SP—2305气相色谱仪在地震预报中的应用

本文对监测地下深部气体组分含量变化,在地震预报中的作用作了论述,对开展天山地震带气体地震前兆研究的条件和SP—2305色谱仪观测条件的选择作了分析,最后,对气体测量在地震预报中的效应进行了探讨。     

基于熵权的海岛地区城市生态系统健康动态评价研究——以舟山群岛新区为例

文章将舟山群岛新区作为研究对象,以结构、功能、协调这3个基准点为视角,构建舟山群岛新区城市生态系统健康的评价指标体系;运用熵权法进行客观赋权,探讨海岛地区城市生态系统健康的主要影响因素;分析系统各主要因素间彼此的联系和相互关系,评价舟山城市生态系统健康动态,以便进一步提高舟山群岛新区城市生态系统健康水平,优化经济结构,为加强海岛地区生态与环境管理,促进海岛地区经济发展提供决策依据。研究结果表明:近年来,舟山群岛新区城市生态系统健康程度以稳中有升的趋势在不断提高;结构指数有小幅波动,功能指数波动显著,改善明显,其中,城市环境是造成结构指数波动的主要原因。城市文明率较低和可持续性持续走低是城市协调度的主要限制因素。由此,优化资源配置、改善经济结构、持续减排、提升城市环境是确保舟山群岛新区城市生态系统健康水平的关键。     

An assessment of an oil spill in Gladstone, Australia - impacts on intertidal areas at one month post-spill

In January 2006, 25 tonnes of heavy fuel oil spilled into the Port of Gladstone in Queensland, Australia, from the breached hull of a bulk carrier ship. Over the following days, approximately 18 tonnes of the oil was recovered, however a certain amount of oil was deposited in the intertidal areas of Port Curtis leaving a highly visible, viscous residue. The objectives of this research were to assess the immediate impacts on the intertidal habitat and to gain baseline information for future comparative assessments. Sediment PAH and metal concentrations, mangrove communities and intertidal macroinvertebrates were assessed within one month post-spill at oil-impacted sites; adjacent sites which were not visibly impacted; and reference sites which were located outside the recorded distribution of the oil spill. Highest PAH concentrations were found at the impacted sites, with concentrations of some PAHs exceeding Australian and New Zealand Sediment Quality Guidelines (ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000). These sites contained very few or no crab holes in the high intertidal area, indicating a low crab density in comparison to reference sites. Little immediate impact was evident on the mangrove and macrobenthic communities, however future surveys may show evidence of longer-term impacts on these communities.     

内蒙古固阳地区太古宙乌拉山群构造变形分析

乌拉山群的变质－变形问题一直有不同的认识＾「１～３」。该文以固阳地区３幅１∶５万区调资料为基础,结合９０年代以来周边地区１∶５万区调成果,提出晚太古宙乌拉山群经历了两期主要的构造变形。第一期为伸展体制下近水平分层剪切形成的固态流变褶皱和高温顺层韧性剪切带,属高角闪岩相－麻粒岩相,变形时间为太古代末;第二期构造变形为地壳抬升之后的剂压体制下,中、浅层次的紧闭同斜相似褶皱－－主期褶皱和低温韧性剪切带,     

内蒙古固阳县席麻塔一带共轭剪切带的地质特征及形成机制

通过区调填图在内蒙古固阳县北山新太古代石英闪长岩和中元古代英云闪长岩中发现了韧性剪切带.通过野外调查、应变测量及显微构造、电子探针等方法研究表明, 该韧性剪切带为两组呈共轭组合型式产出, 形成机制与西伯利亚板块和华北板块相互挤压作用有关, 为在地球较深层次、在压扁环境下的简单剪切, 形成时代为中元古代末期, 变质相为绿片岩相.      

伊豆半岛北东部地壳的异常变形及其构造意义——张裂纹模型——

伊豆半岛位于菲律宾海板块的北东边缘．菲律宾海板块在日布岛屿的南面，以伊豆半岛的西侧和东侧的骏河和相模海沟为界．菲律宾海板块与伊豆半岛北部边缘的日本岛相撞．     

东海磁场特征的初步研究

东海磁场区域上呈现“东西分带、南北分块”的格局,根据磁场特征,自西向东可分为六个磁场区,为东海区域构造分区提供了地球物理场依据。东海磁场特征主要反映了上地壳的构造特征。本文结合东海断面重磁曲线的拟合成果,讨论了东海地壳结构、块体对接等问题。我们认为东海基底是晚中生代后由不同块体在不同时代对接而成,由西向东基底年代越来越新,地壳结构也由典型的陆壳过渡到典型的洋壳。     

Demography,destiny and population policies

This article considers the aftermath of the 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development and the later Laxon, Sweden meeting of about 40 academic geographers, who addressed the implications of the Plan of Action for national policy. A recent International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP) member synthesized conference impact on member nations. Martens from IUSSP offered the critique that the 381 recommendations were philosophically incoherent and poorly integrated and did not distinguish between government as a "doer of things" from government as "organizer and guarantor of a legal-institutional framework for allowing individuals and voluntary groups to seek improvements." This article discusses the apparent gulf between the views of population researchers and that of policy makers. It is reasoned that population policies do matter. The Club of Rome world model confirmed rapid population growth during 1972-90. Population policies in the past emphasized a societal perspective rather than an individual one. Policies impact on individual decision making. Most population geographers emphasize four features of social change. 1) Policy must address suitable measures for easing social, economic, and political tensions that arise in the temporary experience of high population growth. 2) More sensitive models of demographic behavior need to be developed, in order to account for the highly uneven patterns of fertility and mortality. Policy should not focus exclusively on family planning and should take into account the cultural and socioeconomic context. 3) Migration pressures from poor to rich countries have increased. Policy should address international migration. 4) People adapt quickly to new policy measures and apply policies effectively in their own life. Policies fail when the top-down approach does not include adequate research into values and behavior of the persons most affected by policy. These four points were discussed throughout this issue of "Applied Geography."     

GPS/BDS接收机端系统偏差实时估计方法

针对GPS-BDS系统偏差会导致GPS和BDS系统间的混合双差模糊度不具有整数特性,且其不完全稳定的问题,该文提出一种GPS/BDS系统偏差实时在线估计方法。通过将双差模糊度以单差模糊度之差的形式进行求解,然后再将以周为单位的单差模糊度投影为双差模糊度,以此消除GPS和BDS不同波长的影响;在此基础上,采用Kalman滤波对系统偏差进行实时动态估计。实验结果表明,该方法采用较少历元的观测数据便可使系统偏差收敛,并且收敛后十分稳定,可以将其作为校正参数;加入系统偏差改正的GPS/BDS紧组合定位在恶劣环境下表现良好,可将模糊度固定平均所需时间缩短29%,模糊度固定成功率提高45%。     

两种壳聚糖的不同配比对草莓保鲜效果的影响

研究了两种相对分子质量的壳聚糖以不同的比例配比所制的保鲜剂对草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明 :当相对分子质量为 3万和 1 70 0的两种壳聚糖以 1∶ 1 (质量比 )配比时 ,所制的保鲜剂对草莓有较好的保鲜效果 ,能使草莓果实的失水率、腐烂率和发霉率显著降低 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;果实体内的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc等含量以及糖酸比明显增加(P<0 .0 5) ;超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性增强 ,丙二醛 (MDA)含量减少 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,果实细胞膜稳定性显著提高。