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231.
利用三维普林斯顿海洋模型(POM)以及逐时水位观测数据,研究印度洋北部斯里兰卡北部海岸风暴潮-潮汐相互作用特征.选择了2008年的"Nisha"台风作为台风风暴潮个例进行研究,并进行了3个数值敏感性试验.经验证,该风暴潮模型可以很好地再现该台风期间研究区域内的潮汐和总海水水位.试验结果表明,沿斯里兰卡西北海岸的风暴潮-潮汐相互作用显著,其强度与台风的强度和轨迹相关.当TC在42 h达到较大强度时,可以得到风暴潮-潮汐相互作用导致的最大增水值TSI (0.6 m)和从印度洋外海向斯里兰卡西北部浅滩流入的最大相互作用流场.在TC强度较弱的第30小时,得到最大负TSI (-0.6 m)和向南流出西北部浅水区域的较弱的相互作用流场.在整个台风期间,强TSI都发生在斯里兰卡西北部海滩到对岸的印度洋近岸区域. 相似文献
232.
1 SignificanceofSolarStokesSpectrumObservationDuetothedevelopmentinobservinginstrument,theconceptofsolarspectrumshouldbegeneralized .Inthepast,itisonlyassignedtotheordinaryorunpolarizedspectrumrecordingthewavelength distributedintensityofthecontinuumand… 相似文献
234.
Changes in Agricultural Biodiversity: Implications for Sustainable Livelihood in the Himalaya 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
K.G.Saxena R.K.Maikhuri K.S.Rao 《山地科学学报》2005,2(1):23-31
Himalayan mountain system is distinguished globally for a rich biodiversity and for its role in regulating the climate of the South Asia.Traditional crop-livestock mixed farming in the Himalaya is highly dependent on forests for fodder and manure prepared from forest leaf litter and livestock excreta. Apart from sustaining farm production, forests provide a variety of other tangible and intangible benefits, which are critical for sustainable livelihood of not only 115 million mountain people, but also many more people living in the adjoining plains. Extension of agricultural landuse coupled with replacement of traditional staple food crops by cash crops and of multipurpose agroforestry trees by fruit trees are widespread changes. Cultivation of Fagopyrum esculentum,Fagopyrum tataricum, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica and Pisum arvense has been almost abandoned. Increasing stress on cash crops is driven by a socio-cultural change from subsistence to market economy facilitated by improvement in accessibility and supply of staple food grains at subsidized price by the government. Farmers have gained substantial economic benefits from cash crops. However, loss of agrobiodiversity implies more risks to local livelihood in the events of downfall in market price/demand of cash crops, termination of supply of staple food grains at subsidized price, pest outbreaks in a cash crop dominated homogeneous landscape and abnormal climate years. Indigenous innovations enabling improvement in farm economy by conserving and/enhancing agrobiodiversity do exist, but are highly localized. The changes in agrobiodiversity are such that soil loss and run-off from the croplands have dramatically increased together with increase in local pressure on forests. As farm productivity is maintained with forest-based inputs, continued depletion of forest resources will result in poor economic returns from agriculture to local people,apart from loss of global benefits from Himalayan forests. Interventions including improvement in traditional manure and management of on-farm trees,participatory development of agroforestry in degraded forest lands and policies favoring economic benefits to local people from non-timber forest products could reduce the risks of decline in agricultural biodiversity and associated threats to livelihoods and Himalayan ecosystems. 相似文献
235.
Muhammet ?EL?K 《山地科学学报》2023,(1):15-30
Rockfall disasters can result in damages to various structures such as highways and buildings.Ground reinforced embankments(GRE) are one of the barrier types used to prevent rockfall. GRE absorb the impact energy of the hitting rock blocks by the movement of fine soil particles triggered by the penetration of the rock in the soil. In this process,stresses in the wall are distributed in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. GREs on the valley slopes can be hundreds of meters long, so s... 相似文献
236.
我们发现,长石和岩屑骨架颗粒的溶解作用(FGD)对于可溶颗粒大于10%的砂岩的储集性来说具有重要意义。据集些储集砂岩的研究,其骨架颗粒溶解孔隙度可高达70%左右,其平均孔隙度约为可见孔隙的30%。骨架颗粒溶解作用不能明显地增加储层的渗透率。但是,我们发现,骨架颗粒溶解孔隙度的发育数量是砂岩原始渗透率的函数。我们认为,页岩中的粘土及有机成熟作用为骨架颗粒溶解产生了必要的水、酸及络合剂。骨架颗粒溶解的溶剂被排驱至砂岩中,在那里长石和岩屑被溶解了,而且由此产生的溶解铝被络合,并搬运至砂岩之外。 相似文献
237.
This study describes an automatic berthing system with mooring lines. It is designed to be berthed by using mooring device on the upper deck of a ship. It is to berth once maintaining parallel with the quay by controlling both forward and aft breast lines. Berthing method is used through length adjustment of mooring lines connected between ship and quay by controlling the angular velocity and the torque of hydraulic motor in mooring device. The study is conducted under three changing conditions of draft, such as even-keel, rise of the gravity center and trim to stern. Variables affecting berthing stability are determined based on the control performance of each condition. Bond graphs method is used to model the system. Controller is designed as PID control method of reference-model algorithm. The control program is composed of synchronous control system based on the equations derived with the numerical analysis. The tank test is conducted to verify the usefulness of the control program. 相似文献
238.
<正>The presence of rich natural resources and their rational use is the basis of dynamic and sustainable development of the state and society in general.The most effective integrated use of natural resources,which include mineral resources,predetermines the development of productive forces,the development of new areas,and the deployment of new industries,solves the problems of employment and contributes to economic growth of the 相似文献
239.
为了研究九州—帕劳洋脊(KPR)俯冲部分与同震破裂扩展、地震活动性和浅部甚低频地震的关系,对南海海槽西部俯冲带日向滩地区进行了三维地震层析成像。结合岸上和近海记录的主动源和被动源地震数据,成像了从该海槽轴附近到海岸地区的深部板块。我们的结果表明,俯冲的九州—帕劳洋脊为西北—东南向的低速带,向下扩展到约30km的深度。在这个深度,我们认为俯冲的九州—帕劳洋脊与板块分离,成为上覆大陆板块的底座。由于过去大地震的同震滑动地区没有延伸到俯冲的九州—帕劳洋脊,我们认为九州—帕劳洋脊可能阻碍了破裂的扩展。俯冲的九州—帕劳洋脊的内部在很宽的深度上分布有活跃的板内地震活动。浅部甚低频地震在俯冲的九州—帕劳洋脊上部连续发生,而在俯冲的九州—帕劳洋脊的东北部却是间歇地出现。因此,俯冲的九州—帕劳洋脊看来是这个地区同震破裂扩展和地震现象的一个重要因素。 相似文献
240.
M. Fakharifar M. K. Sharbatdar Z. Lin A. Dalvand A. Sivandi-Pour G. Chen 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,13(1):59-73
This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints. 相似文献