Weak compositional zonation in a silicic magmatic system: Incesu ignimbrite,Central Anatolian Volcanic Province (Kayseri – Turkey)

The Central Anatolian Volcanic Province (CAVP), one of four major volcanic provinces in Turkey, plays a significant role in the interpretation of the tectonic evolution of Central Anatolia. The CAVP developed within a complex collisional system involving the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates during the Miocene. The volcanism exhibits complicated variations in mineralogical, petrological and geochemical compositions resulting from post-collisional lithospheric dynamics. The Incesu ignimbrite has 5–20 m thick and covers an area of ～7800 km². It is composed of three stratigraphic levels. The lower level (LL) shows blackish brown and glassy welded structure. The middle level (ML) is a well-welded, reddish pink in color and has large amounts of fiamme. The upper level (UL) is grayish pink, weakly welded and has rock fragments of different compositions. The Incesu ignimbrite is composed of plagioclase (oligoclase, andesine) + pyroxene (augite, clinoenstatite) + opaque minerals and low amount of amphibole, biotite and quartz. Eutaxitic texture is dominant in ML and LL samples; these levels are more strongly and contain more flattened pumice fragments and volcanic glass shards than in the UL. A sharp color contrast defines the contact between LL and ML.Major, trace and rare earth element of the Incesu ignimbrite, characterized by their rhyolite, rhyodacite–dacite composition, medium–high K, calcalkaline and peraluminous nature, show fractional crystallization primarily controlled by plagioclase, clinopyroxene, magnetite, ilmenite and titanomagnetite. Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of Incesu ignimbrite display isotopic variations between the ignimbrite levels; they exhibit a limited range in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7043–0.7049) and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512716–0.512760). The Sr–Nd isotopic ratio of Incesu ignimbrite reveals an age of 3 Ma. The ignimbrite evolved through fractional crystallization and crystal contamination of the parent magma derived from Ocean Island Basalt (OIB) like magma. This suggestion is supported by the AFC modeling based on the trace elements and Sr isotope data.Variation of several major oxide concentrations (Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO and K₂O), trace element concetrations (V, Sr, Cs and Rb) and trace element ratios (Ba/Rb, Sr/, K/Sr, K/Nb, Rb/Sr, Rb/Y and Rb/Nb) versus SiO₂ concentration show the magma chamber that generated the Incesu ignimbrite was compositionally zoned. All geochemical and Sr–Nd isotpic datas can be interepreted to be the result of a subduction related source.     

High temperature extremes in the Czech Republic 1961–2010 and their synoptic variants

Our research focuses on the analysis of extreme high maximum air temperature events (EXHTEs) in the Czech Republic in the period 1961–2010, their climatological characteristics, and on the identification of synoptic-scale circulation conditions conductive to them. EXHTEs are detected using the Weather Extremity Index (WEI) combining return periods of daily maximum air temperature, duration of events, and the extent of the affected area. We selected 37 EXHTEs as non-overlapping periods with the highest WEI. Some long EXHTEs were divided into several shorter synoptically homogeneous episodes. Using the two-level divisive clustering of 700 hPa air temperature and wind field anomalies, we obtained four main variants of synoptic-scale circulation conditions. The most frequent variant associated with extreme episodes is characterized by a westerly flow connected with a high pressure ridge extending northeastward from North Africa over Central Europe or with an anticyclone centered over the Central Mediterranean. The most extreme episodes occurred during the variant characterized by an easterly flow between a high pressure area to the northeast and a low pressure area to the southeast.     

新型海流能发电控制系统设计

新型海流能发电装置控制系统是基于MPPT理论,增加了最大功率捕获控制及直流电路稳压控制,通过数学模型模拟海流速度及发电机电磁力矩,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行系统的搭建和仿真研究。其结果表明在实际输出功率对最大功率的比值基本相同,该系统实现对最大功率捕获,并在直流母线后端电压基本稳定,验证控制系统设计的有效性。通过搭建试验平台,对该发电系统进行试验研究。记录数据拟合曲线与理论公式曲线一致,且实现电压也在合理的波动范围,试验结果证明该控制系统正确,可进一步示范应用。     

多站拼接后三维激光扫描点云的消冗处理

针对多站地面激光扫描数据拼接后在扫描重叠区内的重复采样点带来数据冗余的问题,提出一种在不降低原始扫描采样密度的前提下,对冗余点云进行消冗处理的方法。该方法首先对拼接后的点云建立立方体格网索引,再对所有采样点按k邻-近结构进行组织,然后在k-邻近组织的数据中进行遍历,依据采样点间距是否小于给定的阈值确定是否删除某一采样点。对多站扫描的建筑物点云拼接数据进行消冗处理,验证了本方案的有效性。     

A Fine Structure of the Perseid Meteoroid Stream

A fine structure of the Perseid stream in the range of photographic magnitudes is studied using the method of indices. A new completed 2003 version of the IAU Meteor Data Center Catalogue of 4581 photographic orbits is used. The method of indices is used to acquire a basic data set for the Perseids. Subsequently, the method is applied on the chosen Perseids to study their structure. Sixty four percent of chosen Perseids taken into account are attached to one of the 17 determined filaments of orbits. The filaments are not distributed in the space accidentally, but they form a higher structure consisting of at least four well-defined and distinguished “branches”.     

Cryptic diversity and phylogeography of the island‐associated barnacle Chthamalus moro in Asia

Pleistocene glaciations were among the important historic events that shaped the population structures of marine organisms. Genetic studies of different marine fauna and flora have demonstrated the effect of Pleistocene glaciations on taxa that reside in marginal seas. However, how marine island species responded to Pleistocene glaciations remains relatively unstudied, especially in Asia. Genetic analyses based on the island‐associated barnacle Chthamalus moro collected from 14 sites in Asia reveal that C. moro comprises three distinct lineages, with COI divergence ranging from 3.9 to 8.3%. Population genetic analyses on respective lineages reveal signs of demographic expansion within the Pleistocene epoch at different times. The Ogasawara lineage, which has a more oceanic distribution, expanded the earliest, followed by the population expansion of the Ryukyu and Southern lineages that inhabit islands closer to the continent. The data suggest that the inhabitants of outer islands may have been less affected by Pleistocene glaciations than those that reside closer to the continent, as the former were able to maintain a large, stable, effective population size throughout the late Pleistocene.     

Lessons learnt from Typhoons Fitow and In-Fa: implications for improving urban flood resilience in Asian Coastal Cities

Natural Hazards - Frequent typhoons significantly affect many coastal cities via intensive rainstorms, tidal surges and strong wind. Natural factors induced by human disturbance such as climate...     

Mortality risk of a future heat event across a subtropical city: implications for community planning and health policy

Natural Hazards - In this study, we applied the Weather Research and Forecasting model to project 2050 urban and rural temperature. We applied a time-stratified analysis to compare it with...     

Histological alterations observed in Idotea balthica basteri audouin 1827 (Crustacea,Isopoda) exposed to the chronic effect of non-ionic detergents

Following extended exposure to eight non-ionic compounds, the crustacean isopod Idotea balthica basteri was studied by light microscopy and histoautoradiography. Cellular modifications were found in the nervous system, the gill pleopods, the digestive system, the gonads and the moulting gland. It is suggested that these modifications may eventually cause a variation in function and may even lead to the extinction of the species.     

Adjustment of a spatial network according to conditional observations when various kinds of corrections are introduced

Summary In the present paper the adjustment of the Hradilek's spatial network[3] was carried out in space using the least-squares method according to conditional observations. Triangle, side and base equations of condition are given (see also[1]). In the first method of adjustment (Alternative A) the corrections are assigned to oblique (position) angles and the lengths of sides. In the second method of adjustment (Alternative B) the corrections are assigned to horizontal directions, zenith distances and lengths of sides. The refraction coefficients in both alternatives are introduced as unknown parameters. Neither method of adjustment depends on the directions of the verticals. Theoretically, Alternative B is more correct. However, for practical purposes the results yielded by Alternative A are little better than those yielded by Alternative B. As regards the economical aspect Alternative A is considerably more convenient. Both methods seem suitable for computing the rectangular spatial co-ordinates, less so for determining the refraction coefficients.