The BEEP project in the Baltic Sea: overview of results and outline for a regional biological effects monitoring strategy

Field studies in the framework of the EU funded BEEP project (Biological Effects of Environmental Pollution in Marine Coastal Ecosystems, 2001-2004) aimed at validating and intercalibrating a battery of biomarkers of contaminant exposure and effects in selected indicator species in the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic and the Baltic Seas. Major strategic goals of the BEEP project were the development of a sensitive and cost-efficient biological effects monitoring approach, delivery of information and advice to end-user groups, and the implementation of a network of biomarker researchers around Europe. Based on the main results obtained in the Baltic Sea component of the BEEP the present paper summarises and assesses the applicability of biomarkers for different regions and species in this sea area. Moreover, a general strategy and some practical considerations for the monitoring of biological effects in the Baltic Sea are outlined.     

基于高质量DTM的数字正射像片生成

本文介绍生成正射像片的一种新方法。它采用的一种数字地形模型，由栅格数据和矢量数据两者组成，如断裂线。这种方法克服了在大比例尺地图中由于简单栅格ＤＴＭ的精度不高而引起的地貌移位问题。     

模糊数学基础知识及其在地图制图学中的应用讲座 第五讲 模糊综合评判在制图综合中的应用

把模糊数学的概念用于制图综合,使制图综合可能利用更多的地图信息,并为制图综合的研究提供新的手段。同时,也为地图数据库和机助自动编图提供新的研究途径。§5.1 问题的提出用数学方法研究制图综合中物体的选取问题,近二十年来国内外许多制图学者进过很多的探索,提出了各种各样的数学模型。在这些模型中,绝大多数是依据定量分析获取物体的定额选取数量,而苏联学者鲍罗金提出的等比数列法则在考虑选取物体数量的同时,对被研究的物体进行了定性分析,从而获取对制图物体是否被选取的判断模式。采用等比数列法不需要对制图区域的密度进     

模糊综合评判在地图生产质量评定中的应用

地图是通过严密的科学方法和精细的工艺制作而产生的作品，地图制作中每一环节都须对其质量进行严格地检审和评定，尤其是对编绘原图的质量更须严格评定，因为它直接关系到即将印刷出版的地图质量。     

Long-term temporal trends (1992-2008) of imposex status associated with organotin contamination in the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus along the Icelandic coast

Using the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus as a biomonitor, we evaluated the organotin contamination along the Icelandic coast over nearly two decades. In 2008, adult dogwhelks collected from 30 locations were examined for imposex status. In 2009, tissue concentrations of six organotin species in dogwhelks from 16 of the 30 locations were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Tributyltin was the most predominant residue ranging from 2.07 to 70.38 μg kg(-1) dw, while triphenyltin was also detected at concentrations up to 22.79 μg kg(-1) dw. Higher total organotin concentrations and imposex indices were observed at locations near large harbours (Reykjavík and Hafnarfj?reur). By comparing the current imposex results with those of previous surveys (1992-2003), we found that recovery was slow near the large harbours, but more apparent near the smaller harbours. We also observed a notable increase in imposex at several northwest sites implying incessant input of organotins.     

PAHs contamination and bacterial communities in mangrove surface sediments of the Jiulong River Estuary, China

Sixteen sediment samples collected from eight transects in a mangrove swamp of the Jiulong River Estuary, Fujian, China were investigated for their content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the biodegradation potential of the indigenous microorganisms. The bacterial community structures in the mangrove sediments and in enrichment cultures were also investigated. The results showed that the total PAHs concentration of mangrove sediments ranged from 280 to 1074 ng g(-1) dry weight, that the PAHs composition pattern in the mangrove sediments was dominated by high molecular weight PAH components (4-6 rings), and that Benzo[ghi]perylene and Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were the most dominant at different stations. Abundant PAH-degrading bacteria were found in all the stations, the values of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.85 x 10(4) to 7.80 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight, fluoranthene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.25 x 10(4) to 5.79 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight, pyrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 3.10 x 10(4) to 6.97 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight and the benzo(a)pyrene-degrading bacteria ranged from 5.25 x 10(4) to 7.26 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry weight. DGGE analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA gene fragments confirmed that there was a remarkable shift in the composition of the bacterial community due to the addition of the different model PAH compound phenanthrene (three ring PAH), fluoranthene(four ring PAH), pyrene(four ring PAH) and benzo(a)pyrene(five ring PAH) during enrichment batch culture. Eleven strains were obtained with different morphology and different degradation ability. The presence of common bands for microbial species in the cultures and in the native mangrove sediment DNA indicated that these strains could be potential in situ PAH-degraders.     

城市大气环境质量的超标加权评价方法

根据大气环境中3种主要污染的监测数据,采用超标加权方法,利用灰色决策模型进行综合评价。参与评价的信息量大,为城市环境质量综合评价提供了一种新的方法。