大桥桩基纠偏与加固的施工方法

四川雅沪高速公路高山庙大桥在施工完毕后,发现2-4跨桥位横向偏移,造成桩基发生裂纹甚至断裂,需要在不拆除大桥的前提下完成桥位桩基的纠偏与加固。通过对多个桥梁纠偏与桩基加固的方案进行反复探索与论证,总结出一套便捷、实用、经济的施工方法,成功地达到该桥梁纠偏与加固的目的。详细介绍了加固方案、施工技术措施以及纠偏效果。     

乌江流域水库沉积物中生物硅的测定方法及其环境意义

采用碱提取法中的单点法与多点法相结合,测定了乌江流域水库沉积物中生物硅的含量,并对多点提取法进行了改良。采用多个离心管分装定量样品进行连续振荡,每小时提取1个样品进行测定。对多个时间点的提取结果,利用线性回归法分析得出最佳提取时间,优化最佳提取液,然后利用单点提取-硅钼蓝检测法测定沉积物中生物硅的含量。该方法既保证了单点法的快速,也减小了多点法的多次提取操作与提取时的体积误差。本文根据测定结果探讨了乌江流域水库沉积物中生物硅含量变化规律及其环境意义。     

黏土-结构接触面大剪切变形后渗流特性试验研究

黏土-结构接触面易产生大的剪切变形,且由于场地、施工等原因,接触面部位可能存在填筑缺陷、杂质等情况,这些因素均可能对其渗流安全产生不利影响。本文采用一种接触面剪切渗流试验装置,对黏土-结构接触面大剪切变形后的渗流特性进行了试验研究,重点模拟了接触面存在填筑缺陷及含有杂质两种工况下的渗流特性,并与均质黏土接触面渗流特性进行了对比,同时对接触面正应力、剪切变形、水力坡降的影响进行了分析。结果表明:含有填筑缺陷的接触面在大剪切变形过程中渗透性降低;而含有粉土杂质的混合黏土接触面,其渗透性起初随剪切变形的增加而减小,剪切至某一程度后反向增加;存在填筑缺陷和杂质的接触面渗透性强于均质黏土接触面。     

澳大利亚北波拿巴盆地Plover组烃源岩特征及热演化

北波拿巴盆地油气资源丰富,是澳大利亚重要的含油气盆地.下一中侏罗统Plove:组烃源岩分布广,厚度大,是北波拿巴盆地的主力烃源岩.基于地质和地球化学等资料,采用有机地球化学方法和盆地模拟技术,分析了Plover组烃源岩的分布、有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等静态特征,并定量模拟恢复了其热成熟演化历史.研究表明,Plove:组...     

正交曲线坐标系二维浅水方程ELADI有限差分方法

N-S方程数值模拟的精度和效率一直是计算流体力学的重要研究课题.结合欧拉-拉格朗日方法(ELM)和交替方向隐式方法( ADI)建立正交曲线坐标系二维浅水方程的ELADI (Eulerian-Lagrangian alternating direction implicit method)有限差分方法,详细阐述了基本原理...     

海洋微型底栖生物调查方法与操作规程

海洋微型底栖生物包括底栖细菌、底栖微藻及底栖原生动物等单细胞原核和真核生物,是底栖微食物网中能量传递的基础和关键环节,在海洋生物地球化学循环过程中起着重要作用.然而我国现有的<海洋调查规范>国家标准中有关底栖生物的研究仅涉及利用网筛分选的大型和小型底栖动物,缺少微型底栖生物调查的方法与规程,严重制约了对海洋整体食物网能...     

High-frequency atmospheric variability over South China Sea as depicted by TRMM and QuikSCAT

By using the TRMM and QuikSCAT datathe characteristics of the 2–8 day high frequency atmospheric variability over the South China Sea are studied in this paper.It’s found that: (1) the 2–8 day high frequency signals are significant not only during the periods of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon (SCSSM),but also after the retreat of the SCSSM.It reaches its peak around July to August;(2) the 2–8 day high frequency signals exhibit strong intermittent features;(3) During El Nino years,the 2–8 day high freque...     

半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis）野生与养殖群体遗传多样性的比较研究

采用扩增片段长度多态性技术（AFLP技术）对2个野生和2个养殖的半滑舌鳎群体进行了遗传多样性的比较研究。实验采用8对AFLP引物组合,在四个群体的120个个体中共扩增出498个位点。结果表明,半滑舌鳎养殖群体的遗传多样性降低：河北唐山野生群体和江苏连云港野生群体的多态位点百分数分别为45．18％和39．96％,Nei遗...     

Investigation of the thermodynamic processes of a floe-lead system in the central Arctic during later summer

Thermodynamic processes of a system involving a floe and a small lead in the central Arctic were investigated during the ice-camp period of the third Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition from 20 to 28 August, 2008. The measurements included surface air temperatures above the floe, spectral albedo of the lead, seawater temperatures in the lead and under the ice cover, and the lateral and bottom mass balance of the floe. The surface air temperature at 1.15 m remained below 0℃ throughout the observation period and sea ice had commenced its annual cycle of growth in response to autumn cooling during the study. The surface of the lead was frozen by 23 August, after which the spectral albedo of the thin-ice-covered lead in the band of 320-950 nm was 0.46 ±0.03, the seawater temperatures both in the lead and under the ice cover, as well as the vertical seawater-temperature gradient in the lead decreased gradually, and the oceanic heat under the ice was maintained at a low level approaching 0 W/m2. By the end of the measurement, the thickness of the investigated floe had reached its annual minimum, while the lateral of the floe was still in the melting phase, with a mean melting rate of 1.0 ±0.3 cm/d during the measurement, responding to an equivalent latent heat flux of 21 ±6 W/m2. The lateral melting of the floe had made a more significant contribution to the sea-ice mass balance than the surface and bottom melting in the end of August.     

Comparison of Ozone and PM2.5 Concentrations over Urban,Suburban, and Background Sites in China

Surface ozone (O₃) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) are dominant air pollutants in China. Concentrations of these pollutants can show significant differences between urban and nonurban areas. However, such contrast has never been explored on the country level. This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban-to-suburban and urban-to-background difference for O₃ (Δ[O₃]) and PM_2.5 (Δ[PM_2.5]) concentrations in China using monitoring data from 1171 urban, 110 suburban, and 15 background sites built by the China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC). On the annual mean basis, the urban-to-suburban Δ[O₃] is ?3.7 ppbv in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, 1.0 ppbv in the Yangtze River Delta, ?3.5 ppbv in the Pearl River Delta, and ?3.8 ppbv in the Sichuan Basin. On the contrary, the urban-to-suburban Δ[PM_2.5] is 15.8, ?0.3, 3.5 and 2.4 μg m^?3 in those areas, respectively. The urban-to-suburban contrast is more significant in winter for both Δ[O₃] and Δ[PM_2.5]. In eastern China, urban-to-background differences are also moderate during summer, with ?5.1 to 6.8 ppbv for Δ[O₃] and ?0.1 to 22.5 μg m^?3 for Δ[PM_2.5]. However, such contrasts are much larger in winter, with ?22.2 to 5.5 ppbv for Δ[O₃] and 3.1 to 82.3 μg m^?3 for Δ[PM_2.5]. Since the urban region accounts for only 2% of the whole country’s area, the urban-dominant air quality data from the CNEMC network may overestimate winter [PM_2.5] but underestimate winter [O₃] over the vast domain of China. The study suggests that the CNEMC monitoring data should be used with caution for evaluating chemical models and assessing ecosystem health, which require more data outside urban areas.