核电结构PCS水箱液动压力分析等效模型

中国核电厂抗震设计规范推荐采用的Housner模型不适用于复杂形状核电储液结构的流固耦合分析。对于AP1000和CAP1400核电站屏蔽厂房顶部非能动安全壳冷却系统重力水箱(简称PCS水箱),基于圆柱形水箱的Housner等效质量-弹簧模型,通过引入水箱体积修正参数,提出PCS水箱的三维等效质量-弹簧模型。采用有限元软件ADINA建立水箱结构流固耦合整体有限元模型以进行模态分析,计算分析PCS水箱和对应环形水箱在不同尺寸和液体深度条件下的液体晃动自振特性。对比整体有限元模型与三维等效质量-弹簧模型计算结果发现,提出的PCS水箱三维等效质量-弹簧模型能给出其内液体晃动各阶振型的液动压力合理估计值,适用于具有复杂形状的PCS水箱液动压力分析。本文的等效模型方法可推广应用于其他复杂形状水箱的液动压力分析。     

基于POI的城市休闲空间格局分析——以乌鲁木齐市为例

基于百度POI数据,运用Ripley’s K函数、最近邻层次聚类、空间自相关等方法,对乌鲁木齐市公共休闲设施空间布局进行研究,总结城市休闲空间的格局特征,进而探讨休闲空间的影响因素。结果表明：（1）乌鲁木齐休闲设施空间分布表现出明显的向心集聚性。（2）各类休闲设施热点区分布表现出不同的集聚倾向,娱乐类、购物类、健身类三类休闲设施热点区主要布局在主城区以内重要交通枢纽和商业中心附近,餐饮类休闲设施热点区表现出明显的人口导向特征,旅游类休闲设施热点区均分布在热门旅游景区附近,文化类休闲设施热点区分布于科教文化基地或多民族混居区。（3）乌鲁木齐市休闲空间格局为“圈层+扇形+组团”模式,核心为面状综合型休闲中心,外围为扇形的休闲设施稀少区、组团式多功能休闲区和组团式餐饮休闲区,最外围是休闲设施极少的郊区和组团式旅游休闲区。（4）乌鲁木齐休闲空间与人口空间分布存在较强的空间正相关关系。     

浅地震反射剖面揭示地震小区划覆盖层厚度及隐伏断裂——以九江芳兰规划区为例

以九江芳兰规划区为例,利用浅层地震反射方法获取小区划工区的覆盖层厚度,并查明周边隐伏断裂位置及特征。结合钻孔资料对比解译,对地震小区划工作提供基础地震地质信息,同时为该区的活断层探测和地震危险性评价提供参考资料。     

Complex patterns of precipitation and extreme events during 1951-2011 in Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

Sichuan Basin is located in southwestern China and affected by a complex water vapor(WV)sources. Here, the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation and extreme events are investigated by six indices of World Meteorology Organization Commission, including annual precipitation total(AP), maximum daily precipitation(Max1d), intensity of rainfall over 1 mm/d(IR1), maximum and mean consecutive dry days(Max CDD, Mean CDD) and coefficient of variance. Based on 24 daily precipitation time series from 1951 to 2011, Mann-Kendall test is employed to quantify the significant level of these indices, from which the classification of precipitation change and its spatial patterns are obtained.Meanwhile, the probability distributions of these indices are identified by L-moment analysis and the Goodness-of-fit test, and the corresponding values are calculated by theoretical model at different return periods. The results reveal that the western basin displays normal drought: less AP and precipitation intensity while longer drought. The southern basin shows normal increase: larger AP and precipitation intensity but shorter CDD. However, in hilly region of the central basin and the transition zone between basin and mountains, precipitation changes abnormally: increasing both drought(one or both of Mean CDD and Max CDD) and precipitation intensity(one or both of Max1 d and IR1) no matter what the trend of AP is. Probability distribution models also demonstrate the complex patterns: a negative correlation between Max1 d and Max CDD in the west(R~2≥0.61) while a positive correlation in the east(R~2≥0.41) at all return periods. These patterns are induced by the changes in WV sources and the layout of local terrain. The increase of WV in summer and decrease in spring leads to the heavier rainfall and longer drought respectively. The large heat island effect of the basin contributes to a lower temperature in transition zones and more precipitation in the downwind area. These results are helpful in reevaluating the risk regionally and making better decisions on water resources management and disaster prevention.     

夏季东海陆架不同水团对悬浮体物质组成及粒度分布的影响

基于2012年7月东海陆架水文及悬浮体粒度等实测数据,分析不同水团内悬浮体物质组成和粒度分布特征,并探究其影响因素,为查明东海陆架海区陆源沉积物输运扩散机制、揭示海底沉积物来源和成因机制等提供理论依据。结果显示:夏季东海陆架悬浮体由两部分构成,即≤128μm的无机颗粒和?128μm以浮游生物为主的颗粒,其平均体积浓度分别为3.5μL/L和8.4μL/L。悬浮体空间分布受到该海域水团类型的制约。长江冲淡水、台湾暖流表层水、台湾暖流深层水、台湾海峡暖水以及东海冷涡的悬浮体粒径均呈双峰分布,峰值位于27.7—74.7μm和391μm;苏北沿岸流影响海域悬浮体粒径呈单峰分布,小颗粒端含量极低。悬浮体粒度组成及其空间分布差异与水团挟带的无机颗粒、营养盐输送以及水体界面阻隔密切相关。其中,长江冲淡水挟带大量无机颗粒和营养盐进入东海,致使其无机颗粒和浮游生物含量均为研究区最高;苏北沿岸流经长距离扩散后挟带的无机颗粒大多已经沉降,因此无机颗粒含量在研究区最低,而其挟带的丰富营养盐,致使浮游生物含量为次高值;台湾暖流表层水、台湾暖流深层水、东海冷涡以及台湾海峡暖水中悬浮体均以无机颗粒为主,其中前三个水团的水体界面处浮游生物含量较高;不同水团垂向交界处常形成温、盐跃层,跃层能够抑制底层营养盐向表层的扩散,导致跃层位置成为浮游生物高含量区。     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)含新型关键识别基序DPY/WTD单结构域C型凝集素PtCTL-6的免疫功能研究

C型凝集素是一类依赖于钙离子的糖识别蛋白超家族,该家族蛋白在海洋无脊椎动物先天免疫系统中的非己识别和对病原微生物的清除过程中起重要作用。本文以三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)含单个糖识别域(CRD)的C型凝集素PtCTL-6为研究对象展开研究。研究表明PtCTL-6的开放阅读框(ORF)编码一条由信号肽、LDLa和CRD组成的多肽链。该C型凝集素的识别关键基序为DPY/WTD(Asp-Pro-Tyr/Trp-Thr-Asp),未见于前人研究。病原相关分子模式(PAMPs)结合活性检测结果表明:PtCTL-6重组蛋白(rPtCTL-6)能结合脂多糖(LPS)、肽聚糖(PGN)和β-葡聚糖(β-glucan),并能结合7种微生物,包括革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌和真菌。凝菌活性实验证明, PtCTL-6能选择性地凝集真菌毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)与酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)。以上结果证实PtCTL-6能作为模式识别受体参与机体对微生物的识别,并且该分子具备较广泛的免疫识别谱。最后,本文初步探索了该分子对"非己"物质的识别机制,发现PtCTL-6通过特异性的结合D-甘露糖和D-岩藻糖对"非己"物质进行识别,是一种具备新型糖结合模式的C型凝集素。     

A National Key R&D Program: Technologies and Guidelines for Monitoring Ecological Quality of Terrestrial Ecosystems in China

Ecological quality is defined as the stability, adaptability and resilience of an ecosystem. Monitoring and assessing ecological quality are important bases for China's ecological civilization construction. The national key research and development program “Technologies and guidelines for monitoring ecological quality of terrestrial ecosystems in China”, launched in July 2017, includes plans to study the observation technologies and provide guidelines on the ecological in-situ observation, the regional biodiversity and ecosystem function monitoring and its applications, all of which contribute to national ecological quality assessment. A year after its implementation, some important progress has been achieved, such as building the indicator system for comprehensive monitoring of ecological quality and improvement of the methods, mass data transmission, infrared camera-based monitoring of biodiversity, multi-angle automatic spectral observation systems, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based desert monitoring. We have organized this special issue and attempted to introduce the monitoring techniques and assessment methods on ecological quality from different perspectives in order to further promote the development of ecology and its observation methods.     

地震资料中柱状流体运移通道形态参数及其地质意义

深部流体在向上运移的过程中,能够形成垂直-近似垂直的柱状通道,如气烟囱构造、流体逸散管道等。利用高分辨率地震资料,能够直观地对这些柱状地球物理异常进行精细的描述与刻画,从而统计其形态参数。综合不同海域的研究成果,本次研究系统总结归纳了柱状流体运移通道的8个重要参数,分别是发育层位、终止层位、平面形状、直径、高度和宽高比、反射偏移、椭圆率、拟合椭圆方位角。形态参数分别与通道群在平面上的展布方位、特殊的海底异常地貌(如海底麻坑、丘状体等)、深部构造发育与分布(如底辟、断层等)等进行耦合关联,能够进一步揭示柱状流体运移通道的地质含义。可将形态参数分为:(1)从形态学上对柱状通道进行直接分类的参数;(2)指示柱状通道形成诱发因素或形成过程的参数;(3)划分柱状通道幕式流体活动及期次的参数;(4)定义柱状通道中流体活动时间区间的参数;(5)间接反映柱状通道中流体通量相对大小的参数。实际研究过程中,单一形态参数难以准确反映出复杂地质背景下柱状通道的真实地质含义,多参数组合、相互对比验证,能够更好地对柱状流体通道的地质含义做出综合分析。     

基于无人机平台的海域监管关键技术及其应用

随着无人机测绘技术的迅速发展,其在近海海域监管领域发挥越来越重要的作用。文章介绍无人机高精度定位和倾斜摄影关键技术,结合先进的计算机软件技术和数据库管理技术,开展海面和海岸一体化的近海海域综合监测应用。研究结果表明:无人机测绘技术能够满足监测作业的精度要求,极大地提高海域监测智能化的程度,其应用可为广州市海域监管提供实时有效的数据支撑,并为海洋资源的可持续发展提供有力的技术保障。     

潜在公海世界遗产及其保护和管理

为保护全人类共有的公海资源,尤其是具有重要价值的世界遗产,文章概述联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心与世界自然保护联盟提出的5处潜在公海世界遗产,并分析其保护和管理的问题及其原因。研究结果表明:潜在公海世界遗产分别为失落之城热液区、哥斯达黎加热穹窿、大白鲨咖啡厅、马尾藻海和亚特兰蒂斯浅滩,均为重要的海洋生物栖息地,具有极高的研究和保护价值,其中失落之城热液区有望成为全球首处公海世界遗产;由于名称和定义尚不明确等原因,潜在公海世界遗产缺乏统一的保护和管理;全球海洋世界遗产较少,公海世界遗产更处于初级发展阶段,应充分发挥国际组织的作用,促进各国的积极参与,可持续开发利用公海资源。