南海神狐海域沉积物自生黄铁矿和石膏S同位素特征及对甲烷渗漏强度的示踪

The northern slope of the South China Sea is a gas-hydrate-bearing region related to a high deposition rate of organic-rich sediments co-occurring with intense methanogenesis in subseafloor environments.Anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) coupled with bacterial sulfate reduction results in the precipitation of solid phase minerals in seepage sediment,including pyrite and gypsum.Abundant aggregates of pyrites and gypsums are observed between the depth of 667 and 850 cm below the seafloor(cmbsf) in the entire core sediment of HS328 from the northern South China Sea.Most pyrites are tubes consisting of framboidal cores and outer crusts.Gypsum aggregates occur as rosettes and spheroids consisting of plates.Some of them grow over pyrite,indicating that gypsum precipitation postdates pyrite formation.The sulfur isotopic values(δ~(34) S) of pyrite vary greatly(from –46.6‰ to –12.3‰ V-CDT) and increase with depth.Thus,the pyrite in the shallow sediments resulted from organoclastic sulfate reduction(OSR) and is influenced by AOM with depth.The relative high abundance and δ~(34) S values of pyrite in sediments at depths from 580 to 810 cmbsf indicate that this interval is the location of a paleo-sulfate methane transition zone(SMTZ).The sulfur isotopic composition of gypsum(from–25‰ to –20.7‰) is much lower than that of the seawater sulfate,indicating the existence of a 34 S-depletion source of sulfur species that most likely are products of the oxidation of pyrites formed in OSR.Pyrite oxidation is controlled by ambient electron acceptors such as MnO_2,iron(Ⅲ) and oxygen driven by the SMTZ location shift to great depths.The δ~(34) S values of gypsum at greater depth are lower than those of the associated pyrite,revealing downward diffusion of 34 S-depleted sulfate from the mixture of oxidation of pyrite derived by OSR and the seawater sulfate.These sulfates also lead to an increase of calcium ions from the dissolution of calcium carbonate mineral,which will be favor to the formation of gypsum.Overall,the mineralogy and sulfur isotopic composition of the pyrite and gypsum suggest variable redox conditions caused by reduced seepage intensities,and the pyrite and gypsum can be a recorder of the intensity evolution of methane seepage.     

西北太平洋深海海山的一种蛇尾新记录

Ophioleila elegans是一种非常少见的蛇尾。2014年大洋35航次中利用“蛟龙”号载人潜器在西北太平洋麦哲伦海山链的采薇平定海山水深1660m处采集到2株该种标本。该种首次发现于夏威夷海山相似的生境当中,本次采集到的样品是继首次发现之后的再次公开报道。本文中对该种的形态学特征,如腕部骨骼等,进行了更加详细的研究,同时基于COI序列进行系统发育分析。形态和系统发育分析的结果都表明,Ophioleila属与辐蛇尾科更加接近。     

基于GIS/RS的海岸带生态环境变化研究综述

近年来,随着沿海地区经济建设的脚步的不断加快,人们逐渐加大了对海岸带环境资源的开发利用。海岸带填海造陆、滩涂围垦等人类活动的增多使得区域生物及非生物物质发生了剧烈的改变,进而对海岸带生态环境产生了重要的影响。基于此,各国学者尝试通过一系列的技术手段与方法模型对海岸带生态环境时空变化进行相关探究。其中,遥感与地理信息系统技术作为生态环境的重要分析工具,在区域生态环境变化的评估与监测中有着较为广泛的应用。在海岸带生态环境变化的探究中,由于研究目的、角度以及方向的不同,相关学者所使用的研究方法及模型也存在着一定的差别。本文结合海岸带生态环境研究现状,将海岸带生态环境变化研究分成海岸带土地利用/覆被变化研究、景观格局变化研究、海岸线变迁变迁研究、植被变化研究、水土环境表征因子变化研究以及基于指标体系的生态环境变化研究6个主要部分,并分别从这6个部分出发,对海岸带生态环境变化研究的技术、方法与模型进行归纳总结,从而提出未来我国海岸带生态环境变化研究中需要解决的问题以及重点研究方向,为今后海岸带生态环境的深入研究打下坚实的基础。     

鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)半胱亚磺酸脱酸酶CSAD基因克隆及其表达研究

本研究以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为研究对象,采用巢式PCR和RACE技术克隆鲫鱼半胱亚磺酸脱酸酶CSAD基因c DNA序列,并且利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了CSAD m RNA在鲫鱼不同组织和昼夜节律中的相对表达水平,同时还研究了牛磺酸对鲫鱼肠道CSAD m RNA表达的影响。结果表明:(1)鲫鱼CSAD基因c DNA序列包含186bp的5?UTR序列,675bp的3?UTR序列,1503bp开放阅读框,编码500个氨基酸。同源性分析表明,鲫鱼和鲤鱼的同源性为97.2%。系统发育分析表明,鲫鱼与鲤鱼之间的亲缘关系最接近,置信度为100。经预测,其编码的蛋白质的分子量和等电点分别为56.82k Da和5.77;(2)Ca CSAD m RNA在肌肉、心脏、肠道及肝脏中的表达水平较高,在脑和鳃组织中的相对表达量较低;(3)鲫鱼肠道CSAD m RNA的相对表达量在6:00am点时最高,9:00pm点时相对表达量最低;(4)鲫鱼CSAD的相对表达丰度随着牛磺酸添加量的增加而逐渐下降。本研究结果不仅有助于理解鲫鱼CSAD基因的分子特征,同时将为进一步研究鱼类CSAD营养调控功能提供理论依据。     

“海上丝绸之路”超大城市环境变化遥感分析

随着城市化进程的加快,如何及时、精确地对城市环境的变化做出评价,进而制定出合理的发展方案,对城市可持续发展至关重要。本文综合利用卫星遥感获取的PM_2.5浓度数据、地表温度数据（Land Surface Temperature,LST）、植被指数数据（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）及城市用地辅助信息数据,基于综合评价指标,分析海上丝绸之路沿线12个超大城市地区2000-2013年环境质量的动态变化。研究结果表明,2000-2013年,海上丝绸之路沿线约75%的超大城市呈现出不同程度的环境恶化现象。12个超大城市用地环境恶化及逐步恶化面积占研究区域总面积的31.33%（4732.39 km²）。2000-2013年,城市扩张用地恶化和逐步恶化面积约占总扩张用地的29.48%（3765.83 km²）。平均地表温度的上升、植被覆盖度的急剧下降及PM_2.5浓度的增加均对海上丝绸之路沿线超大城市环境质量变化产生影响。其中,空气中PM_2.5浓度的大幅度增加是2000-2013年海上丝绸之路沿线超大城市扩张用地环境退化的主要原因。     

“海上丝绸之路”沿线重要港口竞争力评价

“海上丝绸之路”是促进亚欧和亚非互联互通的重要通道,对其沿线重要港口的竞争力研究,可以为海上丝绸之路的建设提供参考。本文综合考虑港口的自然条件、腹地环境、基础设施、服务水平、政府廉洁度,及其在航运网络中的地位差别等因素,运用熵权-层次分析法对沿线51个国家的99个重要港口的竞争力进行评价。结果表明,① 港口综合竞争力空间分布呈明显的区域化特征,且与国家经济发展水平显著相关,地中海地区港口竞争力普遍较强,亚洲次之,非洲最弱。② 港口的网络地位对竞争力的影响最大,竞争力强的港口多位于重要水域的战略通道,网络地位高,辐射范围广。③ 我国投资的部分沿线港口综合竞争力与成熟港口之间还存在一定差距,但是具备较大的竞争力提升空间。     

Helmert方差分量估计在GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合定位权比确定中的应用

因GNSS系统间观测噪声、轨道精度的差异,采用经验权比进行组合定位难以得到最优结果。基于此,在GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合定位中引入Helmert方差分量估计,对GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合单点定位和基线解算中各系统观测值进行合理定权。实验表明,采用该方法确定的伪距观测值最佳权比为5∶1∶1,相位观测值最佳权比为1∶1∶1,有效提高了GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合定位的精度和可靠性。     

基于F-范数的不确定性平差模型的解算方法

为提高基于F-范数的不确定性平差模型的解算效率,给出直接迭代算法进行参数估计。该算法无需SVD,解算过程简单且易于编程计算,同时给出迭代不收敛时的SVD-解方程算法。二元线性拟合及沉降观测AR模型的算例结果表明,这2种算法正确可行,与SVD-迭代算法具有等价性。当迭代收敛时,宜使用直接迭代算法,收敛速度更快,解算效率更高;当迭代不收敛时,可釆用SVD-解方程算法。     

复方芩柏颗粒剂对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠黏膜p-p38MAPK、CK2表达的影响

目的：探讨复方芩柏颗粒剂对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠p38MAPK通路的影响及可能的作用机制。方法：将80只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阻断剂组和中药组,每组各20只。对除正常组外的其余组大鼠采用TNBS法制备溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型,造模2周后各组分别予相应药物进行灌胃,采用免疫组化法检测结肠组织中p-p38MAPK、CK2的表达。结果：与正常组比较,模型组、阻断剂组、中药组中p-p38MAPK、CK2的表达水平明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（P>0.01）;与模型组比较,阻断剂组、中药组中p-p38MAPK、CK2的表达水平明显降低,差异具有统计学意义（P>0.01）;阻断剂组与中药组p-p38MAPK、CK2的表达水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：复方芩柏颗粒剂可能是通过抑制相关蛋白CK2的表达以弱化p38MAPK通路来发挥对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用。     

From China’s Heavy Precipitation in 2020 to a “Glocal” Hydrometeorological Solution for Flood Risk Prediction

The prolonged mei-yu/baiu system with anomalous precipitation in the year 2020 has swollen many rivers and lakes,caused flash flooding,urban flooding and landslides,and consistently wreaked havoc across large swathes of China,particularly in the Yangtze River basin.Significant precipitation and flooding anomalies have already been seen in magnitude and extension so far this year,which have been exerting much higher pressure on emergency responses in flood control and mitigation than in other years,even though a rainy season with multiple ongoing serious flood events in different provinces is not that uncommon in China.Instead of delving into the causes of the uniqueness of this year’s extreme precipitation-flooding situation,which certainly warrants in-depth exploration,in this article we provide a short view toward a more general hydrometeorological solution to this annual nationwide problem.A“glocal”(global to local)hydrometeorological solution for floods(GHS-F)is considered to be critical for better preparedness,mitigation,and management of different types of significant precipitation-caused flooding,which happen extensively almost every year in many countries such as China,India and the United States.Such a GHS-F model is necessary from both scientific and operational perspectives,with the strength in providing spatially consistent flood definitions and spatially distributed flood risk classification considering the heterogeneity in vulnerability and resilience across the entire domain.Priorities in the development of such a GHS-F are suggested,emphasizing the user’s requirements and needs according to practical experiences with various flood response agencies.