地理可视化：运用GIS将空间概念变与现实

过去，ＧＩＳ软件功能开发集中于手工制图和分析过程的再现。数据格式的不兼容性大大限制了更为复杂分析功能的开发。近来，ＧＩＳ软件的发展允许用户同时使用栅格和矢量两种数据。由此开始真正的数据联合的趋势。     

The Gladstone (Australia) oil spill - impacts on intertidal areas: baseline and six months post-spill

In January 2006, 25 tonnes of heavy fuel oil spilled into the Port of Gladstone in Queensland, Australia, from the breached hull of a bulk carrier ship. While approximately 18 tonnes of the oil was recovered, a certain amount of oil was deposited in the intertidal areas of Port Curtis leaving a highly visible, viscous residue. The objectives of this research were to assess the short-term (one month post-spill) and medium-term (six months post-spill) impacts on the intertidal habitat.Sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal concentrations, mangrove communities and intertidal macroinvertebrates were assessed at oil impacted sites, adjacent sites which were not visibly impacted and reference sites which were located outside the recorded distribution of the oil spill.At one month post-spill, highest PAH concentrations were found at the impacted sites, with concentrations of some PAHs exceeding Australian and New Zealand sediment quality guidelines (SQG) [ANZECC/ARMCANZ, 2000. Sediment Quality Guidelines. Australia and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand]. However, by six months post-spill PAH concentrations had significantly decreased. PAH concentrations tended to be higher in the back (upper) intertidal zone than at the front of the mangrove stand, and sediment cores indicated that PAH contaminants had remained in the top 4 cm of the sediment. These results indicate that the overall decreased PAH concentrations are likely to be due to evaporation, photoxidation and tidal flushing of the residual oil in these impacted sites.During the initial survey, the impact site contained very few or no crabholes in the high intertidal area, indicating a low crab density in comparison to reference sites. However, at six months post-spill mangrove crab communities appeared to be fully recovered with crabhole densities in impact sites similar to reference sites.While little immediate impact was evident on mangrove parameters, significantly higher seedling mortality and defoliation was apparent at six months post-spill, particularly in the upper intertidal zone. Intertidal macrobenthic communities did not appear to be impacted, either immediately or at six months post-spill. Monitoring of these oil impacted intertidal areas will continue to examine the long-term impacts/recovery from the oil spill.     

A Geochemical Study of an REE-rich Carbonatite Dyke at Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

An REE-rich carbonatite dyke was found in Dulahala, close to the Bayan Obo superlarge REE-Nb-Fe mineral deposit in Inner Mongolia, northern China. The REE content in the dyke varies greatly, from 1% up to 20% (wt), which might constitute rich REE ores. Light REEs in the carbonatite are enriched and highly fractionated relative to heavy REEs and there is no Eu anomaly. The REE and trace element distribution patterns of the carbonatite are identical to those of fine-grained dolomite marble which is the host rock of the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe superlarge mineral deposit. This indicates a petrogenetic linkage between the REE-rich carbonatite and the mineralizations in this region.     

基于RS和GIS的凉城县植被覆盖动态变化研究

基于RS和GIS技术,以凉城县为研究区,以两期Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为研究数据,借助土地利用动态度模型和土地利用转移矩阵,从数量变化和空间变化两个方面分析了2006-2016年研究区的植被覆盖动态变化情况.研究结果表明:①10 a间凉城县植被覆盖面积有所减少,年均变化速率为-2.04％,呈缓慢减少趋势,空间变化度为6.52％,空间变化差异较明显;②凉城县大面积的植被覆盖主要分布于山体、丘陵区,10 a间减少的植被覆盖一部分转化为其他用地,主要位于蛮汉山和马头山的阳坡地带以及东部丘陵区,另一部分转化为建设用地,特别是岱海盆地较为明显,这与内蒙古自治区自2014年起实施的"十个全覆盖"工程有关;③植被覆盖度动态变化的主要驱动因素为气候因素、地形因素和人为因素.     

Biomarkers in croakers Micropogonias furnieri (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) from polluted and non-polluted areas from the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil): evidences of genotoxic and immunological effects

Biomarkers of exposure and effect of pollutants were analyzed in croakers Micropogonias furnieri (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) captured in winter and summer in a polluted and in a non-polluted site at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil). Catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities (exposure biomarkers) and lipid peroxidation (effect biomarker) were analyzed in liver samples. Other two effect biomarkers were also studied: blood cells DNA damage (through comet assay and micronucleus test) and respiratory burst measurements. In a broad view, results point to an important seasonal variation of the biochemical biomarkers analyzed. However, data obtained clearly indicate that croakers collected in winter at the polluted site were subjected to a level of clastogenic agents sufficient to generate irreversible genetic damages (mutations) and impair the fish immune system.     

基于像素工厂的海量遥感卫星影像处理方法

像素工厂是当今世界一流的遥感影像自动化处理系统,具有超强的影像处理能力,可以自动处理多种传感器的海量数据,生产各种基础地理信息成果。高分一号卫星是中国高分辨率对地观测系统的第一颗卫星,为经济社会发展建设提供丰富的影像资源。本文以国产高分一号卫星影像数据为基础数据源,结合实际生产,探索了一套基于像素工厂系统的高效处理高分一号卫星影像的关键技术及工艺流程。