苏尼特左旗地区海西末——印支期构造活动特征

该文对内蒙古苏尼特左旗地区NNE向褶皱的形态、褶皱成生时承受的轴向载荷、压缩量乃至断裂及韧性剪切带的形态和变形域进行了对比研究,划分了变形序次。在此基础上认为该区存在印支运动的构造形迹,且该形迹是在海西末期形成的构造形迹的基础上,在同一区域构造应力场持续作用下递进变形的产物。      

推扫式相机和机载激光雷达同机航测飞行试验经验探讨

一、引言 随着新型航空传感器应用的逐步成熟和普遍,越来越多的测绘生产任务都开始采用DGPS/GNSS双星系统、高精度的IMU惯导系统,以及更加精密的陀螺稳定平台。     

Assessment of carbon in woody plants and soil across a vineyard-woodland landscape

Background

Quantification of ecosystem services, such as carbon (C) storage, can demonstrate the benefits of managing for both production and habitat conservation in agricultural landscapes. In this study, we evaluated C stocks and woody plant diversity across vineyard blocks and adjoining woodland ecosystems (wildlands) for an organic vineyard in northern California. Carbon was measured in soil from 44 one m deep pits, and in aboveground woody biomass from 93 vegetation plots. These data were combined with physical landscape variables to model C stocks using a geographic information system and multivariate linear regression.

Results

Field data showed wildlands to be heterogeneous in both C stocks and woody tree diversity, reflecting the mosaic of several different vegetation types, and storing on average 36.8 Mg C/ha in aboveground woody biomass and 89.3 Mg C/ha in soil. Not surprisingly, vineyard blocks showed less variation in above- and belowground C, with an average of 3.0 and 84.1 Mg C/ha, respectively.

Conclusions

This research demonstrates that vineyards managed with practices that conserve some fraction of adjoining wildlands yield benefits for increasing overall C stocks and species and habitat diversity in integrated agricultural landscapes. For such complex landscapes, high resolution spatial modeling is challenging and requires accurate characterization of the landscape by vegetation type, physical structure, sufficient sampling, and allometric equations that relate tree species to each landscape. Geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques are useful for integrating the above variables into an analysis platform to estimate C stocks in these working landscapes, thereby helping land managers qualify for greenhouse gas mitigation credits. Carbon policy in California, however, shows a lack of focus on C stocks compared to emissions, and on agriculture compared to other sectors. Correcting these policy shortcomings could create incentives for ecosystem service provision, including C storage, as well as encourage better farm stewardship and habitat conservation.

     

锰矿物的快速简易鉴定法

一、原理含锰矿物种类较多,分布普遍,但具有经济价值的锰矿物,主要是锰的氧化物和碳酸盐。其主要矿物有硬锰矿、软锰矿、黑锰矿、水锰矿、菱锰矿等。这些锰矿物一般都能与盐酸作用,其化学反应式为: 2 MnO_2+4HCl→2 MnCl_2+2H_2O+O_2 MnCO_3+2 HCl→MnCl_2+H_2O+CO_2 锰矿物与盐酸作用后的溶液,经干涸后,易生成氯化锰和含水氯化锰晶体,可在正交偏光显微镜下,根据其晶体形状、光性和潮解转变等特征加以鉴别。二、方法该方法只需一台偏光显微镜、酒精灯和数片载物片,以及20～50％的盐酸一滴瓶。其步骤是:刻取粒径为1毫米左右的矿物或矿石置于载物片上,滴入20～50％盐酸,移于酒精灯上缓缓加热     

《敦煌雅丹地貌形成发育过程图谱》

<正>内容简介:《敦煌雅丹地貌形成发育过程图谱》是我国乃至世界上首部以雅丹地貌为主题的科普性专著,全书图文并茂,中英文对照。简要介绍了世界雅丹地貌研究历史、研究进展、主要问题及研究意义,以及敦煌地区雅丹地貌的研究历史和研究进展。用精美的图片形象具体、直观地展示了甘肃敦煌雅丹国家地质公园、敦煌北湖雅丹和崔木土三地雅丹地貌形成发育过程的幼年期、青年期、壮年期和老年期等4个阶段,给人     

超强台风“威马逊”作用下红河三角洲海域水动力环境变化的数值研究

201409号超强台风"威马逊"于2014年7月从北部湾北部过境,对红河三角洲近岸海域的水动力环境产生重要影响。本文基于Delft3D建立三维潮、流、浪耦合数值模型,对红河三角洲水位、海流及波浪对台风的响应变化进行模拟。结果表明:威马逊台风期间,红河三角洲海域风速增大约6倍,风向由偏南风转为偏北风,表底层流速均受影响,其中表层变化较大,表现为北分量流速明显增大,流向变为偏南向,与风向主分量变化有关;波高增大为正常海况的9倍,时间变化与风速一致。本研究获得了从北部湾北部海域过境的台风影响下红河三角洲海域水动力环境的响应变化特征,对该海域的物质输运研究及海洋工程建设有重要意义。     

The sandhopper Talitrus saltator (Crustacea: Amphipoda) as a biomonitor of trace metal bioavailabilities in European coastal waters

The amphipod crustacean Talitrus saltator is an established, easily accessible, biomonitor of trace metal bioavailabilities in coastal waters. We have carried out a geographically widespread collection of T. saltator from European shores, stretching from the north-west Atlantic through the Baltic to the Mediterranean. A primary aim of the work was to establish a database of accumulated trace metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in this biomonitor. Statistical analysis has shown significant geographical differences in the bioavailabilities of all the metals, the most distinct being copper, iron and manganese. It has proved possible to identify unusually high accumulated concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in this biomonitor, indicative of high metal bioavailability at a particular site. These may serve as reference points for future biomonitoring programmes seeking to identify metal contamination in coastal waters.     

筑坝反滤料动模量和阻尼比试验的颗粒流模拟

以筑坝反滤料的室内中型动三轴试验结果为基础,运用离散单元法中的二维颗粒流方法建立了轴对称数值试样模型,通过控制加荷过程中试样体积不变的方法,模拟了不排水加载条件下反滤料的动模量和阻尼比试验。调整颗粒的细观接触参数,与真实试验结果进行比较分析,在得到符合实际结果的宏观力学响应的同时,分析了配位数、孔隙率和超孔隙水压的变化,并从微观角度对动三轴试验进行了探讨。讨论了固结比和密实度对动模量的影响,认为粗粒反滤料的固结比对最大动模量的影响比较符合Hardin推导公式的结果。结果表明,颗粒流方法可以较好地模拟反滤料的动模量和阻尼比试验,试验过程中微观方面的袁现也符合实际室内试验的规律。     

淮南煤田二叠系沉积相特征及其与烃源岩的关系

在对淮南地区二叠系岩性、矿物和生物化石进行观测研究以及相关地球化学参数测试的基础上,对淮南地区这一时期的沉积相演化特征及其与烃源岩之间关系进行分析。结果表明:淮南地区早、中二叠世时期海水震荡性后退,总体以水下沉积为主,大致可划分为2种沉积亚相:山西组的三角洲沉积和下石盒子组的水下分流河道沉积,又可以进一步细分为前三角洲、泥炭沼泽、分流河道、决口扇、河漫滩等微相,泥页岩在前三角洲和河漫滩相最发育。岩性和显微组分的组成受沉积微环境变化的控制作用明显,“（腐泥组+壳质组）/∑显微组分”以大于等于70%为主,利于生气;有机碳含量则受沉积亚相和沉积微环境的共同控制,山西组泥页岩中有机碳平均质量分数约2.78%,明显高于下石盒子组泥页岩中的1.11%。综合考虑泥页岩累计厚度、有机碳含量及有机质的显微组成等因素认为,研究区山西组和下石盒子组都可作为页岩气的有利勘探层位,尤以“潘集镇-潘集区-泥河镇-平圩镇”这一带最为有利。