio can be used to determine thermal maturity of both conventional crude oil and heavy oil.     

厦门淤泥的变形性质

本文首先研究厦门淤泥的孔隙比、压缩系数、压缩指数和压缩模量随固结压力的变化特性。其次,研究了固结系数随固结压力、孔隙比的变化规律。最后,讨论淤泥在恒温恒压条件下次固结变形随时间的变化发展过程,定量地描述次固结量和主固结量的比值与次固结时间和固结压力水平的关系。