长江口沙波统计特征及输移规律

利用多波束测深系统对长江口南港、北槽、横沙通道和北港水下地貌进行测量,对沙波波高、波长、迎流倾角、背流倾角、水深和沉积物特征进行统计,并根据流速、沉积物粒径及水深估算其潮周期内净位移。结果表明:长江口沙波基本都为大型沙波,且沙波大小与其所在区域沉积物粒径呈正比关系;长江口各个区域沙波的对称性不同,涨、落潮优势流越明显,则沙波对称性越差,净位移越大;沙波对称性能反映此区域水动力强弱及潮周期内沙波净位移大小。     

Experimental Study of Overtopping on Sea Dikes and Coastal Flooding Under the Coupled Processes of Tides and Waves

Storm surges are cataclysmic natural disasters that occur along the coasts and are usually accompanied by large waves. The effects of coupled storm surges and waves can pose a significant threat to coastal security. Previous laboratory studies on the effects of storm surges and waves on coastal structures have typically utilized steady water levels and constant wave elements. An indoor simulation of the coupled processes of tides and waves is developed by adding a tide generation system to an existing laboratory wave basin to model continuous dynamic tide levels so that tide generation and wave-making occur synchronously in the pool. Specific experimental methods are given, which are applied to further study waves overtopping on artificial sea dikes and coastal flooding evolution under the coupled actions of tides and waves. The results of the overtopping discharge obtained by the test with a dynamic water level are compared with those obtained from steady water level tests and the existing empirical formula. In addition, the impacts of ecological coastal shelterbelts and structures on coastal flood processes and distributions are also investigated. The proposed simulation methods provide a new approach for studying the effects of storm surges and waves on coastal areas. The study also aims to provide a reference for coastal protective engineering.

     

溱湖湿地生态系统服务价值评估研究

利用实地调研结果,结合相关文献资料,采用市场价值法、影子工程法、旅行费用法等评估方法,对溱湖湿地生态系统的物质生产、涵养水源和调蓄洪水、提供动植物栖息地、调节气候、降解污染物和科考旅游等6个效益最为突出的生态系统服务功能经济价值指标进行评估。研究表明：溱湖湿地生态系统的总价值为1.15×109元,其中直接使用价值为7.708×108元,间接使用价值为3.62×108元,非使用价值为0.18×108元。其中科考旅游价值所占比重最大,为40.84％,调节气候价值次之,而生物多样性保护价值仅占1.45%。对溱湖湿地生态系统服务功能及服务价值的探讨,可正确认识该生态系统的生态经济价值,为合理开发利用提供决策参考,确保其资源的可持续利用。     

桂北376铀矿床烃气地球化学研究

烃气测量法在锡、金、铜、铅锌等金属矿床找矿中得到了广泛应用,而该技术在花岗岩型铀矿找矿中的应用鲜有报道。本文对桂北376铀矿床已知矿体开展了烃气测量试验,结果显示：相较于其他金属矿,该铀矿区花岗岩和土壤中总烃含量极低,而且花岗岩总烃含量(平均19.42μL/kg)高于上覆土壤(平均6.32μL/kg)。花岗岩中U与多数烃气组分呈负相关,与重烃呈正相关,重烃在U迁移过程中作用强于轻烃;花岗岩烃气标准化配分模式以C₁、iC₄和C₂^-正异常为特征;铀矿化程度与iC₄/nC₄、(C₁+iC₄+C₂^-)/(C₂+C₃+nC₄)及C₂^-/C₃^-比值呈正相关,与C₂₊/∑C比值呈负相关等可为寻找铀矿提供依据。3...     

前言

前言人们普遍认为,大陆漂移学说带来了第一次地球科学革命,板块构造学说引发了第二次地球科学革命。然而,随着大陆地质和深部地质的深人研究,板块构造学说遇到了越来越多的困难和挑战。板块构造现行理论体系亦难以对一些重大的地质问题,如板块运动动力源、板内垂直运...     

华南与花岗岩有关的一种新类型的锡成矿作用：矿物化学、元素和同位素地球化学证据

华南是我国最重要的锡成矿省,产有大量的与花岗岩有关的大型-超大型锡多金属矿床。近年来,在湘南新探明一个超大型锡矿床-芙蓉锡矿床,其中,最重要的锡矿化产在骑田岭花岗岩体西南部的破碎蚀变带内,与绿泥石化密切相关。骑田岭花岗岩富含角闪石,具有较高的氧逸度,显示出准铝的地球化学特征,在花岗岩形成过程中发生过壳-幔岩浆混舍作用。这些特点都表明骑田岭花岗岩并不同于一般的S型含锡花岗岩,而显示出A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。同位素定年分析表明,芙蓉锡矿床主成矿阶段的形成时代要晚于骑田岭花岗岩侵位年龄近20Ma。氢、氧同位素分析表明,发生过水-岩反应的大气降水在成矿流体中占有很重要的地位。硫同位素分析表明花岗岩和地层都提供了成矿所需的硫。因此,用花岗岩浆结晶分异过程中分离出富锡的岩浆流体来形成锡矿的传统模式并不适合于解释芙蓉锡矿的形成。我们认为芙蓉锡矿的形成主要与骑田岭花岗岩的绿泥石化蚀变有关,循环的大气降水与花岗岩发生水-岩反应,富锡的铁镁矿物在蚀变成绿泥石的同时释放出Sn和Ti等金属到流体中,当物理化学条件改变时,沉淀形成锡矿体。这是一种比较独特的锡矿化模式,丰富了华南与花岗岩有关的锡矿化类型。     

华南造山带下寒武统和中奥陶统发现放射虫

在华南造山带江西萍乡下寒武统牛角河组泥质板岩和湖南永州中奥陶统烟溪组硅质岩中首次发现放射虫。放射虫的发现表明萍乡—永州一带寒武纪—中奥陶世存在相当规模的处于低纬度的海盆。     

On the physical connections between galaxies of different types

Galaxies can be classified in two broad sequences which are likely to reflect their formation mechanism. The 'main sequence', consisting of spirals, irregulars and all dwarf galaxies, is probably produced by gas settling within dark matter haloes. We show that the sizes and surface densities along this sequence are primarily determined by the distributions of the angular momentum and formation time of dark haloes. They are well reproduced by current cosmogonies provided that galaxies form late, at z  ≲ 2. In this scenario, dwarf ellipticals were small 'discs' at z  ∼ 1 and become 'ellipticals' after they fall into cluster environments. The strong clustering of dwarf ellipticals is then a natural by-product of the merging and transformation process. The number of dwarf galaxies predicted in a cluster such as Virgo is in good agreement with the observed number. On the other hand, the 'giant branch', consisting of giant ellipticals and bulges, is probably produced by the merging of disc galaxies. Based on the observed phase-space densities of galaxies, we show that the main bodies of all giant ellipticals can be produced by dissipationless mergers of high-redshift discs. However, high-redshift discs, although denser than present-day ones, are still not compact enough to produce the high central phase-space density of some low-luminosity ellipticals. Dissipation must have occurred in the central parts of these galaxies during the merger which formed them.     

Singularly perturbed solution of coupled model in atmosphere-ocean for global climate

A box model of the interhemispheric thermohaline circulation （THC） in atmosphere-ocean for global climate is considered. By using the multi-scales method, the asymptotic solution of a simplified weakly nonlinear model is discussed. Firstly, by introducing first scale, the zeroth order approximate solution of the model is obtained. Secondly, by using the multi-scales, the first order approximate equation of the model is found. Finally, second order approximate equation is formed to eliminate the secular terms, and a uniformly valid asymptotic expansion of solution is decided. The multi-scales solving method is an analytic method which can be used to analyze operation sequentially. And then we can also study the diversified qualitative and quantitative behaviors for corresponding physical quantities. This paper aims at providing a valid method for solving a box model of the nonlinear equation.