Organic Petrological Studies on Immature Source Rocks

Organic petrology is a marginal science that is quite practicable. At present, it has developed into a routine research tool that is widely applied in petroleum exploration and assessment. Based on several years‘ research of the authors, this paper presents the advances in organic petrological studies on immature source rocks, including the classification and characteristics of macerals, the composition of macerals and types of organic matter, the abundance and evolution of organic matter, oil-prone macerals, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. All these results show that organic petrology is of considerable value pertaining to its application in the assessment of immature oil and gas. The immature source rocks consist of various macerals with obvious heterogeneity, contain different hydrocarbon-generating macerals with different oil thresholds and oil peaks, and show a two-staged evolutionary pattern of organic matter.     

Composition of Kerogen in Kupferschiefer from Southwest Poland

Thirty-seven Kupferschiefer samples from southwestern Poland were analyzed by microscopy, Rock-Eval approach and instrumental neutron activation analysis to understand the geochemical and morphological characteristics of kerogen present in the samples. The analytical results indicate that there are two different types of kerogens. One type was only subjected to thermal alteration processes, and the other was further oxidized after deposition of the sediment.In the oxidized samples migrabitumen was transformed into pyrobitumen. Rock-Eval analyses show a significant decrease in HI values in the oxidized samples and an increase in OI values in relation to the samples that were not influenced by oxidation. Variations in S2 versus Corg contents indicate a change in kerogen from Type II to Type III with progressing oxidation. The presence of pyrobitumen and the depletion of hydrogen in the altered kerogen allow one to conclude that the kerogen was used as hydrogen donor for thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR).     

Biomarkers in the Molar Tooth （MT）-Bearing Limestones in the Jilin-Liaoning Area of China

The origin of Molar Tooth (MT) carbonates has been argued for more than 100 years, which are a kind of Proterozoic carbonates especially composed of microsparite with ptygmatically folded and sheet-like structures. Biomarkers detected in the microcalcsparite from the Wanlong and Xingmincun formations in the Jilin-Liaoning area showed there are abundant normal alkanes, isoprenoids, hopanes, steranes, alkylmethylcyclohexanes, and alkyleyclohexanes, indicating a diversity of biological source: long-chain isoprenoids, the major components of chlorophyll, such as C19, C20, a kind of major biomarkers synthesized early by isoprenoid monomers; hopanes a type of characteristic biomarkers from prokaryote, such as archaebacteria and cyanobacteria; sterane a biomarker for eukaryote; and two kinds of alkanes with C17, C18 as the main peaks representing aquatic bacteria and with C23, C24 as the main peaks representing fungi, respectively. Biomarker analysis showed that MT is the result of bacterial and algal activities, which is a kind of organisms between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, reproducing well in normal or slightly saline sea water under weak oxidation-reduction conditions, resulting in rapid deposition of calcite as microsparite clue to some mechanisms.     

关于地基承载力的探讨

以土质地基为研究对象 ,结合载荷试验 p s曲线 ,应用土体的极限平衡理论 ,对地基土的变形性状、地基土承载力以及承载力修正等问题进行了分析。分析结果显示 :地基土承载力不单是地基土抗剪强度指标的函数 ,同时还与作用其上的基础埋深及基础宽度等因素密切相关。进行地基基础设计时 ,应根据实际的基础埋深与宽度对勘察资料中的地基土承载力进行修正 ,并提出了有关承载力修正的建议     

地脉动测试技术若干问题的讨论

讨论了地脉动的测试技术以及测试工作中应该重视而且容易被忽视的问题 ,并就地脉动幅值域和频率域特性参数提出不同的看法     

巨厚火成岩在煤系中的水文地质意义

通过对海孜煤矿7煤各工作面突水的特征和水质对比等方法，结合采后形成的导水裂隙带高度，得出了导致7煤各工作面突水的水源是来自巨厚火成岩侵入时对围岩产生的破坏裂隙水，在此基础上提出了侵入裂隙的概念，突水通道为采后形成的导水裂隙，并针对突水成因，提出了控制采高和提前疏放等防治措施。     

组合桩在加固厚层填土中的应用

本工程场地为欠固结厚层填土现状，为保证承台底不脱空，采用粉喷桩加固承台底欠固结填土，并在粉喷桩内施工静压桩的技术对策，这样既加固了填土，又提高了静压桩单桩承载力，获得了良好的效果。     

三维地震勘探恢复性放炮法变通问题的讨论

受地物影响，炮点的理论变观方法(恢复性放炮法)只能是三维地震数据采集过程中的一种补救措施而已，它只保证了设计覆盖次数不变的目的，而不能保证道集内炮检距和方位角不变的目的。一方面，变观后要求所有的炮检距均满足最大炮检距的限定条件显得过于苛刻；另一方面，对地层倾角较大或煤层埋藏较浅的勘探区，一个区的最大炮检距允许值也不一定是一个确定的值，通常的做法是取平均值。据此，提出了三维变观80原则，即在变观炮点不多或不集中时，只要变观炮点记录中有80％的炮检距或不低于80％的道满足最大炮检距要求，就可认为变观是成功的。这种实用的变观方法，对三维地震勘探野外数据采集工作有较明确的指导意义。     

试论会计信息的作用

立足会计信息在国民经济中的地位，分析了会计信息的作用，提出了会计信息质量是建立诚信社会的保障。     

聊城市地下水开采和补源的研究分析

地下水是聊城市重要的而且是主要的水资源,近年来,地下水的开采和补源引起了人们的广泛关注.本文拟对地下淡水资源的时空分布、运动规律、地下水资源计算和评价及聊城市地下水开发利用问题进行一些探讨,对于引黄(河)灌区合理引用黄河水和开采地下水具有重要的指导作用和应用价值.