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831.
Wenda Cao Klaus Hartkorn Jun Ma Yan Xu Tom Spirock Haimin Wang Philip R. Goode 《Solar physics》2006,238(1):207-217
We discuss a near-infrared (NIR) narrow-band tunable birefringent filter system newly developed by the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). This is one of the first narrow-bandpass NIR filter systems working at 1.56 μm which is used for the observation of the deepest solar photosphere. Four stages of calcite were used to obtain a bandpass of 2.5 Å along with a free spectral range (FSR) of 40 Å. Some unique techniques were implemented in the design, including liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) to tune the bandpass in a range of ±100 Å, a wide field configuration to provide up to 2° incident angle, and oil-free structure to make it more compact and handy. After performing calibration and characteristic evaluation at the Evans Facility of the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak (NSO/SP), a series of high-resolution filtergrams and imaging polarimetry observations were carried out with the Dunn Solar Telescope of NSO/SP and the 65-cm telescope of BBSO, in conjunction with the high-order adaptive optics system and the Fabry–Pérot Interferometer (FPI). In this paper, we describe the optical design and discuss the calibration method. Preliminary observations show that it is capable of serving as either a stand-alone narrow-band filter for NIR filtergram observations or an order-sorting filter of a FPI applied to NIR two-dimensional imaging spectro-polarimetry. 相似文献
832.
Jan Bernkopf Klaus Fuhrmann † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(2):673-676
This paper concentrates on the relationship between the rate of gas emission from the nucleus of Comet 9P/Tempel 1, the fraction f of the nucleus that is active, and the crater damage inflicted by the recent 2005 July 4 Deep Impact space mission. The cometary nucleus has a surface area of about 1.7 × 108 m2 and a mean radius of about 3700 m. Before the impact it is estimated that only a fraction f = 0.0056 of the nucleus surface was actively producing gas and dust. The active area was about 9.4 × 105 m2 . Absolute magnitudes obtained at recent perihelion passages of this comet indicate that variations in the 0.0074 > f > 0.0039 range can occur from apparition to apparition. Because of the low size of the original active area, the production of a new impact crater in the diameter range 40 to 300 m would lead to a long-term change in the cometary visual magnitude in the range 0.0018 to 0.098 respectively. This is below the limit of detectability. It has been suggested that the cometary dust is in the form of 'talcum powder' not 'beach sand'. We suggest that the dust ejected from the impact site has been broken up by the energetic impact process and thus has a different size distribution from dust locked in the snowy matrix of the nucleus and normally lifted off the nucleus by gentle sublimation processes. 相似文献
833.
Marine ash zones from the last interglacial period have been described from cores from the North Atlantic and an ash zone from the middle part of the interglacial has been observed in connection with a major cooling event. Here we present evidence for a coeval ash zone in a terrestrial site on the Faroe Islands. The investigated sediments are correlated with the upper part of oxygen isotope stage 5e and the beginning of stage 5d. The Eemian climatic optimum is represented in the lower part of the sequence close to the first occurrence of the ash zone. A tephra-based correlation suggests that the climatic optimum was synchronous with the marine record from the Norwegian Sea, but several thousand years later than in Eemian sections of west central Europe. However, many questions on the chronological relationship between the Eemian and oxygen isotope stage 5e still remain to be answered. 相似文献
834.
Paul F. Scott Pedro Carreira Kieran Cleary Rod D. Davies Richard J. Davis Clive Dickinson Keith Grainge Carlos M. Gutiérrez Michael P. Hobson Michael E. Jones Rüdiger Kneissl Anthony Lasenby Klaus Maisinger Guy G. Pooley Rafael Rebolo José Alberto Rubiño-Martin † Pedro J. Sosa Molina Ben Rusholme ‡ Richard D. E. Saunders Richard Savage Ane Slosar Angela C. Taylor David Titterington Elizabeth Waldram Robert A. Watson § Althea Wilkinson 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(4):1076-1083
835.
Maximum-entropy image reconstruction using wavelets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
836.
Catherine Heymans Michael L. Brown Marco Barden John A. R. Caldwell Knud Jahnke Chien Y. Peng Hans-Walter Rix y Taylor Steven V. W. Beckwith Eric F. Bell rea Borch Boris Häußler Shardha Jogee Daniel H. McIntosh Klaus Meisenheimer Sebastian F. Sánchez Rachel Somerville Lutz Wisotzki Christian Wolf 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,361(1):160-176
837.
J. Segschneider B. Grieger F. Lunkeit K. Fraedrich R. Greve 《Planetary and Space Science》2005,53(6):659-670
A climate model of intermediate complexity, named the Mars Climate Simulator, has been developed based on the Portable University Model of the Atmosphere (PUMA). The main goal of this new development is to simulate the climate variations on Mars resulting from the changes in orbital parameters and their impact on the layered polar terrains (also known as permanent polar ice caps). As a first step towards transient simulations over several obliquity cycles, the model is applied to simulate the dynamical and thermodynamical response of the Martian climate system to different but fixed obliquity angles. The model is forced by the annual and daily cycle of solar insolation. Experiments have been performed for obliquities of φ=15° (minimum), φ=25.2° (present), and φ=35° (maximum). The resulting changes in solar insolation mainly in the polar regions impact strongly on the cross-equatorial circulation which is driven by the meridional temperature gradient and steered by the Martian topography. At high obliquity, the cross-equatorial near surface flow from the winter to the summer hemisphere is strongly enhanced compared to low obliquity periods. The summer ground temperature ranges from 200 K (φ=15°) to 250 K (φ=35°) at 80°N in northern summer, and from 220 K (φ=15°) to 270 K (φ=35°) at 80°S in southern summer. In the atmosphere at 1 km above ground, the respective range is 195-225 K in northern summer, and 210-250 K in southern summer. 相似文献
838.
Anna K. Sokol Addi Bischoff Kuljeet K. Marhas Klaus Mezger Emst Zinner 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(7-8):1291-1308
Abstract— Recent results of isotopic dating studies (182Hf‐182W, 26Al‐26Mg) and the increasing number of observed igneous and metamorphosed fragments in (primitive) chondrites provide strong evidence that accretion of differentiated planetesimals predates that of primitive chondrite parent bodies. The primitive chondrites Adrar 003 and Acfer 094 contain some unusual fragments that seem to have undergone recrystallization. Magnesium isotope analyses reveal no detectable radiogenic 26Mg in any of the studied fragments. The possibility that evidence for 26Al was destroyed by parent body metamorphism after formation is not likely because several other constituents of these chondrites do not show any metamorphic features. Since final accretion of a planetesimal must have occurred after formation of its youngest components, formation of these parent bodies must thus have been relatively late (i.e., after most 26Al had decayed). Al‐Mg isotope data for some igneous‐textured clasts (granitoids and andesitic fragments) within the two chondrite regolith breccias Adzhi‐Bogdo and Study Butte reveal also no evidence for radiogenic 26Mg. As calculated from the upper limits, the formation of these igneous clasts, the incorporation into the parent body regolith, and the lithification must have occurred at least 3.8 Myr (andesite in Study Butte) and 4.7 Myr (granitoids in Adzhi‐Bogdo) after calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAI) formation. The absence of 26Mg excess in the igneous inclusions does not exclude 26Al from being a heat source for planetary melting. In large, early formed planetesimals, cooling below the closure temperature of the Al‐Mg system may be too late for any evidence for live 26Al (in the form of 26Mg excess) to be preserved. Thus, growing evidence exists that chondritic meteorites represent the products of a complex, multi‐stage history of accretion, parent body modification, disruption and re‐accretion. 相似文献
839.
Lorenzo Perozzi Erwan Gloaguen Bernard Giroux Klaus Holliger 《Computational Geosciences》2016,20(6):1287-1300
We present a two-step stochastic inversion approach for monitoring the distribution of CO2 injected into deep saline aquifers for the typical scenario of one single injection well and a database comprising a common suite of well logs as well as time-lapse vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data. In the first step, we compute several sets of stochastic models of the elastic properties using conventional sequential Gaussian co-simulations (SGCS) representing the considered reservoir before CO2 injection. All realizations within a set of models are then iteratively combined using a modified gradual deformation algorithm aiming at reducing the mismatch between the observed and simulated VSP data. In the second step, these optimal static models then serve as input for a history matching approach using the same modified gradual deformation algorithm for minimizing the mismatch between the observed and simulated VSP data following the injection of CO2. At each gradual deformation step, the injection and migration of CO2 is simulated and the corresponding seismic traces are computed and compared with the observed ones. The proposed stochastic inversion approach has been tested for a realistic, and arguably particularly challenging, synthetic case study mimicking the geological environment of a potential CO2 injection site in the Cambrian-Ordivician sedimentary sequence of the St. Lawrence platform in Southern Québec. The results demonstrate that the proposed two-step reservoir characterization approach is capable of adequately resolving and monitoring the distribution of the injected CO2. This finds its expression in optimized models of P- and S-wave velocities, density, and porosity, which, compared to conventional stochastic reservoir models, exhibit a significantly improved structural similarity with regard to the corresponding reference models. The proposed approach is therefore expected to allow for an optimal injection forecast by using a quantitative assimilation of all available data from the appraisal stage of a CO2 injection site. 相似文献
840.