Differences between CMIP6 and CMIP5 Models in Simulating Climate over China and the East Asian Monsoon

We compare the ability of coupled global climate models from the phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively) in simulating the temperature and precipitation climatology and interannual variability over China for the period 1961–2005 and the climatological East Asian monsoon for the period1979–2005. All 92 models are able to simulate the geographical distribution of the above variables reasonably well.Compared with earlier CMIP5 models, current CMIP6 models have nationally weaker cold biases, a similar nationwide overestimation of precipitation and a weaker underestimation of the southeast–northwest precipitation gradient, a comparable overestimation of the spatial variability of the interannual variability, and a similar underestimation of the strength of winter monsoon over northern Asia. Pairwise comparison indicates that models have improved from CMIP5 to CMIP6 for climatological temperature and precipitation and winter monsoon but display little improvement for the interannual temperature and precipitation variability and summer monsoon. The ability of models relates to their horizontal resolutions in certain aspects. Both the multi-model arithmetic mean and median display similar skills and outperform most of the individual models in all considered aspects.     

Climate Change of 4℃ Global Warming above Pre-industrial Levels

Using a set of numerical experiments from 39 CMIP5 climate models, we project the emergence time for 4?C global warming with respect to pre-industrial levels and associated climate changes under the RCP8.5 greenhouse gas concentration scenario. Results show that, according to the 39 models, the median year in which 4?C global warming will occur is 2084.Based on the median results of models that project a 4?C global warming by 2100, land areas will generally exhibit stronger warming than the oceans annually and seasonally, and the strongest enhancement occurs in the Arctic, with the exception of the summer season. Change signals for temperature go outside its natural internal variabilities globally, and the signal-tonoise ratio averages 9.6 for the annual mean and ranges from 6.3 to 7.2 for the seasonal mean over the globe, with the greatest values appearing at low latitudes because of low noise. Decreased precipitation generally occurs in the subtropics, whilst increased precipitation mainly appears at high latitudes. The precipitation changes in most of the high latitudes are greater than the background variability, and the global mean signal-to-noise ratio is 0.5 and ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 for the annual and seasonal means, respectively. Attention should be paid to limiting global warming to 1.5?C, in which case temperature and precipitation will experience a far more moderate change than the natural internal variability. Large inter-model disagreement appears at high latitudes for temperature changes and at mid and low latitudes for precipitation changes. Overall, the intermodel consistency is better for temperature than for precipitation.     

黑龙江金厂金矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

金厂金矿床位于太平岭隆起与老黑山坳陷的隆坳交接部位。矿化有4种类型:隐爆角砾岩型、环状放射状断裂充填型、岩浆穹窿型、接触带型。矿区内已初步建立隐爆角砾岩型—环状放射状断裂充填型—岩浆穹窿型—接触带型的矿床成因模型及找矿模型。综合研究矿区内的成矿规律及物探、化探、遥感异常特征,矿区及外围有较大的找矿远景。     

应用IAP9L-AGCM对2002年中国夏季气候的预测及效果检验

利用中科院大气所9层大气环流格点模式(IAP9L—AGCM)和IAP—ENSO预测系统对2002年中国夏季气候进行实时集合预测及其检验。结果显示，IAP9L—AGCM较好地预测出了2002年夏季我国大范围旱涝的分布形势，如华南、我国西部多雨，黄河和长江流域之间大范围干旱等；850hPa减弱的夏季风、青藏高原辐散中心以及北太平洋上空的异常气旋性环流中心亦被较好地预报出来；不足的是，模式对降水异常细致分布的预测能力有限。预测结果还表明，该模式对夏季(6—8月)平均降水的预报技巧要高于月平均状况，且月平均预报的准确度从6—8月依次递减。     

Sedimentology and architecture of the Douglas Creek terminal splay,Lake Eyre,central Australia

Douglas Creek terminal splay, sited on the western shoreline of Lake Eyre North, central Australia, covers a surface area of approximately 4 km² with a down‐system length of 2·5 km from the distributary channels terminus to the splay fringe. Two distributary channels feed two sediment lobes which have amalgamated to form the terminal splay. Three primary facies associations have been identified sub‐dividing the creek terminus into distributary channel, proximal and distal splay sections. Proximal splay sediments are characterized by erosionally based, relatively thick (> 100 mm), stacked sheets of coarse to medium sand which commonly display trough and planar cross‐bedding, whereas the distal splay is characterized by thin (generally < 50 mm) massive beds of very fine sand, silt and clay. The change in splay sedimentology is interpreted as reflecting the transition from bedload‐dominated deposition to suspended load‐dominated deposition from decelerating sheetfloods as they spread out from the channel onto the dry lake bed. A proximal to distal splay transition zone is also noted where deposits of both facies associations interfinger laterally and vertically. In scale, geometry and facies associations, the Douglas Creek terminal splay is very different to the often cited Neales terminal splay complex located 70 km to the north. It is suggested that these architectural differences reflect variations in discharge volume, input sediment distribution and the degree of vegetation cover. Understanding the variation in terminal splay architecture has very significant implications for the modelling of analogous subsurface petroleum systems, which at present relies on few modern‐day analogues.     

ENSO与中国东部夏季降水异常关系的年代际变化

根据1960—2011年Had ISST资料集中的月平均海表温度资料和中国753站逐日降水资料,基于转经验正交函数分解等分析方法,发现中国夏季降水的变化具有明显的独立性特征,可以分为相对独立的11个雨区,并在此基础上讨论了11个雨区夏季降水与ENSO的相关关系及其年代际变化,发现不同雨区的夏季降水与ENSO相关关系的年代际变化特征不尽相同,据此可分为3种类型:第1类为稳定不相关型,代表区为东北地区、长江中下游地区、江南地区、闽赣地区、环琼州海峡地区;第2类为稳定相关型,代表区为河套地区、黄河中下游地区;第3类为相关关系变化型,代表区为辽吉地区、黄淮地区、淮河流域以及两广地区。而在第3类相关关系变化型中,4个雨区夏季降水与ENSO相关关系的年代际突变时间也存在差异,两广地区的突变年份在1975年左右,辽吉地区和黄淮地区的突变年份在1980年左右,淮河流域的突变年份在1985年左右。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ对中国对虾淋巴细胞培养物的协同诱导作用

对虾的传染性疾病是限制对虾养殖业发展的主要因素.目前至少发现了17种对虾病毒病并鉴定出了30多种对虾病毒[1～5].虽然已在其宿主动物---虾中对对虾病毒病进行了多方面的研究,但为了分离、纯化和鉴定这些病毒,必须建立一个适宜于对虾组织的体外培养系统.繁殖并弄清病毒的分子结构及其理化特性是研究病毒病、检测和治疗病毒病的重要手段,而发展对虾细胞的体外培养和建系技术是解决这些问题的关键之一.     

西藏冈底斯成矿带成矿规律

冈底斯成矿带是中国西部最重要的成矿带之一,目前已探获的铜金属资源量大于3000万t、铅锌金属资源量大于730万t。前人对该带成矿地质条件、成矿规律、成矿理论等研究取得了创新性、突破性的成果,文章结合成矿带最新勘查和研究进展,开展了以下总结工作：①划分了矿床类型。成矿带已发现的矿床类型包括：斑岩型铜金、铜钼、钼（铜）矿床,矽卡岩型铜、铅锌、铁、钨钼矿床,浅成中-低温热液型铅锌银、铯、自然硫矿床,沉积型石膏、煤等;②收集汇总了矿床成岩成矿高精度年龄学数据,总结了成矿时代分布规律,划分了石炭纪、晚三叠世—侏罗纪、早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世早期、晚白垩世晚期—始新世早期、渐新世、中新世、第四纪7个成矿期;③总结了不同矿床类型的空间分布规律,探讨了矿床东西向成带、南北向成串的控制因素;④收集了典型矿床金属硫化物的硫、铅同位素数据,探讨了成矿物质来源对成矿元素的影响：幔源物质→壳幔混合物质→壳源物质依次对应了Cu-Au→ Cu-Mo→Pb-Zn成矿元素的分布;⑤厘定了5个成矿系列,包括冈底斯与晚古生代沉积成矿作用有关的石膏矿床成矿系列;冈底斯与印支晚期—燕山早期中酸性岩浆成矿作用有关的Cu、Au、Ag、Fe矿床成矿系列;冈底斯与晚中生代沉积成矿作用有关的煤矿床成矿系列;冈底斯与喜马拉雅期岩浆成矿作用有关的Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、W、Fe、Co矿床成矿系列;冈底斯与新生代沉积成矿作用有关的砂金矿床成矿系列;⑥探讨了区域构造演化与成矿的关系。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水体中37种典型抗生素

目前抗生素的环境检出受到人们的广泛关注,但能够同时测试地表水和地下水中七大类抗生素的方法仍较为缺乏。本文采用超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS),建立了同时测定地表水和地下水中磺胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、β-内酰胺类和其他类共七大类37种抗生素的分析方法。该方法对水中抗生素有较好的富集作用及灵敏度,检出限为0.6～10.6ng/L,基质加标回收率大多为60%～130%。采用本方法测定了北京市永定河地表水、潮白河地表水及潮白河流域地下水中的抗生素。结果表明：永定河地表水中以磺胺类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类为主,检出率分别为88.9%、55.6%和33.3%,其中氧氟沙星的最大值为111.9ng/L;潮白河地表水中磺胺类、喹诺酮类和氯霉素类抗生素的检出率均为100%,其中替米考星的浓度高达71.6ng/L;潮白河流域地下水中以磺胺类、喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类抗生素为主,检出率分别为66.7%、55.6%和22.2%,磺胺嘧啶的最大值为69.3ng/L。污水处理厂附近样品中抗生素的检出率及浓度均明显高于其他点位。本研究建立的方法简单、快速、准确,为地表...     

商代含高放射性成因铅的青铜器矿料来源与古蜀三星堆在矿业贸易中的地位

含高放射性成因铅是商代青铜器的重要特征,但对其矿料来源的讨论众说纷纭,莫衷一是。本文收集了河南郑州商城、山西垣曲商城、湖北盘龙城、四川三星堆、陕西汉中（地区）、江西新干大洋洲、河南安阳殷墟和陕北（地区）覆盖整个商代的8个遗址/地区700件出土青铜器样品的铅同位素组成数据,并与全国606个Pb—Zn、Cu、Sn多金属矿床4025件矿石样品的铅同位素组成数据进行比对分析,探讨商代青铜器的矿料来源和古蜀国在矿业贸易中的地位。研究表明：（1）河南郑州商城、湖北盘龙城、陕西汉中、山西垣曲商城、河南安阳殷墟和陕北6个遗址/地区的青铜器很可能采用了含异常铅和正常铅的两类铅料;而四川三星堆与江西新干大洋洲出土的青铜器则主要采用了含异常铅的铅料。四川三星堆、陕西汉中和陕北3个遗址/地区出土的青铜器很可能采用了含异常铅和正常铅的两类铜料;而河南郑州商城、湖北盘龙城、山西垣曲商城、河南安阳殷墟与江西新干大洋洲出土的青铜器采用的铜料很可能以含正常铅为主,但不排除采用含异常铅铜料的可能性。（2）对比全国Cu、Pb—Zn、Sn及多金属矿床铅同位素资料,商代遗址出土的青铜器中的高放射性成因铅的铅料,最有可能来自四川云南交界处的MVT型Pb—Zn矿床;而含高放射性成因铅的铜料,则最可能来自四川云南交界处的IOCG型Cu矿和山西中条山铜矿峪Cu矿床。（3）综合三星堆遗址得天独厚的地理位置,三星堆青铜文明的兴衰时间及其与其他文化交流与贸易往来的路径,推测古蜀三星堆很可能是商代含高放射性成因铅的铅料及部分铜料贸易的大型中转地,商代含高放射性成因铅的青铜器的兴盛与衰落则很可能与三星堆青铜文明的开启与消亡有关。