An initial demonstration of underwater acoustic communication using time reversal

In July 1999, an at-sea experiment to measure the focus of a 3.5-kHz centered time-reversal mirror (TRM) was conducted in three different environments: an absorptive bottom, a reflective bottom, and a sloping bottom. The experiment included a preliminary exploration of using a TRM to generate binary-phase shift keying communication sequences in each of these environments. Broadside communication transmissions were also made, and single-source communications were simulated using the measured-channel response. A comparison of the results is made and time reversal is shown to be an effective approach for mitigating inter-symbol interference caused by channel multipath.     

TRANSFORMATION OF CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUSTS AND GEOTECTURE OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC MARGIN

Three types of crust exist in the area studied. There was an assembled continent at the end of the Hercynian-Indosinian cycle. Since the Cenozoic the area has shown a trend of tension, thinning and oceanization in varying degrees, which is manifested in the creeping and obduction of the Asian continent as well as the spreeding and subduction of West Pacific Ocean, thus bringing about the continental rifts, maginal basins and arc-thrence systems in this area.Geotectonic cycle usually begins with a tensional phase and ends with a compressional phase. When tension predominates, various rifts can be formed on the continental crust and the crust is in the trend of oceanization. When compression predominates, the rifts disappears, the crust is in the trend of continentization and, in the end, folded mountain belts and geosutures can be formed. Thus, the crust is tending towards "maturatity" and thickening.     

Effect of different registration methods on precision of orientation based on RTK registration/georeferencing mode

Abstract

Compared with traditional methods, the three-dimensional laser-scanning (3D-LS) technique can efficiently acquire many high-quality geometric properties of rock discontinuities. In practice, engineers usually prefer to simplify the processing by using single-station point data and roughly orienting owing to the complexity of registration/georeferencing multi-station point data. However, prior published studies have paid little attention to the accuracy and reliability when determining discontinuity orientations using 3D-LS. We propose a reliable and accurate method with robust on-site applicability. As part of an ongoing effort, we are evaluating the precision of the commonly used coarse registration method and the fine registration method, and promoted the optimized coarse- and fine-registration methods and evaluated their precision. It is found that: (1) the common and the optimized registration method can meet our project’s engineering requirements, and the optimized registration method improved accuracy in the dip direction by approximately 1°; (2) fine registration using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm can correct both dip direction and dip angle; and (3) the orientation is of high precision with commonly used coarse and fine registration, whereas the optimization effect to correct the orientation is slightly limited.     

浙江省领海基点海岛现状监测和分析

为及时掌握领海基点及其标志建设、领海基点海岛开发利用以及领海基点海岛周边海域生态环境等状况,文章采用卫星影像、无人机航摄和现场巡查相结合的监测方式,对浙江省领海基点海岛标志、地形地物、植被、地质灾害、人类活动、开发利用状况和周边海域生态环境进行监测和分析。研究结果表明：浙江省领海基点海岛保护状况总体较好,周边海域海水符合第一类和第二类海水水质标准,地形地貌无明显变化;部分领海基点海岛出现海蚀崖、海蚀沟和岩体裂缝并有海钓活动痕迹,部分领海基点方位点标志碑由于风暴浪的冲击存在局部损毁的现象。后续应对损毁领海基点方位点标志碑开展整修和维护工作;对已发生和可能发生的崩塌和滑坡等地质灾害进行常态化监测;在掌握海岛生态系统现状的基础上建立评估机制,开展海岛生态系统健康评估;积极与利益相关部门开展联系和沟通,形成领海基点海岛保护协调制度;进一步加强对领海基点海岛保护的宣传工作。     

前墙结构对OWC气室捕能效果影响的数值研究

基于不可压缩黏性流体理论和VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法建立了二维数值波浪水槽模型,将模拟波形与波浪理论值进行对比,分析了模型可靠性,并利用该模型研究了5种不同前墙结构OWC气室在不同波高、周期时的出气口速度和气室内空气压强。基于模拟结果,从波能-动能转换效率和气室内空气压强角度分析了前墙结构对OWC气室的捕能效果的影响。结果表明:对于传统的直立型OWC气室,采用合适的前墙结构可有效提高OWC气室的捕能效果;相比三角截面(20D型,30D型)和矩形(Y型)截面前墙,采用椭圆截面(20TY型,30TY型)的前墙结构的捕能效果更优,且在周期较大(1.6和1.8 s)时其作用更显著,其波能-动能转换率相对Y型前墙结构气室平均提升37%;5种前墙结构不同的气室中,20TY型和30TY型前墙结构气室的捕能效果最优。     

大型海藻孔石莼化学组分和生物活性研究新进展

孔石莼是一种大型绿藻,在食品、药物等领域具有广泛应用。本文综述了近5年来孔石莼化学组分及其生物活性研究进展,并展望了其应用前景。     

羧甲基壳聚糖对肿瘤生长的影响研究

研究评价了不同分子量及不同取代度的3种羧甲基壳聚糖(CM-CTS)对肿瘤生长的影响。用MTT比色法测定3种CM-CTS对人正常肝细胞L02及3株肿瘤细胞:Bel-7402、SGC-7901及Hela生长的影响;ELISA方法检测3种CM-CTS对2种肝细胞L02及Bel-7402分泌TGF-α及VEGF水平的影响;建立小鼠移植性肿瘤Heps模型,腹腔注射分子量最大的CM-Ⅰ,研究CM-CTS的抑瘤作用。研究结果表明,分子量及取代度不同的3种CM-CTS在0.05~0.8 mg/mL浓度范围内,对L02细胞增殖具有显著促进作用,对Bel-7402、SGC-7901及Hela细胞的增殖则具有一定的抑制作用;3种CM-CTS能提高L02细胞TGF-α分泌水平,抑制Bel-7402细胞分泌TGF-α及VEGF水平;在动物水平上,CM-CTS能抑制小鼠Heps肿瘤生长,且量效关系显著。说明不同分子量及取代度的3种羧甲基壳聚糖对肿瘤生长具一定的抑制作用。     

含油多孔介质二维弥散特性初步研究

为了研究含油多孔介质的二维水动力弥散特性,控制砂土中柴油和机油含油率为0、1%、2%,作为供试的含油多孔介质,采用自己设计的二维水动力弥散试验装置测定示踪剂(氯化钙)的穿透曲线,并定量确定了含油砂土的有效孔隙度、纵向弥散度、横向弥散度以及砂土中孔隙水的流速。试验结果表明,有效孔隙度随石油含量的增加而减小,而且含柴油砂土的有效孔隙度减小比含机油砂土更加显著;在纵向上,示踪剂浓度峰值的到达时间和峰值浓度的大小主要取决于孔隙水流速的大小,孔隙水流速越大,示踪剂达到浓度峰值的时间越短,且峰值浓度越大;含机油砂土的纵向弥散度小于清洁砂土,而含柴油砂土的纵向弥散度大于清洁砂土;不同含油率砂土的纵向弥散度变化范围为0.133～0.370cm,横向弥散度变化范围为9.83×10-3～4.64×10-2 cm,纵向弥散度均大于其横向弥散度。     

剪切湍流数据处理技术

湍流在海洋能量和水体的交换演化中起着非常重要的作用.海洋湍流研究的发展和海洋湍流观测仪器的研发密切相关.世界上湍流观测仪器的研发起步于20世纪50年代,但是我国在湍流观测设备方面到目前为止仅仅处于起步和引进国外设备阶段.针对我国的情况,利用DSP技术设计电路,并通过电路对剪切湍流数据进行处理.用ALEC公司生产的湍流剖...     

Threshold condition of sand particles under codirectional combined wave and current flow

Flume experiments were carried out to determine the threshold of movement of sand on rippled surface and flat beds under the codirectional combined flows due to waves and currents. The results indicate that Shields's curve can be used to determine the threshold condition under combined flows, provided that the maximum bed shear stress is used.